Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRACTBackground: the global scale-p of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary factor contributing to the decline in deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses. However, the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) compromises the effects of ART in treatment-naive individuals, which may hinder treatment success. The present study aimed to identify the presence of TDR among treatment-naive individuals in Buleleng, Bali, which is currently ranked sixth among Indonesian provinces with the highest cumulative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection cases. Methods: thirty-nine ART-naive individuals in Buleleng Regency General Hospital were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples from participants were subjected to a genotypic analysis. Results: 28 protease (PR) and 30 reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were successfully amplified and sequenced from 37 samples. HIV-1 subtyping revealed CRF01_AE as the dominant circulating recombinant form in the region. No TDR for PR inhibitors was detected; however, TDR for RT inhibitors was identified in five out of 30 samples (16.7%). Conclusion: these results indicate the emergence of TDR among ART-naive individuals in Buleleng, Bali. This issue warrants serious consideration because TDR may hamper treatment success and reduce ART efficacy among newly diagnosed individuals. Continuous surveillance with a larger sample size is necessary to monitor TDR among ART-naive individuals."

"ABSTRAKInhibitor fusi berpotensi untuk digunakan di masa depan sebagai bagian dari program kontrol HIV di Indonesia. Maka, kemampuan untuk menguji resistensi terhadap obat tersebut perlu dikembangkan. Uji resistensi genotipik dimulai dengan amplifikasi gen yang menjadi target obat, fusi gp41. Pasangan primer untuk amplifikasi dibuat berdasarkan sikuens dua subtipe HIV yang paling sering ditemui di Indonesia, yaitu AE dan B. Beberapa sampel plasma dari subyek yang mewakili kedua subtipe diekstraksi untuk mendapatkan RNA HIV. Dengan proses PCR, pasangan primer digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk amplifikasi. Identitas produk dipastikan dengan mengukur panjang basa produk menggunakan elektroforesis. Sebelas sampel plasma digunakan dalam penelitian ini. PCR satu langkah dapat mengamplifikasi gp41 dari 54.5 sampel, dan produk yang tidak spesifik dihasilkan dari 1.1 sampel. Amplifikasi 36.4 sampel tidak menghasilkan produk amplifikasi, yang dapat disebabkan oleh ketidaksesuaian sikuens primer. Dengan memvariasikan suhu anil, hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu yang optimal adalah 57.2 C. Kesimpulannya, PCR satu langkah menggunakan pasangan primer yang telah didesain mampu mengamplifikasi gen gp41 HIV-1 dari subtipe AE dan B. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menemukan kondisi yang dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas amplifikasi perlu dilakukan.

---

ABSTRACTFusion inhibitor has the potential to be used in the future for HIV control program in Indonesia, hence the capacity to test resistance towards this drug needs to be built. Resistance detection by genotypic assay begins with amplification of gene targeted by the drug, fusion gp41. Based on the sequence of two most common HIV subtypes in Indonesia, AE and B, a primer pair is designed. Some subjects plasma samples representing both subtypes are extracted to obtain HIV RNA. With PCR process, the primer pair is used to produce amplification product which identity is checked by length using electrophoresis. Eleven plasma samples were used in this research. One step PCR using the primer pair was able to amplify gp41 gene from 54.5 of the samples, and unspecific amplification product is seen in 1.1 of samples. Amplification of 36.4 of the samples failed to produce any product, which can be caused by inappropriate primer sequence. By varying the annealing temperature, it is found that the optimal annealing temperature to produce single expected band is 57.2 C. In conclusion, with one step PCR method the primer pair designed was able to amplify HIV 1 gp41 gene from subtype AE and B. However, further research to find condition that can increase the sensitivity and specificity of the amplification process should be done."

"Treatment with antiretroviral drugs is the most clinically successful strategy for preventing HIV progression to AIDS. But some patients who have received antiretroviral treatment of undesirable effects are the presence of mutations and virus selection reacted to one or more antiretroviral drugs. Drug resistance testing is extremely important for the management of ART therapy failure in HIV patients. The commercial genotypic tests are too expensive to be used in low income countries. In house method for reverse transcriptase and protease was available in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to develop in house method for integrase inhibitor and evaluated by the analytical sensitivity and specificity, accuracy and reproducibility. First, primer designed and followed by testing primer in specificity comparing to Hepatitis C HCV RNA and total cellular RNA from PBMC. Sensitivity assay was assessed by serial dilution of HIV viral load and several subtypes of HIV 1. Precision and linearity were carried out on 3 replicates of samples from sensitivity. Accuracy was assessed by comparing 5 samples from HIVDR proficiency testing TAQAS and sequences generated by in house method. The primers specific only to HIV. Stable test sensitivity up to 1000 copies ml viral load and sensitive to all tested HIV 1 subtypes. accuracy shows 100 sequence results identic with TAQAS panels.

---

Terapi antiretroviral merupakan strategi yang paling berhasil secara klinis untuk mencegah progresi HIV ke AIDS. Tetapi pada beberapa pasien yang telah menerima pengobatan antiretroviral terjadi mutasi dan seleksi virus akibat pengobatan. Uji genotyping sangat penting untuk manajemen kegagalan terapi ARV pada pasien HIV. Tes genotyping komersial terlalu mahal untuk digunakan di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Metode in-house untuk reverse transcriptase dan protease telah tersedia di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode in-house untuk inhibitor integrase dan dievaluasi dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, akurasi, presisi reprodusibilitas. Pertama, primer dirancang dan diikuti dengan pengujian primer pada spesifisitas yang membandingkan RNA Hepatitis C HCV dan total RNA seluler dari PBMC. Uji sensitivitas dinilai dengan dilusi berseri viral load HIV dan beberapa subtipe HIV-1. Presisi dan linearitas dilakukan pada 3 ulangan sampel dari sensitivitas. Akurasi dinilai dengan membandingkan 5 sampel dari uji profisiensi HIVDR TAQAS dan sekuen yang dihasilkan dengan metode in-house. Primer hanya spesifik untuk HIV. Sensitivitas tes stabil sampai viral load 1000 kopi/mL dan sensitif terhadap semua subtipe HIV-1 yang diuji. Keakuratan menunjukkan hasil urutan 100 identik dengan panel TAQAS."

"ABSTRACTBackground: antiretroviral drug-related liver injury (ARLI) is a drug-induced hepatotoxicity due to antiretroviral medication (ARV). It commonly disrupts compliance to treatment and causes treatment discontinuation in HIV-infected patients. Several studies have been conducted on predisposing factors for ARLI including studies on body mass index (BMI) and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4). The association of BMI and CD4 with ARLI remains controversial as previous studies have demonstrated different outcomes. Our study was conducted to identify the association of low baseline BMI and CD4 cell count as risk factors for ARLI in HIV-infected patients. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 75 patients with HIV-AIDS who received ARV therapy using fixed-dose combination (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) at the Teratai HIV outpatient clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung city. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test was performed prior to starting ARV treatment and the test was repeated on the sixth month of therapy. Results: there was no significant difference on the proportion of low baseline CD4 count between ARLI and non-ARLI group (p=0.155). Bivariate analysis demonstrated that regarding the proportion of low baseline BMI, there was a significant difference between ARLI and non-ARLI group (p= 0.001). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 increased the risk for developing ARLI by 5.53 fold; while CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/µL did not the risk. Conclusion: our study indicates that low baseline BMI may increase the risk for developing ARLI; while low baseline CD4 cell count does not; therefore, we suggest that ALT test should be performed on a routine basis among HIV-AIDS patients for early detection of ARLI, particularly in patients with low BMI."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakteristik informan, pendidikan dan usia pasangan informan, faktor individu serta faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi perilaku memilih pasangan kolok. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada pasangan informan kolok sebagai informan, Kepala Desa, Kepala Adat, Ketua Paguyuban kolok, dan pasangan kolok yang menikah dengan pasangan normal sebagai informan kunci pada penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis dengan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor individu yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku memilih pasangan adalah self efficacy, pengetahuan mengenai kolok, pengetahuan mengenai perkawinan dan sikap terhadap perkawinan tersebut. Sedangkan faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh adalah keluarga dan kebudayaan Bali pada proses perkawinan. Selain itu, rendahnya self efficacy pasangan informan mempengaruhi keputusan pasangan untuk tidak mau menikah dengan orang normal. Penulis menyarankan agar ditingkatkannya pendidikan dan konseling dalam persiapan perkawinan khusus bagi kelompok kolok di Desa Bengkala.

---

This study is aimed to obtain information about informants’ characteristics, level of education, their partner’s age, both individual and environmental factors which influenced the behaviour on selecting a deaf spouse. A qualitative research approach with a case study design was employed. Four selected deaf couples were selected as informants. The head of village, traditional leader, chairman of deaf associaton, and deaf people who were selected as key informants. Data were collected using an in-depth interview technique and were analyzed by content analysis method.

The result showed that individual factors affects a deaf spouse selection behavior were self efficacy, knowledge concerning kolok, knowledge and attitude toward marriage. Meanwhile, the environmental factors affects the spouse selection were family and Balinese culture relevant to marriage. Furthermore, their low level of self efficacy among the deaf couple influenced their decision in marrying a normal spouse. It is strongly recommended to develop education and councelling regarding marriage and their consequences among the single kolok community."

"ABSTRACTUntuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan penggunaan obat anti-integrase sebagai pengobatan infeksi HIV-1 di Indonesia, pengembangan uji resistensi genotipik untuk anti-integrase sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi profil genetik resistensi obat untuk galur HIV-1 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamplifikasi daerah sasaran dalam gen integrase yang mengandung mutasi genetik yang diketahui dapat menimbulkan resistensi terhadap obat anti-integrase dari HIV-1 subtipe CRF01_AE dan B di Indonesia. Sebelas sampel plasma dari individu terinfeksi dengan HIV-1 diperoleh dari arsip di PRVKP FKUI-RSCM. Salah satu sampel plasma mengandung HIV-1 subtipe B sedangkan sampel plasma lainnya mengandung subtype CRF01_AE. Daerah sasaran untuk semua sampel telah diamplifikasi melalui RT-PCR, dengan suhu anil 55 C menggunakan pasangan primer AE_POL 4086F dan AE_POL 5232R yang telah dirancang oleh VCPRC FKUI -RSCM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, 18,2 2/11 dari sampel berhasil diamplifikasi melalui RT-PCR satu langkah. Pasangan primer tersebut efektif untuk mengamplifikasi wilayah sasaran dalam urutan gen integrase untuk subtipe B 100 ; 1/1 tetapi memiliki efektivitas yang rendah 10 , 1/10 untuk subtipe CRF01_AE. Primer pasangan dapat digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi wilayah sasaran di HIV-1 subtipe CRF01_AE dan B di Indonesia. Namun, optimasi kondisi PCR dan jumlah sampel yang lebih banyak diperlukan untuk menentukan efektivitasnya dengan akurat.

---

ABSTRACTIn order to anticipate the potential use of anti integrase drugs in Indonesia for treatment of HIV 1 infection, the development of a drug resistance genotyping assay for anti integrase is crucial in identifying the genetic drug resistance profile of Indonesian HIV 1 strains. This experiment was aimed to amplify a target region in the integrase gene of Indonesian HIV 1 subtypes CRF01 AE and B that contain genetic mutations known to confer resistance to anti integrase drug. Eleven archived plasma samples from individuals living with HIV 1 were obtained from VCPRC FKUI RSCM laboratory. One of the plasma sample contain HIV 1 subtype B while the remaining plasma samples contain subtype CRF01 AE. The target region for all samples were amplified through RT PCR, with an annealing temperature of 55 C using the primer pair AE POL 4086F and AE POL 5232R that were designed by VCPRC FKUI RSCM. Based on the results of this experiment, 18.2 2 11 of the samples were successfully amplified through one step RT PCR. The primer pair was effective in the amplifying the target region in integrase gene sequence for subtype B 100 1 1 but it has a low efficacy 10 , 1 10 for subtype CRF01 AE. In conclusion, the primer pair can be used to amplify the target region in Indonesian HIV 1 strains subtypes CRF01 AE and B. However, optimization of PCR condition and the use of more samples are required to determine its efficacy accurately."

"HIV/AIDS adalah salah satu penyakit menular seksual yang paling umum di dunia, jumlah kasus di Indonesia cenderung fluktuatif namun terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Sejauh ini, belum ditemukan obat yang dapat membunuh virus HIV, tetapi terapi antiretroviral (ART) yang sangat aktif, yang menggunakan kombinasi beberapa obat antiretroviral, merupakan lini pertama untuk menekan replikasi virus HIV. Terapi antiretroviral bertujuan untuk mengurangi laju penularan HIV di masyarakat, menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas, meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka yang terinfeksi, memulihkan atau mempertahankan fungsi kekebalan tubuh, dan menghambat proliferasi virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jumlah penggunaan obat antiretroviral berdasarkan jenisnya, prevalensi jenis kelamin dan usia, serta ketepatan dosis antiretroviral pasien rawat jalan HIV/AIDS di RSUP Fatmawati pada tahun 2022. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah mengumpulkan data pasien HIV/AIDS rawat jalan di RSUP Fatmawati dari Januari hingga Desember 2022 dan mengolahnya menggunakan diagram lingkaran dan batang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi obat antiretroviral dan obat non antiretroviral sesuai dengan dosis pengobatan tatalaksana HIV/AIDS. Pada tahun 2022, tenofovir + lamivudine + dolutegravir akan memiliki tingkat penggunaan obat antiretroviral tertinggi, terhitung 18,3%. Sebagian besar pasien yang menerima terapi antiretroviral adalah laki-laki (70%), dan distribusi usia tertinggi pada usia 35-45 tahun (43,5%)

---

HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health concern globally, and Indonesia has experienced a fluctuating yet persistent increase in HIV/AIDS cases. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is the mainstay treatment for HIV, composed of a combination of antiretroviral drugs that inhibit HIV replication. Antiretroviral therapy aims to reduce HIV transmission, decrease morbidity and mortality rates, enhance the quality of life for HIV patients, restore or maintain immune function, and suppress viral proliferation. This study aims to evaluate the utilization of antiretroviral drugs based on their types, assess the prevalence of gender and age distribution, and examine the adherence to antiretroviral dosages among HIV patients at RSUP Fatmawati in 2022. Data pertaining to HIV patients receiving treatment at RSUP Fatmawati during January to December 2022 were collected and analyzed using pie charts and bar graphs. Among the various antiretroviral drug combinations, Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir was the most extensively prescribed in 2022, accounting for 18.3% of cases. The majority of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy were male (70%), with the highest proportion falling within the age group of 35 to under 45 years (43.5%).This evaluation highlights a satisfactory adherence to prescribed antiretroviral drug regimens and emphasizes the prevalence of Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir as the primary therapeutic combination in 2022. Furthermore, it underscores the predominance of male patients receiving antiretroviral treatment and emphasizes the importance of addressing HIV/AIDS management in the age group between 35 and under 45 years."

"Terapi antiretroviral mampu menekan replikasi HIV, mencegah morbilitas dan mortalitas. Kepatuhan pengobatan dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kesuksesan terapi, mencegah resistensi obat antiretroviral dan risiko penularan HIVDR ditengah masyarakat. Efek samping obat antiretroviral umumnya terjadi pada 3 bulan pertama setelah inisiasi yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan pengobatan pasien di tahun pertama pengobatan antiretroviral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek samping obat antiretroviral lini pertama terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan pasien HIV/AIDS di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso tahun 2010-2015. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif berbasis rumah sakit dimana sebanyak 376 naïve-patient HIV/AIDS dipilih sebagai sampel dan diamati selama 12 bulan setelah inisiasi ART. Kepatuhan pengobatan diukur dengan dua metode yaitu berdasarkan self report dan ketepatan waktu ambil obat. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression dengan perangkat lunak STATA12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek samping obat ARV lini pertama berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan minum obat (RR12=1,45, 95% CI 1,009?2,021 dan RR34=0,85, 95% CI 0,564-1,273) namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan ambil obat (RR12=1,23, 95% CI 0,851-1,839 dan RR34=0,70, 95% CI 0,437-1,108).

---

Antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, preventing morbidity and mortality. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is needed to achieve successful treatment, prevent resistance to antiretroviral drugs and the risk of transmission of HIVDR in the community. The side effects of antiretroviral drugs generally occur in the first 3 months after initiation that could affect adherence in the first year of antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study analyzed the effect of first-line antiretroviral side effect and adherence of HIV/AIDS patients in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso period 2010 until 2015.

This study is hospital based retrospective cohort. A total of 376 HIV/AIDS naïve-patient had been selected as samples. Adherence was measured by two methods, based on self report and drug pick-up. Data was analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression with STATA12 software. Based on self report, HIV/AIDS patients who experience first-line ARV drugs side effect significantly associated with non-adherent (RR12=1.45, 95% CI 1.009 to 2.021 and RR34=0.85, 95% CI 0.564 to 1.273). Based on drug pick up, patients who experience first-line ARV drugs side effect not significantly associated with non-adherent (RR12=1.25, 95% CI 0.851 to 1.839 and RR34=0.70, 95% CI 0.437 to 1.108)."

"Pola pekarangan masyarakat desa Pakraman di Bali, didasari atas konsep Tri Hita Karana. Konsep tersebut mengatur ruang pekarangan untuk menciptakan hubungan yang harmonis dengan sang pencipta (Parahyangan), manusia (Pawongan) dan lingkungan (Palemahan). Penelitian ekologi pekarangan dilakukan di desa Pakraman, Buleleng Bali bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekayaan dan keanekaragaman serta menggali informasi mengenai potensi pemanfaatan spesies tanaman pekarangan. Penelitian ini mencakup keanekaragaman, persepsi dan pengetahuan pemanfaatan spesies tanaman pekarangan pada tiga lokasi altitude (h) yaitu daerah altitude rendah (h≤500 m dpl), altitude menengah (500