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"ABSTRAKPerilaku pencarian pengobatan pada waria lansia binaan rumah singah waria diketahui melalui pola pengobatan penyakit terakhir yang diderita, penyakit yang tergolong parah, dan penyakit menular seksual. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan tujuan mendalami perilaku pencarian pengobatan pada waria lansia binaan melalui identifikasi hal-hal yang berperan dalam pembentukan persepsi kesehatan, deskripsi persepsi ancaman penyakit, deskripsi persepsi efektivitas pengobatan, penundaan perilaku pengobatan, dan akhirnya bermuara pada perilaku pengobatan yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlunya advokasi oleh rumah singgah terkait bantuan dari pemerintah setempat dalam pelaksanaan baik program kesejahteraan maupun kesehatan untuk binaannya. Selain itu perlu adanya peningkatan kesadaran dari pemerintah setempat untuk lebih sensitif dalam memenuhi hak kesehatan secara menyeluruh termasuk hak kesehatan populasi LGBT yaitu waria lansia.

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ABSTRACT

Health seeking behavior of transgender-waria elderly who are fostered by Rumah Singgah Waria is known through health seeking behavior pattern of illness suffered currently, diseases classified severe, and sexually transmitted diseases. This research is a qualitative study with a case study approach with the aim of knowing deeply about health seeking behavior from identify some aspect which affect formation of health perceptions, perceived threat of disease, perceived treatment effectiveness, treatment delay behavior and end up with treatment behavior. The result of the study suggest the need for advocacy from shelter about local government support in implementation whether welfare or health programs for their fostered. In addtion, there need of increasing awareness of local government to be more sensitive in fulfilling overall health rights including the LGBT population right, especially elderly transgender."

"Transgender adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpengaruh oleh epidemic HIV dan 49 kali lebih mungkin untuk hidup dengan HIV dibandingkan populasi umum. Data dari Amerika Latin dan Karibia menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi HIV jauh lebih tinggi pada pekerja seks transgender wanita dibandingkan pada pekerja seks pria dan wanita non-transgender.

Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan menjual seks dengan status HIV pada waria di Indonesia yang merupakan analisis lanjut dari data STBP tahun 2015. Penelitian ini adalah studi crosssectional. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 867 waria yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi HIV sebesar 26.1% dan proporsi menjual seks pada waria dengan status HIV positif sebesar 31,1%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara menjual seks dengan status HIV dengan PR adjusted 1,358 [95% CI: (1,045-1,766)] p-value=0,022. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah waria yang menjual seks 1,358 kali lebih berisiko memiliki status HIV positif dibandingkan dengan waria yang tidak menjual seks setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat IMS.

Transgender is one of the groups with the most HIV epidemics and 49 times more likely to live with HIV than the general population. Data from America and the Caribbean show a much higher HIV prevalence in female transgender sex workers than in male and non-transgender female sex workers.

This thesis discusses the relationship between selling sex with HIV status among transgender in Indonesia which is a further analysis of the 2015 IBBS data. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects in this study were 867 transgender who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The results obtained by HIV prevalence of 26.1% and the proportion of selling sex in transgender with HIV positive status of 31.1%. Multivariate analysis showed an association between selling sex with HIV status with adjusted PR 1.358 [95% CI: (1.045-1.766)] p-value = 0.022. The conclusion of this study is that transgender who sell sex are 1,358 times more likely to have HIV positive status compared to transgender who do not sell sex after being controlled by a variable named STIs. "

"Buku “Sejarah Waria Yogyakarta: Kisah Ketahanan Komunitas Terpinggir” karya Masthuriyah Sa’dan adalah sebuah karya yang membuka mata dan hati tentang perjalanan panjang komunitas waria di Yogyakarta. Ditulis dengan gaya yang sederhana namun penuh makna, buku ini menggambarkan perjuangan komunitas waria dalam menghadapi stigma, diskriminasi, dan tantangan hidup, namun tetap mampu bertahan dengan solidaritas dan kekuatan yang luar biasa."

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 Latar Belakang :  Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) memiliki insidensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia.  KSSRM memiliki faktor risiko yang sangat beragam, di antaranya konsumsi produk tembakau, kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol, konsumsi areca nut, faktor genetik, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin  masih menjadi gold standard dalam diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Derajat diferensiasi KSSRM umum digunakan sebagai kriteria untuk mengklasifikasi keparahan jaringan kanker. Namun, diperlukan gambaran histopatologis lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Pleomorfisme nuklear mengacu pada variasi ukuran dan bentuk inti sel. Peningkatan pleomorfisme nuklear telah diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan keganasan dan metastasis kanker. Jumlah mitosis atau jumlah sel yang sedang mengalami pembelahan, telah dihubungkan dengan keganasan, prognosis yang buruk, dan metastasis pada KSSRM. Infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik didefinisikan sebagai fenomena invasi sel-sel inflamasi seperti limfosit dan plasma pada daerah peritumoral sebagai respons imun tubuh terhadap sel kanker. Penurunan infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik telah diamati memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya metastasis nodus limfa, rekurensi, dan prognosis yang buruk. Analisis hubungan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun strategi perawatan yang lebih komprehensif sesuai dengan karakteristik derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik pasien. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keparahan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitiknya. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Sampel tersebut diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil : Derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hasil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM juga teramati pada derajat pleomorfisme nuklear (r=0,584) dan jumlah mitosis (r=0,675). Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Belum ditemukan pula hubungan yang bermakna antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Kesimpulan : Ditemukan hubungan antara derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Sehingga, makin tingginya derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis akan memperburuk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Namun, belum ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hubungan bermakna juga belum ditemukan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM.

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Indonesia. OSCC has various risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, areca nut use, genetic factor, tumor location, gender, and age. Biopsy and histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining remain the gold standard for diagnosing OSCC. Thus, the histopathological evaluation of OSCC is critical for determining prognosis and appropriate management. The degree of differentiation of OSCC is commonly used as a criterion for classifying the severity of cancer tissue. However, other histopathological features are needed to determine the degree of differentiation in OSCC. Nuclear pleomorphism refers to variations in the size and shape of cell nuclei. Increased nuclear pleomorphism has been associated with higher malignancy and cancer metastasis. The number of mitoses, reflecting the number of cells undergoing division, has been linked to malignancy, poor prognosis, and metastasis in OSCC cases. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is defined as invasion by inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells as part of the body's immune response to cancer cells. A decrease in lymphoplasmacytic infiltration has been observed to correlate with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Analyzing the relationship between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, the number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is necessary to develop more comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to the characteristics of nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in OSCC patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the severity of OSCC based on the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted using OSCC tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. These samples were observed under a light microscope. Results: The degree of nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Positive correlations for nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.584) and mitotic count (r=0.675) with OSCC degree of differentiation. No significant relationship was found (p>0,05) between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Additionally, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Conclusion: An association was found between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Thus, higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis worsen the OSCC degree of differentiation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Similarly, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation.

 

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"ABSTRACTJakarta is the Capital States which have much kind of societies. By seeing from the smallest unit of its society, therefore Jakarta is consisting of immeasurably community. One of them is waria community, which represents small scale of social whereby members could fulfill all their life or some through interdependence relation among them. All members or at least member of them, have tradition or attentions becoming their equality fastener element. They have norm, certainty, and regulation obeyed as a tying and also made guidance to ful fill requirement of its everyday.Waria community has certain marked which differentiating with other communities in Jakarta. Waria represents men which have woman identities, where those identities emerge in interaction as confessed its existence by other people. They have different way in expressing each other identities. The difference of this expression made classifications form related to equality of marking among them. With in performance those classifications would emerge pursuant to each maturity of waria in running the role and express requirement of its soul.As would we saw, the main problem of waria performance was causing of difficulty in determination of gender identity. In this matter they would have 2 conflicts i.e. psychological conflict and social conflict. Psychological conflict was related to adversative desire with the situation of its physical; while social conflict was related to eliminate them from life of ssociation and family and social opportunity to fulfill requirement of its life (in the field of employment).Refer to Goffman (1986:14-5), among 2 existing stigma type i.e. one who is earn to be discreditable and the other one is who discredited. Waria is the one who "discredited stigma". The elimination of waria in social environment and economucs is because of their existence would debased and had made them worked as commercial sex worker for continuing their life. Therefore performance of waria represented product culture of waria as environment response which get stigma to have living and spiritual easiness,which did not outfont the activity context of waria environment and community though"market" in prostitution world.Their performance would see as waria form by classifications based on woman attributeto manipulation man 's body through impression management to identity in everyinteraction. The attribute is to identify him/her self for showing their culture it self.According to context and interaction target, their appearance would selectively conductby them self due to interaction with another community.Comparison within dwelling area, performance in prostitution area would have moreimportant for waria sex worker: Prostitution area is as strength corefor their factual lifein represent interaction place to get money for utilize main requirement of 1%.Interaction at prostitution area became important between waria and service user. Theywould identity each other related to community and their culture. ln this congeniality,waria performance at prostitution area present through separate regulation base oncordidence and knowledge will use as a guidance for life within the classification systemi.e. their own self relevant to environmental with classification of him/her self as awaria, waria service user, visitors and also prestige of waria from prostitution area.Hereby, this original research would not been influence by other researcher who hadpicked the same subject. Dramaturgi concepts from Erving Goffman (1959, 1986) wasinfluenced me in believing that dramaturgi theory as equality among the theater showswith the various role of type where our conduct and everyday interaction. Regarding thisresearch, dramaturgi analysis would pay attention to problem of waria life in Jakartaeveryday as it in an interaction. This theory would be acquainted with 2 importantjunctions in interaction (Goffman 1959: l7-30; Goffman 1959 in Poloma 2002 and Ritzer& Goodman 2004), that is front region and back stage.Parsundi Suparlan (2004a) is also influence me in seeing waria stigma as coherence orequality stigma which sticky attached at some individuals. This would form the identitygroup with their own identity and aim to strengthen or seeking exploration their identitythrough to performance. Transaction, arrangement of categories, space dominationcooperation, emulation, and conflict among themselves are need to have to accommodatethe target market.Approaching dissertation research of this is qualitative (Miles & Huberman I984;Suparlan 1994) where as collecting data, observation and circumstantial interviewedexecuting by participate. ln support of verify and current ethnography detail picture wewere collecting waria datas in Jakarta and taking pictures by handy cam or camera forspecial activity at prostitution area, dwelling area, certain place where doing otheractivities such as field events, mall, Public Square, dangdut shows etc. "

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi HIV pada waria semakin meningkat. Spiritualitas harus dipahami sebagai bagian dari visi holistik kesehatan seseorang karena spiritual melekat dalam diri setiap orang, sehingga semua orang adalah makhluk spiritual. Persimpangan identitas waria menghasilkan pengalaman hidup yg unik, seperti spiritual identities.Tujuan penelitian untuk menggali pengalaman dukungan spiritualwariaODHA. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 15 partisipan waria dengan kriteria positif HIV dan beragama Islam. Hasil penelitian dengan wawancara mendalam menemukan 6 tema : Saat melakukan ibadah, wariamempersepsikan sesuai kodrat laki-laki; Bersyukur dengan kondisi yang waria ODHA miliki; Memohon ampun pada Tuhan dengan beramal baik; Kendala dalam menjalankan ibadah sebagai waria; Pelayanan perawat kurang baik terhadap waria ODHA; Persepsi wariabahwa pelayanan spiritual tidak diberikan oleh perawat dirumah sakit.

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ABSTRACTHIV prevalence among transgender is increasing. Spirituality must be understood as part of the holistic vision of one 39 s health because it is inherent in everyone, so that everyone is a spiritual being. The crossroads of transfemale identity produce a unique life experience, such as spiritual identities. The purpose of the research to explore the experience of spiritual support transfemale with HIV. Research method used approach of phenomenology research. The research involved 15 transfemale participants with HIV and they are Muslim. The results of in depth interviews found 6 themes while performing worship, transfemale perceive the nature of men Grateful to the conditions that transfemale PLWH have Asking God 39 s forgiveness by doing good deeds Constraints in performing worship as transfemale Poor nursing services to transfemale PLWH The transfemale perception that spiritual service is not given by nurses in the hospital. "

"Waria merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang mempunyai resiko tinggi tertular IMS di mana profesi waria merupakan salah satu faktor yang mendorong timbulnya gka IMS. Anal merupakan media bagi waria dalam memberikan pelayanan seksual kepada pemakai waria.Keberhasilan penanggulangan IMS tidak banya bergantung pada mutu pelayanan yang diterima tetapi juga bergantung Kepada perilaku perilaku pencegahan dan pencarian pengobatan. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pencegahan dan penanggulangan IMS lebih dititikberatkan pada penemuan penderita secara dini dan-segera diobati.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran perilaku waria dalam pencarian pengobatan yang biasa mejeng atau melakukan transaksi seksual di Gelanggang Olahiaga Remaja Kota Bekasi. Penelitian didesain sebagai penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan grounded research theory."