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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari intellectual capital terhadap kinerja keuangan serta nilai pasar perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan model Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) (Pulic, 1998, 2004; Ghosh dan Mondal, 2009; Yalama, 2013), penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara efisiensi VAIC™ dari 3 (tiga) sumber daya utama perusahaan, yakni: aset fisik, human capital, dan structural capital dengan variabel kinerja keuangan perusahaan (yang diproksikan dengan ROA dan ROE), dan variabel nilai pasar perusahaan (yang diproksikan dengan MBV). Data yang digunakan adalah perusahaan padat intellectual capital di Indonesia, yakni perusahaan sektor otomotif, media dan periklanan, perbankan, bioteknologi, teknologi informasi, perkreditan (selain perbankan), kabel, asuransi, farmasi, properti, layanan telekomunikasi, dan keamanan. Sementara perusahaan tidak padat intellectual capital di Indonesia yakni perusahaan barang dan pakaian, makanan, minuman, dan tembakau, jasa transportasi, pertambangan dan jasa pertambangan, serta perdagangan grosir dan eceran yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2009 – 2018. Pada akhirnya, akan dilakukan komparasi atas hasil dari perusahaan padat intellectual capital dan tidak padat intellectual capital di Indonesia. = The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between intellectual capital, financial performance, and firms market value. By using Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) (Pulic, 1998, 2004; Ghosh dan Mondal, 2009; Yalama, 2013) model, this research examine the relationship between the VAIC™ by 3 (three) major components of firms resources, which are: physical asset, human capital, and structural capital and analyzing the relation between intellectual capital and financial performance variable (proxied by ROA and ROE), and firms market value variable (proxied by MBV). Data are drawn from corporate with High-IC Intensive that are companies from automotive and allied product, media and advertising, banks, biotechnology, computer and services, credit agency (other than banks), cable, insurance, pharmaceutical, property and real estate, telecommunication services, and security industries. Whilst from the Low-IC Intensive, are companies from consumer durables and apparels, foods, beverages, and tobaccos, transportation services, mining and mining services, and wholesale and retail trade that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from the period of 2009 – 2018. Other output will be comparing the results from High-IC Intensive and Low-IC Intensive companies in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intellectual capital (IC) terhadap kinerja keuangan dan kinerja ESG (environmental, social and goverrment) perusahaan dengan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai variabel moderasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan (kecuali sektor keuangan) yang tercatat pada bursa efek di negara-negara ASEAN, yaitu: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippina, Singapura dan Thailand dengan total data observasi sebanyak 784 dalam periode tahun 2016 sampai dengan 2020. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) sebagai proksi dari IC, return on assets (ROA) sebagai proksi dari kinerja keuangan, dan skor ESG dari database Eikon Thomson Reuters sebagai proksi dari kinerja ESG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MVAIC memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan kinerja keuangan, tapi sebaliknya MVAIC berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan kinerja ESG. Dengan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai variabel moderasi, hasil pengujian menunjukkan periode pandemi tidak terbukti memoderasi pengaruh MVAIC terhadap kinerja keuangan dan kinerja ESG. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa dalam kondisi normal sebelum krisis ekonomi akibat COVID-19, perusahaan-perusahaan di ASEAN lebih mengutamakan pemanfaatan IC untuk meningkatkan kinerja keuangan. Sedangkan, dalam masa pandemi COVID-19, perusahaan-perusahaan di ASEAN belum memanfaatkan IC untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepada perusahaan pentingnya IC untuk kinerja keuangan dan kinerja ESG perusahaan baik di masa normal maupun di masa krisis.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firm’s financial performance and ESG (environmental, social and government) performance with the COVID-19 pandemic as a moderating variable. This study uses a sample of companies (except the financial sector) listed on stock exchanges in ASEAN countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand with a total of 784 observational data in the 2016 to 2020 period. This study uses the Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) model as a proxy for IC, return on assets (ROA) as a proxy for financial performance, and ESG scores from the Eikon Thomson Reuters database as a proxy for ESG performance. The results showed that MVAIC had a significant positive relationship with financial performance, but on the other hand, MVAIC had a significant negative relationship with ESG performance. With the COVID- 19 pandemic as the moderating variable, the test results show that the pandemic period was not proven to moderate the influence of MVAIC on financial performance and ESG performance. These results indicate that under normal conditions before the economic crisis due to COVID-19, companies in ASEAN prioritized using IC to improve financial performance. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, companies in ASEAN are not using IC to improve their performance. The implication of this research is to provide understanding to companies about the importance of IC for the company's financial performance and ESG performance both in normal times and in times of crisis."

"Pergeseran dari ekonomi berbasis sumber daya fisik ke ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan telah menyebabkan para peneliti mencari cara baru untuk mengukur aset tidak berwujud, termasuk Intellectual Capital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah A-VAIC (Adjusted Value Added Intellectual Coefficient) yang terdiri dari HCE (Human Capital Efficiency), INVCE (Innovation Capital Efficiency), dan CEE (Capital Employed Efficiency). Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis yang diteliti. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 48 perusahaan bertipe non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa A-VAIC berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Intellectual Capital berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Temuan-temuan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi manajer untuk mengelola Intellectual Capital secara efektif dan efisien, yang mengarah pada kinerja perusahaan yang lebih baik.

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The shift from physical-resource-based economies to knowledge-based economies has caused researchers to look for a new way to measure intangible assets, including intellectual capital. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of Intellectual Capital on a firm’s performance. The method used in this research is A-VAIC (Adjusted Value Added Intellectual Coefficient) which consists of HCE (Human Capital Efficiency), INVCE (Innovation Capital Efficiency), and CEE (Capital Employed Efficiency). The multiple regression analysis is employed to test the hypotheses studied. The sample used in this research is 48 nonfinancial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019. This research found that A-VAIC has a significant positive effect on a firm’s performance. The result shows that Intellectual Capital had positively influenced a firm’s performance. The findings may be used as a reference for the manager to effectively and efficiently manage Intellectual Capital, leading to a better firm’s performance."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari intellectual capital terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan teknologi di empat negara Associations of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) dari Pulic (1998 dan 2004). Di dalam penelitian ini, baik pengaruh VAIC™ maupun unsur-unsur pembentuknya yaitu aset fisik, human capital, dan structural capital terhadap variabel kinerja keuangan perusahaan berdasarkan nilai buku (dengan proksi Net Profit Margin, Return of Assets, dan Return of Equity), dan secara pasar (dengan proksi Market to Book Value). Adapun sampel penelitian menggunakan data 127 perusahaan teknologi di Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia dan Thailand. Perusahaan teknologi yang dimaksudkan adalah perusahaan yang bergerak pada subsektor financial technology, software & Information Technology, dan technology equipment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari structural capital dan aset fisik terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan berdasarkan nilai buku. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan terkait dampak intellectual capital berikut dengan ketiga unsur pembentuknya di antara empat negara ASEAN yang diteliti.

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This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital on the financial performance of technology companies in the four Associations of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. This research uses a quantitative approach using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™️) model from Pulic (1998, 2004). In this study, both the influence of VAIC™️ and its constituent elements, namely physical assets, human capital, and structural capital on the company's financial performance variables based on book value (with Net Profit Margin, Return of Assets, and Return of Equity as proxies), and market value (with Market to Book Value as the proxy). The research sample uses data from 127 technology companies in Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia and Thailand. The technology companies refer to companies engaged in the financial technology, software & Information Technology, and technology equipment sub-sectors. The results of the study show that the structural capital and physical assets affect the company's financial performance based on book value. This study also shows that there are significant differences on the impact of intellectual capital and its three constituent elements amongst the four ASEAN countries that are studied"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh modal intelektual terhadap nilai pasar dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2006-2016. Pengukuran modal intelektual menggunakan model VAIC yang telah dikembangkan oleh Pulic. Selain itu, peneliti juga menguji pengaruh biaya riset & pengembangan, dan biaya pemasaran. Nilai pasar perusahaan disini diukur dengan Market to Book Value, sedangkan, kinerja keuangan perusahaan diukur dengan Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Growth in Revenue, dan Employee Performance. Hasilnya adalah terdapat pengaruh signifikan modal intelektual terhadap MBV, ROE, ROA, dan EP. Sedangkan Growth in Revenue kurang baik untuk dijielaskan oleh modal intelektual, maupun biaya riset & pengembangan, dan biaya pemasaran karena memiliki koefisien determinasi yang selalu rendah.

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This study aims to analyzing the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance of Indonesian public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2006 to2016. The measurement for intellectual capital uses the VAIC model developed by Pulic. This study also employs the cost of research & development, and marketing costs together with VAIC model in relations to company’s financial performance. The market value of the firm is measured by Market to Book Value (MBV), whereas the company's financial performance is measured by Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Growth in Revenue, and Employee Performance (EP). The result shows intellectual capital significantly influence MBV, ROE, ROA, and EP. However, intellectual capital is not influenced by Growth in Revenue, cost of research & development, and marketing costs shown by the weak coefficient determination."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh intellectual capital dan corporate governance terhadap kinerja perbankan di Indonesia. Intellectual capital diukur dengan menggunakan metode Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), sedangkan corporate governance diukur dengan menggunakan nilai komposit self-assessment corporate governance perbankan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa VACA dan VAHU berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perbankan di Indonesia, yang diproksikan oleh ROA dan ROE. Tetapi, corporate governance tidak terbukti memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja perbankan di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga melakukan pengujian untuk masing-masing jenis perbankan, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa VACA perbankan syariah terbukti berpengaruh lebih besar terhadap ROE perbankan.

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This study is aimed to investigate the impact of intellectual capital and corporate governance on bank’s financial performance in Indonesia. Intellectual capital is measured by Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) method, while corporate governance is measured by corporate governance composit value of Banks.

The result indicates VACA and VAHU have influence on bank's performance in Indonesia which proxied by ROE and ROA. However, corporate governance has not significant influence on Banks’s performance. Furthermore, this study examined for each bank’s type, the result shows VACA’s sharia banks proved to be a greater impact on bank's ROE."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh intellectual capital yang diukur dengan efisiensi penciptaan nilai dari intellectual capital dan capital employed terhadap ROA dan Market-to-Book Ratio. Penelitian ini menggunakan data laporan keuangan dan market capitalization dari 120 bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2008. Analisis secara empiris dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil pengujian mengindikasikan bahwa efisiensi dari capital employed dan human capital memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap ROA; efisiensi structural capital memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ROA. Efisiensi capital employed dan structural capital tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Market-to-Book Ratio; efisiensi human capital berpengaruh negatif terhadap Market-to-Book Ratio.

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This research attempts to investigate empirically the impact of intellectual capital measured by value creation efficiency of intellectual capital and capital employed on ROA and Market-to-Book Ratio. This research uses financial and capital market data of 120 banks listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2004 to 2008. Empirical analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression. Findings from empirical analysis indicate that value creation efficiency of capital employed and human capital have a positive impact on ROA; value creation efficiency of structural capital has a negative impact on ROA. Value creation efficiency of capital employed and structural capital have no impact on Market-to-Book Ratio; value creation efficiency of human capital has a negative impact on Market-to- Book Ratio."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan dan nilai pasar perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan model Pulic-Value Added Intellectual Coefficients (VAIC), penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara efisiensi value added (VAIC) dari tiga sumber daya utama perusahaan (aset fisik, human capital, dan structural capital) dengan kinerja keuangan perusahaan (ROE, NPM), pertumbuhan perusahaan (GR), dan nilai pasar perusahaan (MBV). Data yang digunakan adalah perusahaan padat Intellectual Capital, yaitu perusahaan sektor Automotive and Allied, Telekomunikasi, dan Real Estate and Property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2008-2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intellectual capital (VAIC) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan (ROE, NPM), pertumbuhan perusahaan (GR), dan nilai pasar perusahaan(MBV). VACA berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Kinerja keuangan (ROE) dan nilai pasar perusahaan (MBV), sedangkan VAHU hanya berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan (ROE,NPM).

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between intellectual capital, financial performance, Corporate Growth, and fimrs market value. By using Pulic’s- Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC), this research examine the relationship between the efficiency of value added (VAIC) by three major component of firms resources (physical asset, human capital, and structural capital) and explore the relation between intellectual capital and financial performance (ROE, NPM), Corporate Growth(GR), and firms market value (MtBV). Data are drawn from corporate with High-IC Intensive that is Company from Sector Automotive and Allied , Telecommunications, and Real Estate and Property Listed in Indonesia stock Exchange for three years (2008-2010).

The result show that intellectual capital have a significant affect to financial performance (ROE,NPM) , corporate growth (GR), and firms market value (NPM). VACA affect positively the financial performance(ROE) and firms market value (MBV),while VAHU affect positively financial performance(ROE, NPM) only."

"ABSTRAKHampir dua puluh tahun semenjak penelitian di bidang modal intelektual pertama kali berkembang, modal intelektual telah terbukti berperan penting dalam kinerja perusahaan. Namun penelitian modal intelektual cenderung dilakukan pada negara maju dan industri yang bersifat padat modal intelektual. Studi ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi dua tujuan. Pertama, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pemanfaatan modal intelektual dan komponenya pada proses penciptaan nilai tambah yang diukur dari sisi finansial atau moneter bagi perusahaan di industri sektor nonfinansial Indonesia. Kedua, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengaruh modal intelektual lintas industri melalui bukti empiris perusahaan di pasar Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI . Analisis dilakukan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 123 perusahaan dari 24 industri di pasar BEI selama periode 2013-2016. Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient MVAIC digunakan untuk mengukur kontribusi modal intelektual pada proses penciptaan nilai tambah. Nilai tambah diukur pada aspek moneter atau kinerja finansial perusahaan, seperti profitabilitas dan tingkat pengembalian perusahaan menggunakan proksi earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net profit margin, return on asset, dan return on equity. Hasil penelitian studi disimpulkan ke dalam beberapa point penting. Pertama modal intelektual berpengaruh terhadap kinerja finansial perusahaan di Indonesia meskipun pengaruh komponen modal intelektual bervariasi. Kedua, modal manusia dan modal relasi adalah komponen yang paling bermanfaat dan signifikan mempengaruhi profitabilitas dan tingkat pengembalian perusahaan. Tiga, industri padat modal dan rendah modal intelektual tidak memiliki perbedaan pada konteks penggunaan dan pemanfaatan modal intelektual. Keterbatasan penelitian ini terletak pada kekurangan pengukuran kontribusi modal intelektual menggunakan MVAIC dan penggunaan database Thomson Reuters Datastream. Studi ini mengisi kekosongan penelitian modal intelektual lintas industri di Indonesia serta memperkaya penelitian modal intelektual dengan menggunakan MVAIC dan variabel lagged.

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ABSTRACT

For almost twenty years since the first time intellectual capital research been developed, intellectual capital has proven to play a significant role in corporate performance. However, intellectual capital research tend to be done in developed countries and in intellectual capital intensive industries only. The purpose of this research is twofold. First, this research is purposed to analyse the utilization of intellectual capital and its components on the process of creating value added which is measured from the monetary or financial aspect for firm in Indonesian non financial sector industry. Second, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of cross industry to intellectual capital through empirical evidence of the company in Indonesian Stock Exchange IDX market. The analysis is conducted using a sample of 123 companies from 24 industries in the IDX market during the period 2013 2016. Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient MVAIC is used to measure the contribution of intellectual capital to the value creation process. The value added is measured on the monetary or financial performance aspects of the firm, such as profitability and corporate rate of return using proxy earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity. The result entails several important points. First, intellectual capital affects significantly the financial performance of firms in Indonesia although the influence of intellectual capital components varies. Second, human capital and relational capital are the most useful and significant components affecting the profitability and corporate rate of return. Third, intellectual capital intensive industries and low intellectual capital industries have no distinction in the context of the use and utilization of intellectual capital. The limitations of this study lie in the lack of measurement of intellectual capital contribution using MVAIC and the use of Thomson Reuters Datastream database. This study fills a gap of cross industry intellectual capital research in Indonesia and enriches intellectual capital research using MVAIC and lagged variables. "

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital management (indicated by human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) to company’s financial performance (measured by depreciation expenses to sales ratio, operating profit margin, and employee expenses ratio). Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) introduced by Pulic (2000) is used to measure intellectual capital management. Based on 94 samples of listed oil and gas companies in ASEAN and Australia, it shows that intellectual capital has significant correlation over company financial performance.;This research aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital management (indicated by human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) to company’s financial performance (measured by depreciation expenses to sales ratio, operating profit margin, and employee expenses ratio). Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) introduced by Pulic (2000) is used to measure intellectual capital management. Based on 94 samples of listed oil and gas companies in ASEAN and Australia, it shows that intellectual capital has significant correlation over company financial performance., This research aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital management (indicated by human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) to company’s financial performance (measured by depreciation expenses to sales ratio, operating profit margin, and employee expenses ratio). Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) introduced by Pulic (2000) is used to measure intellectual capital management. Based on 94 samples of listed oil and gas companies in ASEAN and Australia, it shows that intellectual capital has significant correlation over company financial performance.]"