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"The community is one of the potential sources for building solidity, strength and defense for the Indonesian people. However, building on the condition of the Indonesian nation's solidity in the midst of current globalization has many challenges. One of them is by trying to condition people who are united in maintaining the solidity of the nation. The research method in this study used literature studies and previous research observation of the author. The result is an analysis of the role of community solidity in managing renewable energy towards energy independence supporting national defense forces, through the implementation of basic energy self-management including: (1) awareness of the importance of citizen solidity in managing renewable energy through solid community participation in a community so as not only normative appeals, but there needs to be clear regulations regarding the active involvement of the community in supporting the 23% renewable energy mix program in 2025; (2) the community becomes the driving force of solidarity in energy management that has succeeded in facilitating other communities in providing energy independently and contributing to the growth of people's economy in supporting national defense."

"Each country has a characteristic personality that becomes the country’s identity. Indonesia is known as a country that has society participation culture. However, the identity is increasingly faded amid globalization today. Whereas, society participation culture is very potential to be a typical culture of Indonesia in mastering the world through the awareness of defending the country for the unity and unity of the nation. Research method used in this study uses literature study and observation of previous authors’ research.This will result in analysis of the application of society participation culturein the management of renewable energy towards energy independence supporting the strength of state defense through the implementation of the basic values of mutual assistance which includes: (1) development, the provision and utilization of jointly renewable energy sources by the community; (2) making the community as a pioneer and innovator who managed to facilitate other communities in providing energy independently and helped mobilize the growing populist economy supporting the country’s defense. Renewable energy management in society participation cultureis expected not only a normative appeal, but there must be a clear regulation of the active involvement of the community in supporting the achievement of 23% renewable energy mix by 2025. The need to optimize the strengthening of coordination, evaluation and ongoing supervision between the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, The Ministry of Village, the Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration as well as the Ministry of Defense so that the development of society participation culture by society can create sustainable renewable energy management in the form of state defense."

"Tekanan globalisasi yang dilihat sebagai ekspansi pasar global memberikan konsekuensi terhadap pembagian kerja internasional yang menekan negara. Negara berkembang seperti Indonesia memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam merespon tekanan globalisasi akibat terspesialisasi dalam peran penyokong komoditas. Penelitian ini melihat respon Indonesia terhadap tekanan globalisasi melalui rezim kesejahteraan. Pudarnya commodity boom (ledakan komoditas) membuat Indonesia melakukan penyesuaian model rezim kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka model rezim kesejahteraan dari Rudra (2008) beserta perubahannya pada negara berkembang. Argumen yang dibangun adalah tidak terjadi perubahan model rezim kesejahteraan di Indonesia walaupun terdapat perubahan institusi jaminan sosial. Pudarnya ledakan komoditas berdampak kepada cakupan masyarakat yang mendapatkan akses bantuan sosial. Kelompok missing middle merupakan kelompok yang paling terdampak dalam tekanan globalisasi di Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumen secara daring dengan menggunakan jenis data primer dan sekunder yang bersumber dari literatur akademik, laporan, maupun media massa.

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The pressure of globalization, seen as the expansion of global markets, has consequences for the international division of labor that puts pressure on the state. Developing countries such as Indonesia have different abilities in responding to globalization pressures due to specialization in supporting commodities. This research examines Indonesia responds to globalization pressures through the welfare regime. The fading of the commodity boom made Indonesia adjust its welfare regime. This study uses the welfare regime model framework from Rudra (2008) and its changes in developing countries. This paper argues that there has been no change in the model of the welfare regime in Indonesia, even though there have been changes in social security institutions. The fading of the commodity boom impacted the range of people accessing social security. The missing middle group is the group most affected by the pressures of globalization in Indonesia. The data collection technique used in this study was an online document study using primary and secondary data sources from academic literature, reports, and the mass media."

"The paper in essence aims to highlight the transformation of state character in Indonesia as a result of globalization. The framework of analysis employed to highlight the transformation is through comparing the concept of nation-state and that of market-state. The paper argues that in terms of character the concept of nation-state has been slowly removed from policy making and in place of it the concept of market-state has gained more currency. "

"Ibukota Nusantara (IKN), merupakan kota dengan prinsip sebagai kota cerdas (smart city) adalah suatu kawasan yang menerapkan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan sebagai penopang kebutuhan energi listrik bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di dalamnya. Pada penelitian kali ini, akan dilakukan 1) studi terkait pemilihan konfigurasi pembangkit listrik berbasis energi terbarukan di IKN yang optimum, 2) pengembangan konseptual desain sistem energi berbasis smart grid, 3) analisis siklus hidup ekonomi dari sistem energi terbarukan di IKN, serta 4) analisis pengelolaan tenaga listrik di wilayah IKN. Hasil optimisasi konfigurasi EBT dengan menggunakan HOMER Pro menghasilkan konfigurasi berupa penggunaan PLTS sebesar 12,80 GW; PLTA 800 MW, baterai sebesar 12.008 modul, dan konverter sebesar 4.832 MW. Perancngan desain konseptual smart grid dilakukan dengan membuat konsep desain dari penggunaan smart grid untuk penggunaan listrik berbasis energi terbarukan. Komponen di dalam smart grid terdiri dari komponen pembangkit, kompoenen transmisi dan substation, dan komponen sistem distribusi. Analisis keekonomian didapatkan nilai dari Net Present Cost (NPC) sebesar USD 66,203,478,323, dan nilai LCOE (Levelized cost of Energy) adalah sebesar 0,34 USD/kWh. Untuk mencapai nilai Internal Rate of Return acuan sebesar 8.75%, maka nilai tarif listrik keekonomian yang perlu dikenakan adalah 0,63 USD/kWh, dengan payback period 14 tahun. Analisis skema pengelolaan tenaga listrik dilakukan terhadap skema pengelolaan tenaga listrik dengan opsi pemegang wilayah usaha (wilus) dimiliki oleh Badan Usaha Otorita (BUO) IKN, dan PT. PLN. Dari analisis kedua skema ini, didapatkan skema pemilik wilus oleh BUO IKN memiliki strategi yang lebih baik, karena menghasilkan nilai strategi pencapaian komponen SO (Strength Opportunities) yang lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan nilai strategi untuk menghilangkan kelemahan dan ancaman, WT (weakness threats). Untuk analisis skema pemilik wilus oleh PLN akan menghasilkan nilai strategi pencapaian komponen SO (Strength Opportunities) yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan nilai strategi untuk menghilangkan WT (weakness threats) sehingga akan membutuhkan usaha yang lebih besar.

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Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), envisioned as a smart city, is a region that implements the use of renewable energy resources to support the electricity needs of its residents. In this study, will conduct 1) a study on the selection of the optimum renewable energy-based power plant configuration in IKN, 2) the development of a conceptual design for a smart grid-based energy system, 3) an economic life cycle analysis of the renewable energy system in IKN, and 4) an analysis of electricity management in the IKN region. The optimization of the renewable energy configuration resulted in a configuration that includes the use of a 12.80 GW solar power plant (PLTS), 800 MW hydropower plant (PLTA), 12,008 battery modules, and a 4,832 MW converter. The conceptual design of the smart grid involves creating a design concept for the use of a smart grid for renewable energy-based electricity usage. The components within the smart grid include generation components, transmission and substation components, and distribution system components. The economic analysis yielded a Net Present Cost (NPC) of USD 66,203,478,323, and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of USD 0.34/kWh. To achieve the target Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 8.75%, the required economic electricity tariff is USD 0.63/kWh, with a payback period of 14 years. The electricity management scheme analysis was conducted on the management schemes with the option of the business area holder (wilayah usaha/wilus) being owned by the Badan Usaha Otorita IKN (BUO) and PT. PLN. From the analysis of these two schemes, it was found that the scheme with BUO IKN as the wilus owner would result in a higher value of the SO (Strength Opportunities) strategy development compared to the value of the WT (Weakness Threats) strategy elimination. For the scheme with PLN as the wilus owner, it would result in a lower value of the SO (Strength Opportunities) strategy component development compared to the value of the WT (Weakness Threats) strategy eliminiation, thus requiring greater effort."

"Inefficient energy use in buildings is both increasingly expensive and unsustainable. Indeed, the reduction of the energy consumption of existing buildings is as least as important as the design of new low-energy buildings. Controlling energy use is one thing, but it is important to assess or estimate it, and to understand the range of interventions for reducing its use and the methods for assessing the cost effectiveness of these measures. This comprehensive guide clearly and concisely covers the various issues from a theoretical standpoint and provides practical, worked examples where appropriate, along with examples of how the calculations are carried out. Topics covered include:where and how energy is used in buildings energy audits measuring and monitoring energy use techniques for reducing energy use in buildings legislative issues.It provides a template for instigating the energy management process within an organization, as well as guidance on management issues such as employee motivation, and gives practical details on how to carry it through. This book should appeal to building managers and facilities managers and also to students of energy management modules in FE and HE courses."