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"Latar Belakang: Keterlambatan bicara adalah salah satu bentuk keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak. Untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif keterlambatan bicara, faktor risiko dibutuhkan untuk membantu mendiagnosis pasien, agar intervensi dini dapat dimulai.Tujuan: Identifikasi asosiasi antara jenis kelamin, usia kehamilan, berat lahir, lingkar kepala, penutupan anterior fontanel, perkembangan motorik kasar, periode ASI eksklusif, pengasuh sehari-hari, jumlah saudara kandung, paparan media, interaksi sosial dengan pasien, dan keterlambatan bicara pada anak usia 1 sampai 2 tahun.Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol pada anak usia 1 sampai 2 tahun di Rumah Sakit Pusat Nasional (RSUPN) Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Klinik Anakku, Pondok Pinang di Jakarta, Indonesia, dari Januari 2018 sampai Maret 2018. Data dikumpulkan dari wawancara orang tua. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan SPSS Statistics for Mac, dengan uji Chi-Square dan metode logistic regression. Hasil: Jumlah subjek pada studi ini adalah 126 anak, dengan 63 anak dengan keterlambatan bicara, dan 63 anak lainnya dengan perkembangan bicara yang normal. Pada uji multivariat, variabel yang signifikan adalah keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar (p < 0.001; OR = 9.607; 95% CI = 3.403-27.122), periode ASI eksklusif kurang dari 6 bulan (p = 0.016; OR = 3.278; 95% CI = 1.244-8.637), dan paparan gadget dan televisi selama lebih dari 2 jam sehari (p < 0.001; OR = 8.286; 95% CI = 2.555-26.871). Kontak sosial yang buruk (p = 0.998) adalah confounding factor pada studi ini.Kesimpulan: Keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar, periode ASI eksklusif kurang dari 6 bulan, paparan media selama lebih dari 2 jam, dan kontak yang buruk adalah faktor risiko keterlambatan bicara pada anak.

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Background: Speech delay is one of the most common developmental delay in children. To minimize the negative outcomes of speech delay, risk factors should be explored to help in patient diagnosis, so an early intervention can be initiated. Aim: Identify the association between gender, age, birth weight, asphyxia during birth, head circumference, closure of anterior fontanel, gross motor development, period of

breastfeeding, caregiver, number of siblings, media exposure, social interaction with subject and delayed speech in children between 1 to 2 years old. Method: A case-control study for children between 1 to 2 years old in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional (RSUPN) Cipto Mangunkusumo and Klinik Anakku, Pondok Pinang in Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2018 to March 2018. Data was collected from parent interviews. The data obtained was processed with SPSS Statistics for Mac, with Chi-Square test and logistic regression method.

Result: The total number of subjects in this study was 126, with 63 children with speech delay and 63 children with normal speech development. In the multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors were delayed gross motor development (p < 0.001; OR = 9.607; 95% CI = 3.403-27.122), period of exclusive breastfeeding of less than 6 months (p = 0.016; OR = 3.278; 95% CI = 1.244-8.637), and exposure to gadgets and television for more than 2 hours (p < 0.001; OR = 8.286; 95% CI = 2.555-26.871). Poor social interaction (p = 0.998) was found to be the confounding factor. Conclusion: Delayed gross motor development, period of exclusive breastfeeding of less than 6 months, media exposure for more than 2 hours, and poor are risk factors of

delayed speech development in children."

"Latar Belakang: Angka prevalensi GSA semakin meningkat dan kekhawatiran orang tua tentang kondisi anaknya, mendorong dilakukannya skrining deteksi dini GSA. Beberapa tanda untuk deteksi dini GSA yaitu 1) respon terhadap godaan, 2) respon ketika dipanggil dan 3) respon terhadap penghambatan. Terdapat tanda lain yang dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini GSA, yaitu respon colek. Tujuan: Mengetahui seberapa besar nilai diagnostik respon colek dalam mendeteksi GSA pada anak usia 18 bulan - 4 tahun dengan keterlambatan bicara. Metode:Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap subyek berusia 18 bulan - 4 tahun dengan keterlambatan bicara. Pada subyek diberikan rangsangan colek, godaan saat bermain, dipanggil namanya saat bermain dan penghambatan saat bermain (dengan tangan) kemudian dinilai respon subyek terhadap pemberi respon. Subyek kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok, GSA dan bukan GSA berdasarkan kriteria DSM-5. Hasil:Dibandingkan ketiga respon lain, respon colek memiliki spesifitas paling tinggi (93%) dengan sensitivitas 75% dalam mendeteksi GSA. Bila ke 4 pemeriksaan uji diagnostik digabungkan, dengan hasil tes negatif menandakan tidak adanya respon terhadap pemeriksaan, maka akan didapatkan nilai spesifisitas sangat tinggi (100%) dengan sensitivitas 42%. Simpulan: Dibandingkan ketiga pemeriksaan yang sudah ada, respon colek memiliki spesifisitas paling tinggi dalam menyingkirkan GSA pada anak dengan keterlambatan bicara.Background: ASD prevalence are increasing and parents' concerns about their child's condition, encourage early detection by screening of ASD. Several signs for early detection of ASD: 1) teasing response, 2) calling response, 3) blocking response. There are other signs can be used as early detection of ASD, which is a poke response. Objective:To know the diagnostic value of poke response in detecting ASD in children aged 18 months - 4 years with speech delay. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 18 months - 4 years with speech delay. The subjects given poke stimulation, teasing when playing, called by name and inhibition when playing then assessed the subject's responses. The subjects were grouped into 2 groups, ASD and not ASD based on DSM-5. Results:Compared to the other 3 responses, poke response had the highest specificity (93%) with 75% sensitivity in detecting ASD. If all 4 diagnostic test examinations are combined, with a negative test result indicating no response to the examination, a very high specificity (100%) with a sensitivity of 42% will be obtained. Conclusion:Compared the others, the poke response has the highest specificity to rule out ASD in children with speech delay."

"Agregat batita bayi tiga tahun di perkotaan berisiko mengalam risiko keterlambatan perkembangan bicara dan bahasa. Faktor penyebabnya yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua dalam stimulasi bicara dan bahasa serta faktor kesibukan dari orang tua. Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini untuk mengetahui ke efektifan intervensi stimulasi bicara dan bahasa pada tiga keluarga binaan di RW 2, Kelurahan Curug. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan 3 keluarga binaan. Hasil dari intervensi yang telah diberikan sebanyak tujuh kali kunjungan keluarga dengan stimulasi bicara dan bahasa menunjukan adanya peningkatan bicara dan bahasa pada keluarga binaan. Stimulasi bicara dan bahasa yang efektif adalah stimulasi menggunakan gambar dan kegiatan sehari-hari yang ada di lingkungan anak dan dapat di observasi secara langsung. Saran dari studi kasus ini adalah diharapkan keluarga berperan aktif untuk stimulasi bicara dan bahsa serta mempertahankan komunikasi yang intensif pada anak.

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Toddler aggregate in urban area susceptible to have risk of delay in speech and language development. Main factors that caused the problem are parent rsquo;s deficiency of knowledge in the stimulation of speech and language and also parent rsquo;s busy activities. The purpose of this paper is to know the effectiveness of speech and language stimulation intervention to three assited families in RW 2, Kelurahan Curug. The design of this research is case study with 3 assisted families. The results of interventions that have been given for seven family visits with speech and language stimulation indicate an increase in speech and language in the built family. Effective speech and language stimulation is the stimulation of images and daily activities that exist in the child 39;s environment and can be observed directly. The recommendations from this case study are to do an active role in the stimulation of speech and language for the family and also maintain intensive communication in children."

"Temper tantrum adalah hal yang umum ditemukan pada toddler, namun dapat dikatakan abnormal jika durasi, frekuensi, dan/atau intensitasnya berlebihan atau disertai dengan mood negatif yang menetap di antara periode tantrum. Tantrum abnormal dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah perilaku pada anak, distress bagi orangtua, dan kualitas interaksi orangtua-anak yang buruk, yang bertahan hingga dewasa jika tidak diintervensi sejak dini. Salah satu populasi yang rentan menunjukkan tantrum abnormal adalah toddler dengan keterlambatan bicara. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, diketahui bahwa Parent-Child Interaction Therapy PCIT merupakan intervensi yang terbukti efektif mengatasi berbagai perilaku disruptif-termasuk tantrum-pada anak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian single-subject ini menerapkan intervensi dengan prinsip-prinsip PCIT pada seorang toddler dengan keterlambatan bicara. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas intervensi tersebut dalam menurunkan frekuensi dan durasi perilaku tantrum pada partisipan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang diterapkan berhasil menurunkan frekuensi dan durasi perilaku tantrum partisipan sebesar 50 , hingga tergolong ke dalam rentang normal berdasarkan observasi harian ibu . Dilihat dari hasil pengukuran Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System-III dan Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory yang dilakukan berkala, intervensi juga menurunkan kemunculan berbagai perilaku disruptif lainnya pada partisipan dan meningkatkan kualitas interaksinya dengan ibu.

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Temper tantrums are common among toddler, but could be categorized as abnormal if they are excessive in duration, frequency, and or intensity, or presented with persistent negative mood between episodes. Abnormal tantrum may cause many behavior problems in a child, distress for parents, and low quality of parent child interaction, which could last until adulthood if there is no early intervention introduced. One of many populations with high risk of abnormal tantrum is toddler with speech delay.

Based on previous studies, Parent Child Interaction Therapy PCIT was found as an effective intervention to overcome many disruptive behaviors mdash including tantrum mdash in children. Therefore, this single subject study applied an intervention with PCIT principles to a toddler with speech delay. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of said intervention in reducing frequency and duration of tantrum behavior in participant.

This study shows that the intervention applied had succeeded in reducing 50 of participant's frequency and duration of tantrum behavior, so that they are within normal range based on her mother's daily observation. Based on repeated measures of Dyadic Parent Child Interaction Coding System III and Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, the intervention also resulted in decreased other disruptive behaviors in participant and increased interaction quality of her and her mother."

"[ABSTRAKGangguan pendengaran akibat stroke yang terjadi pada jalur auditorik merupakan aspek yang sedikit sekali dieksplorasi pada pasien pasca stroke dan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada fungsi dan kualitas hidup. Pendengaran memfasilitasi komunikasi verbal sehingga hal ini penting untuk memberikan penatalaksanaan yang sesuai dan maksimal. Untuk mengukur proporsi gangguan pendengaran dan gangguan komunikasi verbal pada pasien pasca stroke dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni, audiometri tutur, dan audiometri tutur dalam bising untuk mengkaji bagaimana gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi dengan karakteristik demografik dan karakteristik klinis serta faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada bulan November 2014 sampai Mei 2015, melibatkan 40 subyek pasien pasca stroke otak (eksklusi afasia, gangguan fungsi luhur dan gangguan kognitif) yang terdiagnosis dari pencitraan tomografi komputer kepala. Sebanyak 40% mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensorineural (ringan 37,5% dan sedang 20%). Gangguan pendengaran sentral didapatkan 12,5 dan campuran (sensorineural dan sentral) sebanyak17,5%. Didapatkan gangguan komunikasi verbal dalam suasana tenang dan bising 12,% sedangkan gangguan dalam suasana bising sebanyak 32,5%. Berdasarkan nilai odds rasio didapatkan kecenderungan faktor risiko usia lebih dari 60 tahun, letak lesi kortikal dan atau subkortikal serta vaskularisasi lesi dapat mempengaruhi gangguan pendengaran dengan atau tanpa disertai gangguan komunikasi dan secara statistik bermakna.

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ABSTRACTHearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.;Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance., Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas kesalahan berbicara bahasa Belanda mahasiswa semester 7 Program Studi Belanda UI tahun 2023. Topik ini berkaitan dengan bidang studi linguistik-Pengajaran Bahasa Belanda sebagai Bahasa Asing. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan mahasiswa semester 7 Program Studi Belanda UI tahun 2023 untuk membentuk kalimat dengan konstruksi verba akhir dan konstruksi inversi dalam berbicara bahasa Belanda. Dari hasil rekaman 10 mahasiswa semester 7, terdapat 53 kalimat dengan konstruksi verba akhir dan 34 kalimat dengan konstruksi inversi. Persentase kalimat yang benar adalah 45,283% untuk kalimat verba akhir dan 55,882% untuk kalimat inversi. Melalui penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa masih kesulitan dan melakukan kesalahan dalam memproduksi kalimat dengan konstruksi verba akhir dan inversi dalam kegiatan berbicara. 

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This research addresses the difficulty in speaking Dutch for 7th-semester students at the Dutch Studies Program Universitas Indonesia in 2023. This topic is related to Linguistics-Teaching Dutch as a Foreign Language. Using a descriptive research method and a quantitative approach, this research aims to find out the Dutch-speaking ability of 7th-semester students at the Dutch Studies Program in producing sentences with final verb and inversion in Dutch. From the recordings of 10 students of the 7th semester, there are 53 sentences with final verb construction and 34 sentences with inversion construction. The percentages of correct sentences are 45.283% for final verb sentences and 55.882% for inversion sentences. This research concludes that students still have difficulties and make mistakes in producing sentences with final verb construction and inversion in speaking activities."

"Latar belakang: : Gangguan spektrum autisme (GSA) adalah gangguanneurodevelopmental yang menyebabkan gangguan komunikasi sosial, interaksi sertaperilaku restriktif dan repetitif yang meliputi gangguan sensori. Gangguan pemrosesansensorik menimbulkan kesulitan dalam meregulasi respons terhadap sensasi dan stimulusspesifik sehingga membatasi kemampuan berpartisipasi dalam rutinitas harian normal.Terapi okupasi sensori integrasi (TO-SI) digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuanuntuk memproses dan mengintegrasi informasi sensorik. Penelitian menunjukkan buktiilmiah rendah hingga sedang pada anak usia lebih besar. Berdasarkan pengalaman klinisPusponegoro, TO-SI dapat meningkatkan perilaku positif anak GSA terutama pada usiadi bawah 5 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh TO-SI dalammeningkatkan perilaku positif anak usia 2 sampai 5 tahun dengan GSA.Metode: Penelitian pra-eksperimen di klinik Check My Child (CMC) dan Klinik AnakkuKelapa Gading pada bulan Maret-Oktober 2019. Populasi penelitian adalah anak barudengan GSA usia 2-5 tahun berdasarkan DSM-5. Subyek dikumpulkan secara konsekutifsampling. Pelaksanan TO-SI yaitu dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu (24 kali), 60menit untuk setiap sesi. Profil perilaku dinilai berdasarkan Vineland Adaptive Behavior-II sebelum dan sesudah TO-SI.Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan pada 36 subjek, 38,9% berusia 3 tahun diikuti usia 2 tahun(33,3%), rasio lelaki dibandingkan perempuan 3 : 1. Sebelum TO-SI, perilaku positifberada pada kategori rendah. Setelah TO-SI, terdapat peningkatan bermakna domainkomunikasi, subdomain ekspresif, reseptif dan tertulis (p<0,001; p<0,001; p<0,001; p0,035) terutama pada kelompok usia 2-4 tahun. Domain sosialisasi, subdomain hubunganinterpersonal serta subdomain waktu luang dan bermain juga meningkat bermakna (p0.001; p<0.001; p,0.001) terutama pada kelompok usia 2 tahun. Tidak terdapatpeningkatan bermakna pada subdomain kemampuan coping, serta domain dan subdomainketerampilan aktivitas harian.Kesimpulan: Kami menemukan bahwa TO-SI dengan kepatuhan teori Ayres yang baikdalam 60 menit, dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu dapat meningkatkan perilakupositif anak GSA usia dini terutama usia 2 hingga 5 tahun

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Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmentaldisorder in social communication, interaction, and restrictive, repetitive pattern ofbehavior (including sensory disorder). Sensory processing disorder yields difficulty inregulating responses to sensation and spesific stimuli which limits the ability toparticipate in normal life routines. Sensory integration occupational therapy (SI-OT) is amethod to increase ability to process and integrate sensory information. Most studiesshowed that SI-OT has low to moderate evidence in older children. Based on clinicalexperience of Pusponegoro, SI-OT might be useful for ASD treatment for children under5 years old. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of SI-OT in improving positivebehavior of children aged 2 to 5 years old with ASD.Methods: A pre-post one group pre-experimental study conducted in Check My Childclinic (CMC) and Klinik Anakku Kelapa Gading on March-October 2019. Studypopulation were recently diagnosed ASD children aged 2 to 5 years old. Subjects werecollected with consecutive sampling. The SI-OT were applied twice a week for 12 weeks(24 times), 60 minutes for each session. Pre and post SI-OT evaluation of positivebehavior profiles were assessed with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II tool.Results: A total of 36 ASD subjects aged 2 to 5 years old were studied. Most subjectswere 3 years old followed by 2 years old (38.9%; 33.3%), boys to girl ratio were 3 to 1.The characateristics of positive bahaviors were all in low category before SI-OT. AfterSI-OT, communication domain and subdomains (expressive, receptive, writtensubdomain) were improved significantly (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001; p 0.035). Theseimprovement were available in age group of 2,3, and 4 years old. Significantimprovements were also achieved in socialization domain (p 0.001) includinginterpersonal relationship subdomain (p<0.001), play and leisure time sudomain(p<0.001), especially in age group of 2 years old. In contrary, subdomain coping skill,daily living skills domain and subdomains were not improving significantly.Conclusions: Good fidelity of Ayres theory SI-OT in 60 minutes, twice a week for 12weeks could improve positive behavior, in communication domain (expressive, receptive,written subdomain) aged 2-4 years old, and socialization domain (interpersonalrelationship, play and leisure time) aged 2 years old."