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"The availability of clean water is a large part of the main problem in the area of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Eventhough there is correlation between factors of adequate water, health and economic development. One area that represents this condition is in the village of Labuan Bajo. The enchantment of the tourist island of Flores found in West Manggarai Regency, where Labuan Bajo is the gateway to entering the tourist charm is a place that tourists really want to visit. As a government effort to tighten border supervision and safeguards the Labuan Bajo maritime, the government formed the Indonesian Navy post. Therefore, the availability of clean water is needed in the area, besides to meet the needs of the Labuan Bajo community, improve facilities and infrastructure to bring in many tourists, also for fulfilling the logistical support of the Navy's headquarters. To meet water needs, there are 2 options that are expected to solve the problem, namely (1) mapping of underground water in the village of Labuan Bajo and pumping it using electric power from the voltaic photo results, and (2) when there is no item (1) then pumping water from the reservoir is available at a distance about 3 km from the village of Labuan Bajo. Considering the contour of the area, the needed to make new reservoirs and water pumping systems from the reservoir available, so that an adequate level of water is obtained for drain water to the village. Mapping of underground water is carried out with using the geoelectric method. If option 1 is successful, then the system that is built can be used as a model of pumping underground water, mainly in the area of West Manggarai Regency that needed it. Then the water obtained will be processed through the Reverse Osmosis process to produce ready to drink water."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), Financial Development (FD), dan Economic Growth (EG) dengan menggunakan Indonesia, Filipina, dan Malaysia sebagai negara yang akan diteliti. Energi terbarukan telah dianggap sebagai cara yang efektif untuk mengatasi pencemaran lingkungan di negara-negara tersebut. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan kemajuan pengembangan sektor energi terbarukan tergantung pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pasar keuangan. Model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) digunakan untuk menganalisis data panel antara tahun 1990-2020. Studi menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi negatif antara EG dan REC dalam jangka pendek, tetapi positif dalam jangka panjang. Ada interaksi yang ditemukan antara FD dan REC. Hasil studi ini dapat memberikan insight untuk pemerintah agar mengembangkan kebijakan yang meningkatkan investasi di sektor energi terbarukan dengan memberikan keringanan pajak dan insentif keuangan. Pemerintah juga harus menetapkan dan menerapkan teknologi yang lebih hijau untuk perusahaan yang terdaftar dan fokus untuk meningkatkan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan. Sektor keuangan dapat memfasilitasi perusahaan dan pelanggannya melalui penyediaan dana tingkat rendah untuk teknologi energi terbarukan.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), Financial Development (FD), and Economic Growth (EG) by using Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia as case studies. Renewable energy has been considered as an effective way to solve environmental pollution in those countries. Previous studies has shown the progress of renewable energy sector development depends on economic and financial market growth. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to analyze the panel data between 1990-2020. The study shows that there is a negative correlation between EG and REC on short-run, but positive in the long-run. However, there is interactions between FD and REC. That governments should develop policies which increase the investment in the renewable energy sector by giving the tax relief and financial incentive. Governments should also establish and implement greener technologies for listed firms and focus to increase the use of renewable energy sources. The financial sector may facilitate firms and customers through the provision of low rate funds for the latest energy efficient technologies."

"Promoting the development of renewable energy is one of the important strategies for China to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction and energy transition. Although China has successfully developed a large-scale wind power industry, the serious problem of wind energy curtailment has led to the conflicts between decentralization and centralization. Based on this issue, the research questions of this paper are: Under China’s authoritarian regime, why does the Chinese government’s wind power governance mechanism cause the problem of wind energy curtailment to rise and fall periodically? Why does the governance mechanism show an unstable phenomenon of alternating between decentralization and centralization? Based on the authors’ interviews (including face to face interviews and remote interviews) targeting at seven provinces (cities/autonomous areas) in China from July 2014 to June 2022, this research proposes an analytical framework to explain the central and local government’s response strategies and governance cycles, and explores the background behind the local government’s response strategies- the “local routines”action mode. This research finds that when Chinese wind power governance mechanism faces the problem of wind energy curtailment, even if the central government proposes policy indicators and documents, the ultimate goal of local governments’ “local routines” is to maximize their own interests, instead of solving problems effectively. Under the situation that the central and local governments continue to make moves with each other, the problem of wind power curtailment has been characterized by huge fluctuations for a long time, which impacts the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. This study contributes to a renewed understanding of central-local relations and environmental politics in Chinese authoritarian regimes, as well as to explain the puzzling alternating trajectories in the field of governance."

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Pengaturan terkait pengembangan energi menjadi kajian yang penting dilakukan, disebabkan energi menjadi hal yang vital dikuasai dan dilindungi karena menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak. Adanya tumpang tindih regulasi, ketidakpastian hukum, pajak, tenaga kerja, perizinan, serta infrastruktur menyebabkan Indonesia tertinggal dalam mendapatkan investasi asing. Dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif serta aspek ilmiah terhadap legal issue yang diteliti menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, ditemukan bahwa pengaturan pengembangan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) belum mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi, regulasi yang ada masih berfokus pada pemanfaatan EBT, dan pengaturan tarif EBT yang akan berdampak pada kenaikan tarif listrik akan memicu peningkatan inflasi sehingga akan mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan ekonomi. Di sisi lain adanya regulasi pemenuhan pemakaian produk dalam negeri membuat BPP Pembangkit EBT semakin tinggi, ditambah lagi regulasi tarif yang dibawah BPP pembangkit EBT menimbulkan risiko ketidakpastian pengembalian investasi, sehingga kondisi ini tidak mendukung peningkatan investasi EBT di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kebijakan Negara dalam pengaturan EBT, supaya EBT tidak menjadi beban baru bagi keuangan Negara. Selain itu, perlu dibentuk kebijakan EBT setingkat undang-undang yang akan memberikan payung hukum dari kebijakan Negara dalam pengembangan EBT

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Regulation related on energy became an important task to conduct, it is because of energy as a vital part should be managed and protected as it involves many human lives. Overlapping regulation, uncertainty of law, taxes, workers, permitance and infrastructure makes Indonesia left behind and difficult to obtain a foreign investment. With normative law research method and scientific aspect regarding legal issue which examined using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, it was found that regulation of New & Renewable Energy (NRE) governance has not supported economic growth, existing regulation still focus on NRE utilization and NRE tariff that creates a higher electricity tariff will trigger an inflation and affect economic growth. On the other side, Local Content regulation will increase the energy tariff from NRE sector, also the ceiling price regulation  for NRE power producer can not exceed the exsisting cost of electricity, creates a risk of uncertainty in investment returns, so this condition does not support the increase in NRE investment in Indonesia. Therefore, a state policy is needed in regulating NRE, so NRE will not become a state financial burden. In addition, it is necessary to establish an NRE policy at the level of a law that will provide a legal protection for State's policy in developing NRE

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"Alternative energy sources is designed to give the reader, a clear view of the role each form of alternative energy may play in supplying the energy needs of the human society in the near future (20-50 years).The two first chapters on "energy demand and supply" and "environmental effects," set the tone as to why alternative energy is essential for the future. The third chapter gives the laws of energy conversion processes, as well as the limitations of converting one energy form to another. The section on exergy gives a quantitative background on the capability/potential of each energy source to produce power. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are expositions of fission and fusion nuclear energy, the power plants that may produce power from these sources and the issues that will frame the public debate on nuclear energy. The following five chapters include descriptions of the most common renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric) some of the less common sources (e.g. tidal and wave energy). The emphasis of these chapters will be on the global potential of each source, the engineering/technical systems that are used in harnessing the potential of each source, the technological developments that will contribute to wider utilization of the sources and environmental effects associated with their wider use. The last three chapters are: "energy storage," which will become an important issue if renewable energy sources are used widely."

"This is a research-based textbook, in the area of sustainable energy systems and aimed to address some key pillars, better efficiency, better cost effectiveness, better use of energy resources, better environment, better energy security, and better sustainable development. It also includes some cutting-edge topics, such hydrogen and fuel cells, renewable, clean combustion technologies, CO2 abatement technologies, and some potential tools (exergy, constructal theory, etc.) for design, analysis and performance improvement."

"Peningkatan emisi CO2 yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim yang membuat dunia Internasional dan Indonesia berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi CO2. Sektor pembangkit listrik adalah sektor terbesar yang menghasilkan emisi CO2 sehingga perlu adanya pengurangan emisi CO2 di sektor pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan apabila dilakukan investasi di beberapa sektor ketenagalistrikan yang dihasilkan dari energi terbarukan. Dengan menggunakan data SNSE, analisis dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subsitusi dari energi fosil menuju energi terbarukan dan komparasi energi terbarukan mana yang paling menguntungkan secara sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dampak ekonomi dari substitusi investasi dari energi fosil ke energi terbarukan ini adalah negatif dengan mengukur nilai Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) secara keseluruhan. Namun secara sosial yang menggunakan indikator distribusi pendapatan dan tenaga kerja, investasi ini memiliki dampak positif. Sedangkan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan sangat signifikan dalam menurunkan emisi CO2. Untuk studi komparasi, secara ekonomi dan lingkungan, investasi paling menguntungkan apabila dilakukan investasi di PLTP (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi). Sedangkan secara sosial, lebih menguntungkan di PLTA (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air) dan PLTD (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel).

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Increasing of CO2 emissions that cause climate change had made the international and Indonesia agreed to reduce CO2 emissions. The power generation sector is the largest sector that produces CO2 emissions. There is a need to reduce CO2 emissions in the power generation. This study aims to look at the social, economic, and environmental impacts of investments in several power generation from renewable energy. Using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data, the analysis of this study was carried out with the substitution of fossil energy towards renewable energy and the comparison of which is the most beneficial socially, economically, and environmentally renewable energy in the power generation. The economic impact of investment substitution from fossil fuels to renewable energy is negative by measuring overall GDP. However, by using social indicators which calculate labor increasing and income distribution, this investment has a positive impact. On the other hand, it also reduce CO2 emission significantly. For comparative studies, the most beneficial economically and environmentally, is to invest in geothermal power plant. Meanwhile, it’s more profitable socially to invest in hydro and diesel power generation."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara industrialisasi, energi terbarukan, dan emisi karbon pada sampel 9 negara ASEAN periode 1990–2019. Dengan estimasi Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG- ARDL), membuktikan hipotesa EKC dalam analisis jangka pendek dan jangka panjang di ASEAN. Selain itu, energi terbarukan memediasi hubungan antara industrialisasi dan emisi CO2. Dalam jangka pendek, keberadaan hipotesis EKC juga ditemukan di hampir semua anggota ASEAN. Saat menguji efek moderasi energi terbarukan dalam industrialisasi, energi terbarukan dapat mempercepat titik balik emisi CO2 per kapita di Kamboja, Laos, Myanmar, Filipina, Singapura, dan Malaysia. Maka dari itu, negara-negara di ASEAN harus terus meningkatkan sektor industrinya sesuai dengan hipotesis EKC yang divalidasi dalam penelitian ini, dengan tetap mengintensifikasikan energi terbarukan di sektor industri untuk perbaikan lingkungan.

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This research examines industrialisation, renewable energy, and carbon emissions in 9 ASEAN nations from 1990 to 2019. Based on Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) estimate, short- and long-term studies reveal ASEAN has EKC. Renewable energy also mediates industry value add-CO2 emissions. Short-term, most ASEAN members support the EKC theory. Renewable energy can change the turning point of CO2 emissions per capita in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia throughout industrialisation. Thus, switching to renewable energy might mitigate ASEAN’s environmental damage from development. According to the models’ EKC hypothesis, regional nations should keep boosting their industry sector. ASEAN energy target nations must deploy renewable energy in industry sectors for environmental benefits.

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"Pulau Sebesi memiliki permasalahan dalam pemenuhuan kebutuhan listriknya. Saat ini Pulau Sebesi menggunakan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel untuk mensuplai listrik yang hanya mengalir selama enam jam per hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengembangan sistem energi terbarukan yang layak di wilayah Pulau Sebesi, Provinsi Lampung. Untuk mendapatkan sistem energi yang optimal adalah dengan melakukan permodelan biaya ekonomi untuk konfigurasi sistem dan pemilihan lokasi yang tepat untuk penempatan sistem. Untuk mendapatkan konfigurasi sistem yang sesuai dengan biaya terendah simulasi dan optimasi dilakuakan menggunakan perangkat lunak HOMER untuk mendapatkan Nilai Biaya Saai Ini (Net Present cost) dan Biaya Energi Terukur (Levelized Cost of energy) sebagai parameter penentu untuk kelayakan ekonomi. Sedangkan untuk kelaykan teknis adalah melakukan analisis wilayah kesesuaian menggunakan metode Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) dengan fuzzy logic. Hasil yang didapatkan dari simulasi dan optimasi HOMER adalah NPC sebesar Rp 62,189 Milyar dan LCoE sebesar Rp 3.909,00. Sedangkan hasil dari SMCA adalah wilayah potensial penempatan sistem dengan total luas 211 Ha. Selain itu didapatkan tiga lokasi optimal untuk masing-masing sistem photovoltaic dan turbin angin dengan melakukan survey lapang hasil validasi dari wilayah potensial yang telah ditentukan. 

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Sebesi Island has problems in meeting its electricity needs. At present Sebesi Island uses Diesel Power Plant to supply its electricity that only available for six hours per day. The purpose of this study was to find out the development of a feasible renewable energy system in the Sebesi Island region, Lampung Province. To get an optimal energy system is to do economic cost modelling for system configuration and the selection of the right location for system placement. To get a system configuration that corresponds to the lowest cost simulation and optimization, the HOMER software is used to obtain the Net Present Cost and Measured Cost of Energy as the determining parameters for economic feasibility. Whereas for technical feasibility is to conduct a suitability analysis using the Spatial Multicriteria Analysis method with fuzzy logic. The results obtained from the HOMER simulation and optimization are NPCs of Rp. 62,189,690,000.00 and LCoE of Rp. 3,909.00. While the results of the SMCA are potential areas of system placement with a total area of 211 Ha. In addition, three optimal locations for each PV system and wind turbine were obtained by conducting a field survey of validation results from a predetermined potential area."