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"ABSTRACTIn discussions on exchange, money is often seen as a medium of exchange and a universal equivalent in the circulation of commodities, as well as an object in gift exchange. Yet, in the case of the management of copra that we researched on the island of Seram, money becomes a factor in shaping a dynamic of gift continuity and transformation in the realm of the copra economy (in this context of masohi custom). It is money that promotes both the use and erosion of masohi custom. Masohi is a tradition of community work on the island of Seram and is based on non-capitalist social relations and the principal of reciprocal exchange. This article seeks to describe how money,originally a capitalist medium, serves to simultaneously preserve and transform masohi custom, which, at its essence, is a non-capitalist institution."

"This text is a comprehensive introduction to research methods in social and cultural anthropology. The Peltos focus their discussion on the essential elements of preparing and analyzing the supporting evidence from which generalizations about human nature are derived. The specific elements of anthropological research - such as interviewing informants, observing ceremonial behaviour, and designing surveys - are all covered, but the primary aim is to show how basic observations can be systematically translated into socio-cultural generalizations. The authors place strong emphasis not only on quantification and statistics, but also on the more qualitative aspects of anthropological working styles that are essential to effective research. The two main themes of the book can be stated as follows: (1) anthropological generalizations and more complex theoretical structures can be built up only through careful implementation of basic concepts, the building blocks of all theory, and (2) successful description and hypothesis testing depend on the judicious mixing of quantitative and quantitative research materials. The second edition, in which Professor Gretel Pelto has collaborated with her husband, expands the discussion of tools of research and offers a more comprehensive analysis of current ideas concerning the 'theory-building' process. An entirely new chapter has been added on the research methods and relevance of applied anthropology. Throughout the text, many new and updated examples are cited to illustrate statistical and methodological approaches to anthropological research."

"This article introduces two interconnected approaches to provenance research on anthropological facial plaster-casts taken from living individuals. It focuses on three series of facial casts taken by Dutch anthropologist Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan (1875-1971) in the Netherlands East Indies in 1907 and 1910. It suggests that “reading” the facial casts as an archive of faces and an archive of plaster has the potential to reveal information systematically left out in their object biographies. Through this reading process, the colonial networks of control and power asymmetries which made the plaster-casting possible are examined. It seeks out additional information to bring the object closer to the person whose face was appropriated for various colonial ends. This epistemological experiment explores the first steps which can be taken to create a decolonial view of the large anthropological plaster-cast collections in European museums which have been left anonymous for decades."

"Artikel ini mengambil “komoditas” sebagai isu utama, dengan fokus pada dinamika produksi komoditas kopra di Yainuelo, pulau Seram. Mengikuti Escobar (1995) dan Tsing (2005), saya melihat dinamika produksi komoditas sebagai “arena produksi budaya”. Sebagai komoditas, kopra bukanlah entitas material yang statis seperti dibayangkan oleh ilmu ekonomi moderen. Artikulasi dan pemaknaan komoditas kopra oleh pengelola kopra selalu berubah-ubah dalam lintasan sejarah komoditas pada level produksi. Artikel ini memposisikan kopra seperti Rudyansjah melihat “kekuasaan”. kopra seperti kekuasaan, tidak pernah terperagakan dalam wujud yang final dan selalu di-dialog-kan oleh berbagai aktor dengan kepentingannya masing-masing pada bentangan ruang dan waktu yang panjang. Artikel ini berupaya mengungkapkan transformasi dan kontinuitas budaya yang muncul dalam lintasan sejarah produksi komoditas pada rentang waktu - yang dalam istilah Braudel disebut “conjuncture” (satu abad). Mengikuti logika konseptual “lanskap budaya” yang diajukan oleh Rudyansjah untuk melihat kopra, saya melihat fenomena transformasi dan kontinuitas budaya muncul secara berkelindan dalam kehidupan komoditas di Yainuelo. Dalam kajian ini, saya juga berusaha memahami “friksi” yang menjadi bingkai dari proses transformasi dan kontinuitas budaya pada dinamika komoditas kopra di Yainuelo.

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This article examines “commodity” by focusing on the dynamics of producing copra commodity in Yainuelo, Seram Island. Following Escobar (1995) and Tsing (2005), I see the dynamics of copra production as “cultural production arena”. As a commodity, copra is not an unchanging material as imagined by modern economics. Its meaning and articulation always changes under the historical trajectory of its production. This article positions copra the way Rudyansjah sees power: never enacted in final form and always under dialogical interactions of various actors in their respective interest crossing a range of space and time. This article attempts to reveal cultural transformation and continuity that appears on a historical trajectory of commodity production under a certain range of time - termed by Braudle as "conjuncture" (a century). Using conceptual logics of "cultural landscape" /"landscape of culture" proposed by Rudyansjah to understand copra, I see the phenomenon of transformation and continuity appear entangled in the life of commodity in Yainuelo. In this study, I also attempt to understand "friction" that frames the process of cultural transformation and continuity within the dynamics of copra commodity in Yainuelo."

"This essay is a preliminary study on a series of a book illustration by dutch illustrator,the late W.K de Bruin (1871-1945) ,which was printed in the book of Roesdi djeung Misnem:....."

"The tradition of illustrated writing and drawing was found in the old manuscripts of Indonesia...."