"Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan gangguan metabolik yang prevalensinya meningkat secara global dan menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas serta mortalitas. Efektivitas pengobatan antihipertensi, seperti Lisinopril, bervariasi antar populasi, termasuk pada kelompok Melanesia dan non-Melanesia di Indonesia. Perbedaan ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh variasi genetik Renin (rs2887284), ACE-1 (rs4343), Angiotensin-II (rs699) dan epigenetik (ekspresi miR-133 dan miR-155) yang memengaruhi sistem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron (RAAS). Studi sebelumnya belum mengintegrasikan analisis faktor-faktor tersebut secara menyeluruh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil genetik, epigenetik, dan biokimia pada pasien hipertensi setelah pemberian Lisinopril di populasi Melanesia dan non-Melanesia.
Metode: Sampel plasma dan peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) didapat dari 79 pasien hipertensi yang terdiri dari 38 populasi Melanesia dan 41 populasi non-Melanesia. Konsentrasi Plasma Renin, ACE-1, dan ANG-II dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode sandwich ELISA. Pemeriksaan SNP Genotyping rs2887284, rs4343, dan rs699 dianalisis dengan qPCR. Pemeriksaan mikroRNA-133 dan miR-155 dianalisis dengan qPCR. Analisis perbedaan antar populasi menggunakan Mann-Whitney Test. Korelasi miR dengan Level ANG-II menggunakan Spearman Test.
Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan ELISA pada Plasma Renin, ACE1, dan ANG-II menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan konsentrasi Plasma Renin (0,860), ACE1 (0,251), dan ANG-II (0,875) populasi Melanesia dan populasi non-Melanesia. Hasil SNP rs2887284, rs4343, rs699 tidak memiliki perbedaan pada populasi Melanesia dan non-Melanesia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa miR-133 berhubungan secara signifikan dengan konsentrasi ANG-II baik pada Melanesia dan non-Melanesia (p=<0.001). Terdapat korelasi negatif antara miR-133 dengan ANG-II populasi Melanesia (r=-0,538; p=<0,001) dan Non Melanesia (r=-0,649; p=<0,001).
Kesimpulan: Penurunan tekanan darah setelah pemberian Lisinopril lebih rendah pada populasi Melanesia. Polimorfisme rs2887284, rs699, dan rs4343 memengaruhi biomarker RAAS, namun tidak berkorelasi langsung dengan tekanan darah. Ekspresi miR-133 menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan Angiotensin-II antara populasi Melanesia dan non-Melanesia. Ekspresi miR-155 menunjukkan hubungan berbeda terhadap tekanan darah antara populasi Melanesia dan non-Melanesia.
Background: Hypertension is a metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy, such as Lisinopril, varies among populations, including Melanesians and non-Melanesians in Indonesia. This variability is thought to be influenced by genetic polymorphisms in Renin (rs2887284), ACE-1 (rs4343), and Angiotensinogen (rs699), as well as epigenetic regulation through microRNAs (miR-133 and miR-155), all of which are involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Previous studies have not comprehensively integrated these genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical factors. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical profiles in hypertensive patients after Lisinopril administration in Melanesian and non-Melanesian populations.Methods: Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from 79 hypertensive patients, consisting of 38 Melanesians and 41 non-Melanesians. Plasma concentrations of Renin, ACE-1, and Angiotensin-II were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Analysis of rs2887284, rs4343, rs699 using qPCR. Expression of miR-133 and miR-155 was analyzed using qPCR. Inter-population differences were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and the correlation between microRNA expression and Angiotensin-II levels was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test.Results: ELISA analysis showed no significant differences in the plasma concentrations of Renin (p = 0.860), ACE-1 (p = 0.251), or Angiotensin-II (p = 0.875) between Melanesian and non-Melanesian populations. Result of rs2887284, rs4343, rs699 not significant different between Melanesian dan non-Melanesian. miR-133 expression was significantly negative correlated with Angiotensin-II levels in both populations (p < 0.001), showing a negative correlation in Melanesians (r = –0.538; p < 0.001) and non-Melanesians (r = –0.649; p < 0.001).Conclusion: The reduction in blood pressure following Lisinopril administration was lower in the Melanesian population. Polymorphisms in rs2887284, rs699, and rs4343 were associated with variations in RAAS biomarkers but did not show a direct correlation with blood pressure reduction. miR-133 expression negatively correlated with Angiotensin-II levels in both populations, while miR-155 showed differential associations with blood pressure between Melanesians and non-Melanesians."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2025