Penelitian senyawa baru sebagai penghambat DPP-IV untuk agen antidiabetes banyak dilakukan, seperti senyawa turunan asam sinamat. Namun afinitas ikatan senyawa tersebut belum optimal. Pemodifikasian struktur dengan metode in silico berbasis fragmen diperlukan untuk memperbaiki hal tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mendapatkan senyawa baru sebagai penghambat DPP-IV dengan pemodifikasian menggunakan fragmen dan senyawa alternatif yang berpotensi sebagai penghambat DPP-IV berdasarkan kemiripan dengan senyawa hasil modifikasi; menganalisis interaksinya pada makromolekul DPP-IV; memprediksi ADME, toksisitas dan kemudahan sintesis senyawa modifikasi dan senyawa kemiripannya berdasarkan nilai energi ikatan dan konstanta inhibisi. Struktur modifikasi berasal dari fragmentasi senyawa turunan asam sinamat dan fragmen basis data Zinc yang terlebih dahulu ditapiskan terhadap parameter Rule of Three dan Heavy Atom menggunakan program Knime serta penambatan pada masing-masing situs aktif DPP-IV. Hasil modifikasi ditambatkan ulang dengan program PyRx dan dianalisis lebih lanjut berdasarkan ADME, toksisitas, dan interaksi menggunakan SwissADME dan ProTox-II. Struktur rancangan dicari kemiripannya dengan senyawa-senyawa pada basis data PubChem berdasarkan Tanimoto. Hasil modifikasi diperoleh 133 struktur rancangan. Tiga belas struktur memiliki nilai afinitas yang mendekati penghambat DPP-IV. Berdasarkan hasil penambatan dan analisis, struktur38 serta senyawa 15471581 diprediksikan berpotensi sebagai penghambat DPP-IV
Research on new compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors for antidiabetic agent have been carried out, such as cinnamic acid derivates. However, their binding affinity have not optimum. Structure modification using in silico fragment-based method is needed to fix it. The aims of this research are to obtain new compound as DPP-IV inhibitor with modification using fragment and alternative compound that potential as DPP-IV inhibitor based on similarity with the modified compounds; and analyze their interaction in DPP-IV; predict ADME, toxicity, and ease of synthesis based on binding affinity and inhibition constant. Modified structures come from the fragmentation of structure from cinnamic acid derivates and fragments from Zinc database which previously screened against Rule of Three and Heavy Atom using Knime and docked in each DPP-IV active site. The results are docked again with PyRx and analyzed further based on ADME, toxicity, and interactions using SwissADME and ProTox-II. The structures are searched for similarities with compounds in PubChem database based on Tanimoto parameters. The modification result obtained by 133 design structure. Thirteen structures have binding affinity that approach DPP-IV inhibitor. Based on docking and analyze result, structure38 and 15471581 compound are predicted to be potential as DPP-IV inhibitor.
"Dengue fever is a contagious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. WHO reported that south east Asia and the western Pacific region bear nearly 75% of global dengue diseases. The dengue virus poses a global threat affecting 3.9 billion people in 128 countries with an estimated 2.1 million cases of DHF / DSS and 21,000 deaths per year worldwide. In 2015 there were 126,675 dengue cases recorded in 34 provinces in Indonesia, with 1,229 of them dying. The alpha-glucosidase enzyme is a valid antiviral target for enveloped viruses. Inhibition of ER alpha-glucosidase enzyme will interfere the maturation process and function of viral envelope glycoproteins. This inhibits the process of assembling virus particles and their secretions. Inhibition of ER alpha-glucosidase II enzyme is sufficient in antiviral activity of host cells against dengue fever in vitro and in vivo. Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has become a tool for discovering drug leads. The approach first identifies fragments, tiny molecules, which are about half size of common drugs. The fragments are then linked together to generate drug leads. This research used ER alpha-glucosidase II enzyme with PDB ID 5IED. As much as 281 new compounds were developed computationally based on 3D structure of 5IED protein. After molecular docking simulations, toxicity tests, druglikeness tests, pharmacokinetic tests and protein-ligand interactions analyses, three best ligands were chosen namely LB.5 G2D, LO.1 G2D and LX.23 G2D. An LX.23 G2D molecular dynamics simulation showed that three amino acid residues played a very important role in ligand binding to 5IED protein. The amino acid residues were Asp451, Met565 and Asp640.
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