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"Application Program adalah perangkat lunak komputer atau yang biasa dikenal dengan "App" yang merupakan bagian dari program komputer yang biasanya dibuat oleh pengembang Aplikasi atau pengembang perangkat lunak dan merupakan subjek Undang-Undang Kekayaan Intelektual berdasarkan definisi artikel 2 dari Konvensi Bern sebagai "Karya Sastra dan Artistik". Tentu saja perusahaan aplikasi messenger berbasis online membuat program aplikasi membutuhkan seseorang yang ahli dalam bidang pembuatan perangkat lunak (software) atau aplikasi (app) yang disebut sebagai pengembang aplikasi/perangkat lunak. Dalam perjanjian kerja antara pengembang aplikasi perangkat lunak dan perusahaan, ada klausa yang mengatakan "Semua hasil ciptaan dan karya kekayaan intelektual selama bekerja pada perusahaan adalah merupakan hak milik perusahaan". Jika pengembang aplikasi atau aplikasi atau perangkat lunak membuat aplikasi di luar jam kerja atau dan tanpa menggunakan fasilitas perusahaan tempat pengembang aplikasi atau aplikasi atau perangkat lunak itu bekerja, hal itu menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah aplikasi atau perangkat lunak tersebut menjadi milik perusahaan. Tesis ini akan membahas hal tersebut lebih lanjut.

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Application Program is computer software or commonly known as "App" which is part of a computer program made by an App or software developer and is a subject of Intellectual Property Law under the definition of article 2 of the Berne Convention as "Literary and Artistic Works". Certainly, an online-based messenger app company create an application program requires someone who is an expert in the field of making software or application known as application (App) or software developer. In the employment agreement between an app/ software developer and a company, there is a clause that stipulates "All creations and intellectual property works while working at company is the property of the company." If the app or software developer makes an application outside working hours or/ and without using company facilities where the app or application or software developer works, it is still being quiestioned if the application or software falls under the company ownership. That is what will be discussed further in this thesis."

"Tesis ini membahas terciptanya suatu program komputer yang dikenal dengan game emulator (atau bisa disebut emulator saja). Program emulator ini memberikan kemudahan dan solusi bagi para penggemar console game tanpa harus menggunakan atau memiliki perangkat keras console game, cukup dengan melakukan instalasi program emulator pada komputer mereka, para penggemar console game dapat mengoperasikan hampir semua jenis game yang berbasis console game tertentu pada komputer yang mereka miliki. Para produsen console game merasa dirugikan atas hadirnya program emulator tersebut, karena penjualan perangkat keras console game mereka mengalami penurunan yang cukup drastis. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak masyarakat yang lebih memilih untuk menggunakan emulator dalam mengoperasikan game-game berbasis console game tersebut melalui komputer mereka daripada harus membeli perangkat keras yang khusus disediakan bagi game-game tersebut. Dari uraian latar belakang Tesis ini ditarik permasalahan bagaimana hukum melindungi Program Komputer yang melekat pada perangkat keras dan Program Game Emulator yang merupakan imitasi permainan Console Game telah melakukan pelanggaran Hak Cipta. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa program Game Emulator dapat dikatakan suatu karya yang mendapatkan Hak Cipta namun disisi yang lain Program Emulator dapat dikenakan pelanggaran dengan dibuktikan doktrin-doktrin yang ada.

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The Focus of This study is created a computer program known as the game emulator (or could be called emulators only). This emulator program provides convenience and solution for fans of console games without having to use or have a game console hardware, simply by doing the installation of the emulator program on their computer, console gaming fans can operate almost any type of game that particular game console based on a computer that they have. The problem does not stop there.

The game console manufacturers to feel aggrieved over the presence of these emulator programs, because sales of their gaming console hardware has decreased quite dramatically. This is because many people who prefer to use the emulator in operating the games console-based games through their computers rather than having to buy special hardware is provided for those games.

From the description of the background of this thesis that have been talking about how the emulator in its development as well as an overview of the laws which regulate if those problems, it can be drawn that the problems will be discussed like Emulator include in the creation of Computer programs that get Copyright Protection and Emulator can make violation Copyright Console Game. The result of this Thesis is known that Emulator in one side it can be have to get Copyright Protection, in other side Emulator can Violate Copyright Console game with reasonable doctrine."

"Perkembangan dari dunia program komputer mengalami perkembangan yang sangat cepat sejak program komputer pertama kali dikembangkan. Perkembangan dunia program komputer telah menampilkan fenomena dalam hal pengembangan, pendistribusian dan penyalinan program komputer. Melihat fenomena yang ada sangatlah beralasan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap program komputer, karena program komputer merupakan basil karya intelektual seorang programmer atau pencipta yang memiliki hak atas manfaat ekonomi atau hak atas nilai ekonomi dari karya ciptanya tersebut. Hak cipta sebagai salah sate cabang dari Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual, sering disebut sebagai instrumen perlindungan hukum yang paling tepat atas keberadaan suatu program komputer. Pendapat ini tidak serta merta benar karena meskipun program komputer dapat dikategorikan sebagai literary work yang termasuk dalam perlindungan hak cipta, namun program komputer mempunyai karekteristik yang berbeda dari karya-karya cipta lainnya yang dapat dinikmati ekspresi penciptanya. Dalam menggunaaan program komputer, pengguna mendapatkan dan menggunaaan fungsi dari program tersebut, bukan menikmati ekspresi dari seorang programmer karena yang dapat menikmati ekspresi dan seorang programmer itu tidak lain hanyalah si programmer itu sendiri, karena hanya ia seorang yang mengetahui dan memiliki source kode atas program komputer yang dibuatnya. Undang-Undang No. 19 Tabun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta melindungi source code yang membentuk perintahperintah yang kemudian disebut sebagai literary works, yang apabila digabungkan dengan media yang dapat dibaca dengan komputer akan mampu membuat komputer bekerja untuk melakukan fungsi-fungsi khusus atau untuk' mencapai basil khusus, termasuk persiapan dalam merancang instruksi-instruksi tersebut. Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta tidak melindungi fungsi atas program komputer, karena hak cipta-tidak memberikan pemegang hak cipta atas program komputer hak monopoli terhadap bagaimana program komputer tersebut bekerja, namun memberikan hak bagi pemegang hak cipta atas program komputer untulc melarang pihak lain yang meniru, menjiplak ekspresi dari instruksi atas program yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam perangkat komputer. Ukuran kuantitatif harts dapat diterapkan dalam menentukan adanya pelanggaran hak cipta, karena jika dikaitkan dengan program komputer dimana yang dilindungi adalah berupa source code-nya maka akan lebih memberikan kepastian hukum pada para pencipta program komputer atau para programer. Perlindungan yang diberikan Undang-Undang No. 19 Tabun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta terhadap program komputer apabila memiliki kesamaan source code hanya bersifat kualitatif, hal ini sangat disayangkan mengingat dapat saja suatu program komputer hanya memiliki sebagian kesamaan source code dengan program komputer lain atau bahkan tidak ada kesamaan source code sama sekali namun dapat dikategorikan melanggar Hak Cipta. Sehingga diperlukan pengaturan yang lebih jelas mengenai batasan tersebut."

"Posyandu (pos pelayanan terpadu), adalah wujud peran serta masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan upaya kesehatan di Indonesia. Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 9 tahun 1990 tentang peningkatan pembinaan mutu Posyandu, memberi peluang kepada lintas program maupun lintas sektoral yang terkait untuk berperan lebih aktif dan terkoordinasi.Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan koordinasi lintas program Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bungo dalam pelaksanaan program-program Posyandu di Kabupaten Bungo tahun 2001, belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui informani secara mendalam pelaksanaan koordinasi lintas program Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bungo dalam pelaksanaan program-grogram Posyandu di Kabupaten Bungo tahun 2001. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab yang melatar belakangi belum efektifnya koordinasi tersebut.Informasi diperoleh dengan cara wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah, dan observasi langsung terhadap informan-informan di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bungo, serta informan dari tingkat Puskesmas yakni Kepala Puskesmas dan koordinator Penyuluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa koordinasi lintas program di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bungo yang berkaitan dengan Posyandu belum efektif. Hal ini disebabkan karena belum adanya perencanaa terpadu tahunan khusus berkaitan dengan program-program yang ada di Posyandu.Agar koordinasi tersebut memberikan hasil yang lebih besar dan lebih bermanfaat, perlu ditunjuk koordinator yang dituangkan dalam SK Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bungo. Untuk lebih menyebarluaskan dan pemerataan keberadaan Posyandu di setiap desa, diharapkan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bungo dapat mengalokasikan anggaran yang cukup untuk mendukung kesinambungan Posyandu di tengah-tengah masyarakat.Daftar Bacaaan = 39 (1978-2001)

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Analysis of Coordination of Program Crossing In Bungo Regency Health Department On The Programs Implementation of The Integrated Services Post In Bungo Regency Province of Jambi, 2001Posyandu (integrated services post), as one of of the community participation in the implementation of heath services, derives from the society of every village in Indonesia. Based on the Instruction of Home Affairs Minister number 9`h in 1990, on the enhancement, program and sectoral crossing are supposed to be more active in the participation.The reality shows that the coordination of the program crossing of Bungo Regency Health Department in the programs implementation of Posyandu has not run well. This research is conducted to find out deeply information of the implementation of program crossing coordination in Bungo Regency in 2001. The research method used is qualitative to detect the cause of why coordination has not run. Informations are obtained by having indepth interview, focus group discussion, and observation which are directly done to informants who are directly involved with the available programs in the integrated services post and also, from community health center.The result of the research shows, that the coordination of the program crossing in Bungo Regency Health Department that is related to the integrated services post has not been effective yet. It is appointed by the planning is not integratedly arranged, especially abaout the program in Posyandu.In order that the coordination produce more significant and greater result, appointing a coordinator which is enclosed in a Decision Letter from the Head of Health Department of Bungo Regency is a need. To spread out and distribute evenly the existence of the integrated services post in every village, it is expexted that The Regency Government could alocate sufficient budget to reinforce the continuity of the integrated services post.Bibliography : 39 (1978-2001)"

"This study is focused on the working process of power in television program with special emphasis on Infotainment program, subjectively is marked by knowledge and action of involved actors. This study is qualitatively aimed at explaining production and reproduction of actors? social practices who involve in knowledge production processes for delivering television program. More over, this study will be able to describe the actors? power contestation based on positions and relationship among subjects in developing interaction based on their interest on mentioned television program presentation. It uses qualitative approach emphasis on the process rather than result, and tends to involve trust between researchers and informant.This analytic descriptive study is carried out since the beginning of January to August 2007. The work of power is basically moves to a series of relation, so that poser is understood as a description of plural network, not homogeny, and incomplete. It is a complicated network in a series of interactions and events in social practices of actors in a disperse position. Power can not be reduced in the form of central decision. It means that the works of power is not only determined by domination or authority of an actor to the other. In account to that, among actors are marked by regulation technology that work productively in controlling, depending, competing, and fighting one and other. Such process also marked by construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of actors? knowledge and is expressed in a series of actions that produce discourse.Based on data analysis supported by an existing concept, so that the work ad contestation of power in television program especially infotainment can be described as follows: Firstly, the process of delivering infotainment program in television creates a series of social practices of subject that has strategic relationship. The power works through social practices with dispersed positions through relations, or in other words the relationship construct power.Secondly, the process of delivering television program is marked by the works of control technology in the form of control system among actors. The control system extends over actors? relationship continually and drive to develop interdependency among them.Thirdly, the social interactions of actors who involved in infotainment program broadcast are basically a construction, deconstruction, as well as reconstruction of knowledge in which the power works. These become strategy of actors in interaction with others. Consequently there is a never ending contestation.Fourthly, besides power is a process of formulating knowledge, it also produces a discourse. Continually deconstructed discourse becomes a form of news media politics that create competition among actors that colored by the existence of power contestation. Based on the above notions there are two critical aspects that should be noted in this study:Firstly, infotainment broadcasting program is a television (private) program in Indonesia has contribute of knowledge formation marked by the work of power through social practices of contestation actors. Power contestation in this television program is a description of the existence of power relation that support, strive, compete and destruct in the process of build knowledge and discourse.Secondly, the issue of power basically has valuable contribution to anthropology, especially when experts that the anthropology has lost its job in lines with new social supremacy in this contemporary modern world. Issue of power also gives solution for anthropology to response related issue with recent development. Besides, issue of power gives a valuable contribution for anthropology has social network concept and empirical reality strength that can be carried out through field study."

"This study is focused on the working process of power in television program with special emphasis on Infotainment program, subjectively is marked by knowledge and action of involved actors. This study is qualitatively aimed at explaining production and reproduction of actors? social practices who involve in knowledge production processes for delivering television program. More over, this study will be able to describe the actors? power contestation based on positions and relationship among subjects in developing interaction based on their interest on mentioned television program presentation. It uses qualitative approach emphasis on the process rather than result, and tends to involve trust between researchers and informant. This analytic descriptive study is carried out since the beginning of January to August 2007. The work of power is basically moves to a series of relation, so that poser is understood as a description of plural network, not homogeny, and incomplete. It is a complicated network in a series of interactions and events in social practices of actors in a disperse position. Power can not be reduced in the form of central decision. It means that the works of power is not only determined by domination or authority of an actor to the other. In account to that, among actors are marked by regulation technology that work productively in controlling, depending, competing, and fighting one and other. Such process also marked by construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of actors? knowledge and is expressed in a series of actions that produce discourse. Based on data analysis supported by an existing concept, so that the work ad contestation of power in television program especially infotainment can be described as follows: Firstly, the process of delivering infotainment program in television creates a series of social practices of subject that has strategic relationship. The power works through social practices with dispersed positions through relations, or in other words the relationship construct power. Secondly, the process of delivering television program is marked by the works of control technology in the form of control system among actors. The control system extends over actors? relationship continually and drive to develop interdependency among them. Thirdly, the social interactions of actors who involved in infotainment program broadcast are basically a construction, deconstruction, as well as reconstruction of knowledge in which the power works. These become strategy of actors in interaction with others. Consequently there is a never ending contestation. Fourthly, besides power is a process of formulating knowledge, it also produces a discourse. Continually deconstructed discourse becomes a form of news media politics that create competition among actors that colored by the existence of power contestation. Based on the above notions there are two critical aspects that should be noted in this study: Firstly, infotainment broadcasting program is a television (private) program in Indonesia has contribute of knowledge formation marked by the work of power through social practices of contestation actors. Power contestation in this television program is a description of the existence of power relation that support, strive, compete and destruct in the process of build knowledge and discourse. Secondly, the issue of power basically has valuable contribution to anthropology, especially when experts that the anthropology has lost its job in lines with new social supremacy in this contemporary modern world. Issue of power also gives solution for anthropology to response related issue with recent development. Besides, issue of power gives a valuable contribution for anthropology has social network concept and empirical reality strength that can be carried out through field study."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan habitus kerja peserta Magang Bersertifikat Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dan aplikasinya di dunia kerja. Peneliti berargumen bahwa pembentukan habitus mahasiswa melalui magang merupakan elemen sentral dalam fase persiapan mahasiswa untuk terjun ke dunia kerja. Hal ini dikarenakan habitus tersebut diperoleh melalui proses transisi dan adaptasi yang padat dari dunia perkuliahan ke dunia kerja. Terlebih lagi, dengan program MBKM yang menganjurkan peserta berpartisipasi penuh dalam pekerjaan, habitus-habitus tersebut dapat dibentuk dengan lebih matang. Studi-studi terdahulu cenderung memperlihatkan bahwa magang hanya merupakan sebuah program persiapan transisi memasuki dunia kerja namun tanpa menganalisis secara lebih khusus pada proses sosial dari adaptasi untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Keterbatasan ini ditopang pula oleh jenis program magang yang diamati oleh studi-studi tersebut, yakni jenis magang wajib singkat yang dilakukan bersamaan dengan kegiatan kuliah. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif yakni wawancara mendalam terhadap peserta Magang Bersertifikat MBKM, peneliti menemukan bahwa pembentukan habitus peserta Magang MBKM didukung oleh beberapa hal, yakni budaya perusahaan, lingkungan pekerjaan, mentor yang membimbing, lingkungan tim, serta pekerjaan itu sendiri. Segala yang telah dilakukan oleh peserta melalui pelaksanaan program ini menjadi portofolio yang dilihat oleh perekrut. Hal ini disebut sebagai modal simbolik yang merupakan output dari partisipasi peserta dalam program Magang MBKM.

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This research aims to understand the process of forming the work habitus of participants in the Magang Bersertifikat Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program and its application in the workplace. The researcher argues that the formation of student habitus through internships is a central element in the phase of preparing students to enter the workforce. This is because such habitus is acquired through a dense transition and adaptation process from academic life to the professional world. Furthermore, with the MBKM program encouraging participants to fully engage in work, these habitus can be more maturely developed. Previous studies tend to show that internships are merely a transitional preparation program for entering the workforce without specifically analyzing the social process of adaptation to the professional world. This limitation is also supported by the type of internships observed by these studies, which are short mandatory internships conducted alongside academic activities. With a qualitative approach, namely in-depth interviews with participants of the MBKM Certified Internship, the researcher found that the formation of habitus among MBKM Internship participants is supported by several factors, namely company culture, work environment, guiding mentors, team environment, and the work itself. Everything that participants have done through the implementation of this program becomes a portfolio seen by recruiters. This is referred to as symbolic capital, which is the output of participants' participation in the MBKM Internship program."