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"Latar Belakang: Vitamin D telah terbukti memiliki sifat anti kanker sebagai antioksidan, anti-proliferasi, dan diferensiasi sel. Khasiat vitamin D sebagai agen antikanker memicu peneliti untuk mencari tahu apakah vitamin D bermanfaat sebagai radiosensitizer. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan pada cell line dalam berbagai jenis kanker, tetapi manfaat vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer masih kontroversial. Tujuan: Manfaat vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer masih kontroversial karena beberapa hasil studi yang tidak jelas. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pemanfaatan Vitamin D3 (Kalsitriol) sebagai radiosensitizer di berbagai lini sel melalui tinjauan literatur. Bahan/Metode: Pencarian sistematis dari pangkalan data literatur medis yang tersedia dilakukan pada studi in vitro dengan Vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer di semua jenis cell line. Sebanyak 11 studi in vitro dievaluasi. Hasil: Sembilan studi dalam ulasan ini menunjukkan efek yang signifikan dari Vitamin D sebagai agen radiosensitizer dengan meningkatkan autofagi sitotoksik, meningkatkan apoptosis, menghambat kesintasan sel dan gen pemicu proliferasi sel dengan menghambat ReIB, dan menginduksi senesens. Dua penelitian lainnya menunjukkan tidak ada efek yang signifikan dalam mekanisme radiosensitisasi vitamin D karena kurangnya bukti dalam lingkungan in vitro. Kesimpulan: Vitamin D memiliki sifat antikanker dan dapat digunakan sebagai radiosensitizer dengan berbagai mekanisme di berbagai cell line. Penelitian lebih lanjut terutama dalam pengaturan in vivo perlu dievaluasi.

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Background: Vitamin D has been shown to have anti-cancer properties as antioxidants, anti-proliferative, and cell differentiation. The property of vitamin D as an anticancer agent triggers researchers to find out whether vitamin D is useful as a radiosensitizer. Multiple studies have been carried out on cell lines in various types of cancer, but the benefits of vitamin D as a radiosensitizer are still become controversial.

Purpose: The benefits of vitamin D as a radiosensitizer are still controversial due to some incoherent study results. This review aim to investigate the utilization of Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) as radiosensitizer in various cell line through review of literature.

Materials/Methods: A systematic search of available medical literature databases was performed on in vitro studies with Vitamin D as radiosensitizer in all types of cell line. A total of 11 in vitro studies were evaluated.

Results: Nine studies in this review showed significant effect of Vitamin D as radiosensitizer agent by promoting cytotoxic autofagi, increasing apoptosis, inhibition of cell survival and proliferation promoting gene in ReIB inhibition, and inducing senescenes. The two remaining studies showed no significant effect in radiosensitizing mechanism of Vitamin D due to lack of evidence in vitro settings.

Conclusion: Vitamin D have anticancer property and can be used as radiosensitizer by imploring various mechanism pathways in various cell line. Further research especially in vivo setting need to be evaluated."

"Latar Belakang: Radioterapi adalah salah satu terapi kanker yang telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan tumor secara lokal dan regional. Namun, tumor yang resisten terhadap radiasi dapat mengurangi efektivitas terapi. Radiosensitizer adalah agen penting untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas radiasi. Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) adalah sejenis ganggang dan sudah terbukti memiliki efek antitumor. Diketahuinya jalur kerja U. lactuca mungkin memberikan pemahaman dasar terkait perannya sebagai radiosensitizer.Metode: Telaah sistematis dilakukan melalui pencarian literatur pada beberapa database. Pedoman PRISMA digunakan untuk melaporkan hasil pencarian. Studi in vivo atau in vitro yang menganalisis efek U. lactuca pada kanker dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Telaah kritis dinilai menggunakan Systemic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE RoB) tool pada studi in vivo dan Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) pada studi in vitro.Hasil: Tujuh artikel dimasukkan dalam telaah sistematis ini. Semua studi in vivo memiliki bias risiko rendah. Dua penelitian melaporkan bahwa U. lactuca memiliki efek antitumor (CEA, AFP, kadar bcl-2 menurun dan kadar p53 meningkat). Enam studi menunjukkan bahwa U. lactuca juga memiliki efek antioksidan (MDA, TNF alpha, kadar NO menurun, sementara TAC, MPO, SOD, CAT dan GR, GST, kadar GSH meningkat, dengan aktivitas pembersihan radikal). Lima penelitian menunjukkan bahwa U. lactuca memiliki aktivitas antikanker terhadap Caco-2 dan HT-29 CRC, MCF-7, Fem-x, HepG2, dan lini sel Hela.Kesimpulan: Aktivitas radikal bebas, p53, dan caspase-8, 9 adalah jalur utama efek antitumor U. lactuca. Jalur ini mungkin mengungkap potensinya sebagai radiosensitizer, yang memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Introduction: Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer. It had been widely used to control tumor locally and regionally. However, a radioresistant tumor might compromise efficacy of the therapy. Radiosensitizer is an important agent to improve radiation sensitivity. Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) is a type of algae with known antitumor effects. Analysis of its molecular pathway might provide basic understanding of its role as radiosensitizer.

Method: A systematic review was conducted through literature searching on several databases. PRISMA guideline was used to present the results. In vivo or in vitro study which analyzed U. lactuca effects on cancer were included in this study. In vivo studies were critically appraised using Systemic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE RoB) tool and in vitro studies were critically appraised using Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP).

Result: Seven articles were included in this systematic review. All in vivo studies had low risk bias. Two studies reported that U. lactuca had antitumor effect (CEA, AFP, decreased bcl-2 levels and increased p53 level). Six studies showed that U. lactuca also had antioxidant effect (MDA, TNF alpha, decreased NO levels, while TAC, MPO, SOD, CAT and GR, GST, increased GSH levels, with radical scavenging activity). Five studies showed that U. lactuca had anticancer activities against Caco-2 and HT-29 CRC, MCF-7, Fem-x, HepG2, and Hela cell lines.

Conclusion: Free radicals scavenging activity, p53, and caspase-8, 9 were the primary pathways of U. lactuca antitumor effects. These pathways might unravel its potential as radiosensitizer, which needs further analysis in future studies."

"Kadar vitamin D darah diketahui berhubungan dengan perbaikan disregulasi imunitas dengan menekan badai sitokin, sehingga mencegah perburukan klinis pasien COVID-19. Namun, uji klinis terkait efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap pasien COVID-19 masih belum konsisten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggabungkan secara sistematis temuan terkait suplementasi vitamin D terhadap derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan di pangkalan data Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, ProQuest, MedXriv, WileyOnline Library, dan Scopus pada 27 September 2020. Studi yang menilai efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19, tanpa adanya restriksi desain studi, diinklusi dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian kualitas studi dilakukan oleh tiga panelis. Empat studi dengan kualitas rendah hingga sedang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Seluruh studi melaporkan risiko mortalitas, dan tiga di antaranya yang melaporkan derajat keparahan. Dua dari tiga studi ini sepakat bahwa pasien dengan suplementasi vitamin D mengalami risiko keparahan penyakit yang signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa suplementasi. Satu studi lainnya menemukan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna, meskipun proporsi terjadinya COVID-19 derajat berat lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok tanpa suplementasi. Berkaitan dengan mortalitas, tiga dari empat studi melaporkan suplementasi vitamin D merupakan faktor protektif dari risiko mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Satu studi lainnya, dengan validitas yang rendah dan risiko bias yang tinggi, melaporkan bahwa pasien dengan suplementasi vitamin D lebih banyak mengalami kematian dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa suplementasi. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan derajat keparahan dan risiko mortalitas antara pasien COVID-19 yang mendapatkan suplementasi vitamin D dengan tanpa suplementasi vitamin D. Suplementasi vitamin D menjadi faktor protektif terjadinya keparahan kondisi dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19.

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Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with improved immunity dysregulation by suppressing cytokine storms to prevent clinical worsening of COVID-19 patients. However, clinical trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 patients are still inconsistent. This study aimed to systematically analyze the vitamin D supplementation’s effect on the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, ProQuest, MedXriv, WileyOnline Library, and Scopus on 27 September 2020. Studies assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients were included without any study design restrictions. Three authors carried out the study quality assessment. Four studies of low to moderate quality were included in the study. All studies reported a risk of mortality, and three of them reported the degree of severity. Two of the three studies agreed that patients with vitamin D supplementation had a significantly lower risk of disease severity than those without supplementation. One other study found no significant difference, although a higher proportion of severe COVID-19 was recorded in the group without supplementation. Three of the four studies reported vitamin D supplementation as a protective factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. With low validity and a high risk of bias, one of the studies reported that a group of vitamin D supplements had a higher death rate than the group without supplementation. Researchers concluded that there were differences in the degree of severity and risk of mortality between COVID-19 patients given vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 patients without vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation was a protective factor in the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients."

"Preeklamsia dibagi menjadi preeklamsia awitan dini (PEAD) jika terjadi pada usia kehamilan < 34 minggu dan preeklamsia awitan lanjut (PEAL) pada kehamilan > 34 minggu. Intoleransi imun diduga menyebabkan penolakan imun terhadap fetus di plasenta. Dendritic cell 10 (DC-10) dan sel T regulator CD4+CD25+FoxP3 (Treg) di desidua berperan penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang tolerogenik selama kehamilan. Namun, peran spesifik dalam patomekanisme PEAD dan PEAL serta faktor-faktor nutrisi yang berperan dalam regulasi DC-10 dan Treg, yaitu seng, vitamin A, dan vitamin D belum diteliti secara jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami patomekanisme penolakan imun pada preeklamsia melalui jumlah DC-10 dan sel Treg desidua serta hubungannya dengan vitamin A, vitamin D, dan seng.Desain penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang komparatif antara kehamilan dengan PEAD, PEAL, dan NT antara Oktober 2019 dan Desember 2021. Subjek penelitian direkrut dari RSUP Fatmawati (Jakarta), RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (Jakarta), dan RSUD Karawang (Jawa Barat). Kriteria penerimaan adalah semua ibu hamil 20–40 minggu yang menjalani persalinan dengan seksio sesaria dan setuju untuk dilibatkan dalam penelitian. Kriteria penolakan meliputi pasien dengan penyulit obstetrik, plasenta previa, memiliki riwayat penyakit kronik, hipertensi sebelum kehamilan 20 minggu, terdiagnosis COVID-19, demam dan leukosit >15.000 /mL pada saat pemeriksaan dan kematian janin dalam rahim. Spesimen desidua diperoleh dengan kuretase tajam setelah seksio sesaria. Jumlah DC-10 dan sel Treg dihitung dengan flow cytometry. Konsentrasi faktor nutrisi diperiksa dengan metode ICP-MS dan LC-MS. Perbandingan median dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, sedangkan koefisien korelasi diperoleh dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 ibu hamil untuk setiap kelompok (total 42 kasus). Jumlah DC-10 lebih rendah secara bermakna pada PEAD dibandingkan NT (p < 0,001) dan lebih rendah secara bermakna pada PEAL dibandingkan NT (p = 0,015). Sebaliknya, sel Treg FoxP3+CD25+ lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada PEAD dibandingkan NT (p = 0,015). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara faktor nutrisi dan jumlah faktor tolerogenik pada kelompok preeklamsia (PE). Namun, terdapat korelasi sedang antara konsentrasi seng desidua dan DC-10 di kelompok NT (r = 0,656; p = 0,011) dan korelasi kuat antara konsentrasi retinol desidua dan DC-10 juga di kelompok NT (r = 0,746; p = 0,002). Korelasi sedang didapatkan antara konsentrasi vitamin D dan jumlah sel Treg FoxP3+CD25+ di kelompok NT (r = 0,590; p = 0,026). Disimpulkan bahwa jumlah DC-10 pada PEAD lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kehamilan NT, sedangkan jumlah sel Treg pada PEAD secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kehamilan NT. Konsentrasi faktor nutrisi desidua tidak berkorelasi dengan jumlah DC-10 atau Treg desidua pada preeklamsia (PEAD dan PEAL). Namun, pada kelompok NT terdapat korelasi positif antara seng dan DC-10, retinol dan DC-10, serta vitamin D dan jumlah sel Treg desidua.

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Preeclampsia is categorized as early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) at < 34 week of gestation and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) at > 34 week of gestation. Immune intolerance is thought to be the underlying cause of immune rejection to the fetus in the placenta. Decidual dendritic cell-10 (DC-10) and T regulator cell CD4+CD25+FoxP3 (Treg) play important role to create a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. However, the specific role in the pathomechanism of EOPE or LOPE and nutritional factors that play role in the regulation of DC-10 and Treg, i.e. zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D have not been widely studied. This study was aimed to know the pathomechanism of immune rejection in preeclampsia through the number of decidual DC-10 and Treg cell and their correlations with vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc.

The study design was cross-sectional comparative among EOPE, LOPE, and NT pregnancies between October 2019 and December 2021. Study subjects were recruited from Fatmawati General Hospital (Jakarta), Cipto Mangukusumo National General Hospital (Jakarta), and Karawang Regional Public Hospital (West Java). Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women between 20–40 weeks of gestation who underwent cesarean delivery and gave their written consent to be included in the study. Exclusion critera were patients with obstetric complications, placenta previa, history of chronic disease, hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation, was diagnosed with COVID-19, fever and leukocyte count of >15.000 /mL at the time of examination and presence of intrauterine fetal death. Decidual specimens were obtained by curettage after the cesarian section. The number of DC-10 and Treg cells were counted using flow cytometry. Concentrations of nutritional factors were assayed using ICP-MS and LC-MS method. Median comparison among groups was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, while correlation coefficient was obtained by using the Spearman correlation test. Study subjects were 14 pregnant women for each group (42 cases in total). The DC-10 was significantly lower in EOPE compared to NT (p < 0.001) and significantly lower in LOPE compared to NT (p = 0.015). On the other hand, Treg FoxP3+CD25+ cells were significantly higher in EOPE compare to NT (p = 0.015). No correlation between nutritional factors and the number of tolerogenic factors in the preeclampsia group. However, there was a moderate correlation between decidual zinc concentration and DC-10 in the NT group (r = 0.656; p = 0.011) and a strong correlation between decidual retinol concentration and DC-10 also in NT group (r = 0.746; p= 0.002). A moderate correlation was found between vitamin D concentration and Treg FoxP3+CD25+ cells in the NT group (r = 0.590; p = 0.026). To conclude, the number of DC-10 in EOPE is lower than NT pregnancy, whereas the number of Treg cells in EOPE is higher than NT pregnancy. Concentrations of dedicual nutritional factors do not correlate with the number of decidual DC-10 or Treg cells in preeclampsia (EOPE and LOPE). However, in NT group, there is positive correlation between decidual zinc and DC-10, retinol and DC-10, and vitamin D and Treg cells."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"Prevalensi penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV) meningkat seiring dengan proses penuaan. Aterosklerosis yang menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi dan diikuti peningkatan kadar C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D merupakan vitamin yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan dapat menurunkan kadar hsCRP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin D dengan kadar hsCRP pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Santunan Keluarga (Pusaka) 12 di Tomang dan Pusaka 39 di Senen pada pertengahan bulan Desember 2012 sampai bulan Januari 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling, dan didapatkan 71 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, asupan vitamin D dengan metode Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif serta total skor pajanan sinar matahari mingguan. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi kadar vitamin D dan hsCRP. Didapatkan median usia 69 (60-85) tahun dan 80,3% subyek adalah perempuan. Malnutrisi terdapat pada 71,8 % subyek. Asupan vitamin D menunjukkan 98,6% subyek memiliki asupan vitamin D kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Sebanyak 97,2% subyek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari rendah. Nilai rerata kadar vitamin D 38,02±12,94 nmol/L dan 78% subyek tergolong defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai median kadar hsCRP 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, dan 67,6% subyek tergolong risiko PKV sedang dan tinggi. Didapatkan korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan kadar hsCRP pada usila (r=0,168, p=0,162).

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The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases in the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of CVD which stimulate inflammation and followed by increase production of C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D is a vitamin which has anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce level of hsCRP. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between serum vitamin D level and hsCRP in elderly. Data collection was conducted during December 2012 to January 2013 on 2 selected Pusaka, Pusaka 12 (Tomang) and Pusaka 39 (Senen). Subjects were obtained using cluster random sampling method. A total of 71 elderly subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, vitamin D intake and weekly score of sunlight exposure. Anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of vitamin D and hsCRP. Majority of the subjects were female (80,3%), median age was 69 (60-85) years. Malnutrition was occured in 71.8% of the subjects. Intake of vitamin D showed 98.6% of the subjects were less than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Majority of the subjects had low score of sunlight exposure (97,2%). Mean of vitamin D levels 38,02±12,94 nmol/L, while 78% the of subjects were categorized as vitamin D deficiency. Median of hsCRP levels 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, while 67,6% subjects were at moderate and high risk of CVD. No significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and hsCRP levels (r=0,168, p=0,162)."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada serum maternal, darah tali pusat dan jaringan plasenta pada ibu hamil normal dan preeklamsia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 86 pasien yang melakukan persalinan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSUD Tangerang. Setelah itu data disajikan dalam tabel dan dianalisis dengan uji parametrik, yaitu uji-t berpasangan bila sebaran data normal atau uji non parametrik, yaitu uji Mann-Whitney bila sebaran data tidak normal Hasil: Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum maternal kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 16.30 6.20-49.00 ng/mL sedangkan pada sampel kelompok tidak preeklamsia, sebesar 13.50 4.80 ndash; 29.20 ng/mL di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0,459, dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 tali pusat kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 11.80 3.50 ndash; 38.60 ng/mL sedangkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia sebesar 11.70 1.00 ndash; 28.80 ng/m, di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0.964, dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 jaringan plasenta kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 49.00 22.00 ndash; 411.00 ng/mL. sedangkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, sebesar 43.40 11.80 ndash; 153.00 ng/mL, di mana didapatkan nilai p 0.354 dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik Didapatkan hasil kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum kelompok preeklamsia awitan dini sebesar 10.80 6.20 ndash; 41.90 ng/mL sedangkan kelompok preeklamsia awitan lanjut sebesar 18.00 7.00 ndash; 49.00 ng/mL dengan nilai p = 0,133, di mana tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan hasil kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 tali pusat kelompok preeklamsia awitan dini sebesar 10.65 3.50 ndash; 38.60 ng/mL. sedangkan pada kelompok preeklamsia awitan lanjut, sebesar 12.65 6.40 ndash; 33.20 ng/mL. di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0.377 dengan tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada jaringan plasenta kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 79.00 36.00 ndash; 411.00 ng/g. sedangkan pada kelompok tidak preeklamsia sebesar 40.00 22.00 ndash; 171.00 ng/g. di mana didapatkan nilai p 0.006, dengan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 jaringan plasenta Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada darah serum, tali pusat dan jaringan maternal pada wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsia. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada darah serum dan tali pusat pada wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsia Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada plasenta wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsiaKata kunci: 25- OH -vitamin D3, preeklamsia, serum, tali pusat, jaringan plasenta

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Abstract Objective: This study is designed for comparing 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in maternal serum, cord blood and placental tissue in non preeclampsia and preeclampsia pregnant women.Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with the number of samples of 86 patients who deliver in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Tangerang District Hospital. After that the data is presented in the table and analyzed by parametric test, ie paired t-test when the distribution of normal data or non parametric test, ie Mann-Whitney test when the data distribution is not normal..Results: The serum maternal 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of preeclampsia group were 16.30 6.20-49.00 ng / mL while in the non-preeclamptic sample group, 13.50 4.80 - 29.20 ng / mL were obtained p = 0.459, with no statistically significant difference . The umbilical cord 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of preeclampsia group were 11.80 3.50 - 38.60 ng / mL while the preeclampsia group was 11.70 1.00 - 28.80 ng / m, where p = 0.964 was obtained, with no statistically significant difference. Obtained 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of placental tissue in the preeclampsia group by 49.00 22.00 - 411.00 ng / mL. while the group did not preeclampsia, amounting to 43.40 11.80 - 153.00 ng / mL, where p value of 0.354 was obtained with no statistically significant difference Earning serum 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum pre-eclampsia group onset was 10.80 6.20 - 41.90 ng / mL whereas the onset of pre-eclampsia group was 18.00 7.00 - 49.00 ng / mL with p value = 0.133, where no statistically significant difference was obtained. The results of the umbilical cord 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of early onset preeclampsia group were 10.65 3.50 - 38.60 ng / mL. whereas in the onset of pre-eclampsia group, it was 12.65 6.40 - 33.20 ng / mL. where obtained p value = 0.377 with no statistically significant difference. Obtained 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in placental tissue preeclampsia group of 79.00 36.00 - 411.00 ng / g. while in the pre-eclampsia group was 40.00 22.00 - 171.00 ng / g. where obtained p value of 0.006, with statistically significant difference in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of placental tissueConclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in mean serum 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in serum, cord blood and maternal tissue in women with preeclampsia and not preeclampsia. There was no statistically significant difference in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in serum and umbilical blood in pre-eclampsia and non-preeclampsia women. There were statistically significant differences in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in female placenta preeclampsia and not preeclampsia Keywords: 25- OH -vitamin D3, preeclampsia, serum, umbilical cord, placental tissue "

"Vitamin D adalah salah satu mikronutrien yang penting bagi manusia terlebih lagi pada ibu hamil. Di beberapa Negara kekurangan vitamin D menjadi masalah yang terabaikan terutama di negara Asia Tenggara termasuk di Indonesia. Ibu hamil yang kekurangan vitamin D dapat berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami pre eklampsia. Pada bayi yang lahir dari ibu yang mengalami kekurangan vitamin D dapat lahir dengan berat badan yang rendah dan kedepannya dapat mengalami gangguan pada organ penting seperti otak dan tulang. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan harus dilakukan sedini mungkin dari trsimester pertama. Namun terbatasnya fasilitas untuk mengukur tersebut mendorong untuk mencari tahu faktor yang berperan penting dalam kadar vitamin D seperti asupan harian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sampai 2014 dengan subjek ibu hamil trimester pertama yang tinggal di Jakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan pengukuran 25-hidroxivitamin D terstandar untuk memperoleh kadar vitamin D dalam darah subjek serta food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) untuk mengetahui asupan harian vitamin D subjek. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS for Windows 20.0 lalu dianalisis dengan uji Spearman. Didapatkan bahwa persentase subjek hipovitaminosis vitamin D adalah sebesar 43,5% (27 orang, n = 62) dan seluruh subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D harian yang rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara asupan harian vitamin D dengan kadar 25-hidroxivitamin D. Banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi misalnya adalah sinar matahari.

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Vitamin D is one of the important micronutrients for humans especially pregnant women. In some countries, deficiency of vitamin D is one of neglected health problem, especially in South-East countries including Indonesia. Pregnancy women with deficiency vitamin D may be higher risk for having preeclampsia. In infants born from mother who have deficiency vitamin D may be born with low birth weight. Some important organs development will interference such as brain and bone. Therefore, prevention from deficiency vitamin D should be conducted as early as possible from first trimester pregnancy. But there are limitation in vitamin D measurement facilities so these research purpose is to elaborate the others factor that influencing vitamin D in blood and the most important factor is diet vitamin D. These research aims to determine whether a correlation between vitamin D intake and value of vitamin D in blood.

Running a cross-sectional study design, this research uses secondary data from a former research by Faculty Medicine of University Indonesia conducted in 2013 ? 2014 with pregnant women living in Jakarta.

The research method comprised a 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement and the usage of food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to obtain subject's vitamin D in blood and vitamin D intake respectively. Using SPSS for Windows 20.0 software, data is then analyzed by Spearman, resulting 43.5% (n = 62) of subjects being hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL) and the whole subjects receiving under the boundary value of vitamin D (12 mcg/day).

This research shows that no correlation could be found between vitamin d intake and value of vitamin D in blood."

"Pendahuluan: Pada usia lanjut (usila) terjadi perubahan dalam berjalan dan keseimbangan, penurunan kekuatan otot rangka, dan perlambatan integrasi sensorik dan motorik oleh sistem saraf pusat. Di sisi lain, usila rentan terhadap defisiensi vitamin D yang diketahui berkaitan dengan sistem muskuloskeletal dalam koridor fungsi mobilitas seseorang untuk melaksanakan aktivitas sehari-hari. Belem. ada penelitian mengenai konsentrasi vitamin D dan korelasinya dengan mobilitas fungsional perempuan usila.Tujuan: Menentukan konsentrasi vitamin D serum, hasil nilai uji the timed up and go (TUG), dan korelasi antara konsentrasi vitamin D serum dan nilai uji TUG perempuan usi laMetode: Penelitian di tiga panti werdha di DK1 Jakarta dan satu panti werdha di Bekasi ini dilakukan dengan desain korelatif secara potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2005 terhadap perempuan berusia 60 tahun atau lebih. Uji TUG digunakan untuk menilai mobilitas fungsional dasar dengan mengukur berapa detik waktu yang diperlukan subyek untuk melakukan aktivitas berturut-turut: bangkit dari kursi bertinggi duduk 46 cm dengan sandaran lengan dan punggung, berjalan sejauh tiga meter, berbalik arah kembali menuju kursi, dan duduk kembali. Konsentrasi vitamin D serum diukur dengan metode ELBA. Sebagai variabel perancu adalah usia, indeks massa tubuh, dan konsentrasi ion kalsium serum yang diukur dengan metode NOVA.Hasil: Dari 42 perempuan usila-yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian, 30 orang yang ditentukan secara random propotsional diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Rerata (SB) konsentrasi vitamin D adalah 68,0 (SB 21,1) nmol/L, dengan konsentrasi <50 nmol/L sebesar 23,3%, nilai uji TUG 10,7 (SB 2,1) detik, IMT 22,3 (SB 3,7) kglm2, dan usia 70,2 (SB 6,4) tahun, sedangkaiu median (minimal-maksimal) konsentrasi ion kalsium serum adalah 1,095 (1,030-1,230) mmol/L. Konsentrasi vitamin D serum belum menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna dengan TUG (r = -0,008; p = 0,968). Antara variabel perancu dan TUG juga belum menunjukkan korelasi yang bermalma. Hasil korelasi dengan TUG untuk indeks massa tubuh r = 0,014; p = 0,942, konsentrasi ion kalsium serum p = 0,287;p = 0,124, dan usia r = 0,315;p = 0,09.Simpulan: Rerata konsentrasi vitamin D serum perempuan usila dalam penelitian ini adalah 68,0 (SB 21,1) nmollL, 23,3% mengalami defisiensi vitamin D sedangkan sisanya memiliki konsentrasi vitamin D serum normal. Rerata basil nilai uji TUG perempuan usila yang diteliti adalah 10,7 (SB 2,1) detik, sebagian besar (60%) memiliki basil nilai uji TUG 10-<20 detik yang menunjukkan kemandirian _untuk berbagai . aktivitas. Konsentrasi vitamin D serum belum menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna dengan mobilitas fungsional dasar perempuan usila, semakin tinggi konsentrasi vitamin D serum tidak diikuti dengan semakin sedikit waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan.uji TUG; proporsi subyek dengan nilai uji TUG <10 detik (mobilitas fungsional dengan kemandirian penuh), lebih sedikit pads responden yang mengalami defisiensi vitamin D.

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Background: In elderly there are changes both in gait and balance, muscle strength decline, and slowing of sensory and motoric integration by central nervous system. On the other hand, elderly are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency which is known associated with musculosceletal system in the light of functional mobility in order to perform daily Iiving activities independently. Study on vitamin D and its correlation with basic functional mobility in elderly women has not been conducted yet.

Objective: to determine vitamin D serum concentration, the timed up and go (TUG) test score, and the correlation between vitamin D serum concentration and TUG test score of elderly women.

Method: a correlative cross sectional study of institutionalized elderly women age 60 years old or greater was conducted in three nursing homes in DKI Jakarta and one nursing home in Bekasi in January 2005. TUG test was.performed to evaluate basic functional mobility by measuring the time in seconds to stand from 46 cm height armchair, walk three meters, turn around, and return to full sitting in chair. Vitamin D serum concentration was measured by ELISA method. Calcium ion serum concentration that was measured by NOVA method, age and body mass index (BMI) were confounding variables.

Result: Of forty-two elderly women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty subjects which proportional randomly assigned were participated in this study. Mean (SD) vitamin D serum concentration was 68.0 (SD 21.1) nmoUL, with concentration S50 nmolIL was 23.3%, TUG score was 10.7 (SD 2.1) seconds, BMI was 223 (3.7) kglm2, age was 70.2 (SD 6.4) years, and median (minimal-maximal) ionized calcium serum concentration was 1.095 (1.030-1.230) mmolfL. Vitamin D serum concentration had not shown significant correlation yet with TUG (r = -0.008; p = 0.968). There were also no significant correlation among the confounding variables and TUG. The correlation with TUG for BMI r = 0.014; p = 0.942, ionized calcium serum concentration p = 0.287; p = 0.124, and age r=0.315;p=0.09.

Conclusion: The mean vitamin D serum concentration of elderly women in this study was 68.0 (SD 21.1) nmolIL, 23.3% had vitamin D deficiency, while the rest of other subjects still had normal vitamin D serum concentration. The mean TUG score of elderly women in this study was 10.7 (SD 2.1) seconds, more than half (60%) had TUG score 10-<20 seconds which means they were mostly independent to perform daily living activities. Vitamin D serum concentration had not shown significant correlation yet with basic functional mobility of elderly women, the higher vitamin D serum concentration was not followed by lesser time to perform TUG test; the proportion of subjects with TUG score <10 seconds (freely mobile in functional mobility) were lesser in vitamin D deficiency respondents."

"Usia lanjut berisiko tinggi mengalami defisiensi vitamin D, sedangkan vitamin D memiliki efek protektif terhadap massa otot. Penurunan massa otot dan fungsinya disebut dengan sarkopenia. Prevalensi sarkopenia sangat tinggi pada usia lanjut yang tinggal di panti wreda, kondisi ini disebabkan gaya hidup sedentari pada penghuni panti wreda. Deteksi dini sarkopenia dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur fungsi otot, salah satunya adalah mengukur performa fisik dengan tes short physical performance battery (SPPB). Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di lima panti wreda yang terdaftar di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara proportional random sampling, didapatkan 100 usila yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D menggunakan kadar kalsidiol serum dengan metode chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Pemeriksaan massa otot menggunakan bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita SC-330. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji nonparametrik. Didapatkan nilai tengah usia subjek adalah 74,89 tahun dan 72% subjek adalah perempuan. Terdapat  85% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D yang kurang dan  94% subjek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari yang rendah, serta seluruh subjek masih memiliki massa otot yang normal. Nilai tengah kadar vitamin D serum  adalah 15,50(4-32) ng/mL, dengan 72% subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai tengah performa fisik adalah 9(3-12) dan sebanyak 47% subjek mengalami performa fisik yang buruk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di panti wreda (r=0,130; p=0,196).

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Elderly individuals have a risk of vitamin D deficiency, whereas vitamin D has a protective effect on muscle mass. Decrease in muscle mass and function is called sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia is very high in the elderly who live in nursing homes, this condition is due to the sedentary lifestyle. Early detection of sarcopenia can be done by measuring physical performance with short physical performance battery (SPPB) test. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the correlation between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in five nursing homes registered in South Tangerang. A hundred subjects who fulfilled study criteria gathered using proportional random sampling method. Examination of vitamin D levels using calcidiol serum with the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita type SC-330. Nonparametric correlation was used for correlation analysis. Median age of subjects was 74.89 years old and 72% were female. Eighty-five percent of subjects had low vitamin D intake, 94% of subjects had low sun exposure score, and all subjects had normal muscle mass. Mean level of vitamin D serum was 15.50 (4-32) ng/mL, with 72% of subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Mean score of physical performance was 9(3-12) and 47% of subjects had low physical performance. This study showed that there was no correlation found between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in nursing homes (r=0.130; p=0.196)."