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"Latar Belakang: Vitamin D telah terbukti memiliki sifat anti kanker sebagai antioksidan, anti-proliferasi, dan diferensiasi sel. Khasiat vitamin D sebagai agen antikanker memicu peneliti untuk mencari tahu apakah vitamin D bermanfaat sebagai radiosensitizer. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan pada cell line dalam berbagai jenis kanker, tetapi manfaat vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer masih kontroversial. Tujuan: Manfaat vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer masih kontroversial karena beberapa hasil studi yang tidak jelas. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pemanfaatan Vitamin D3 (Kalsitriol) sebagai radiosensitizer di berbagai lini sel melalui tinjauan literatur. Bahan/Metode: Pencarian sistematis dari pangkalan data literatur medis yang tersedia dilakukan pada studi in vitro dengan Vitamin D sebagai radiosensitizer di semua jenis cell line. Sebanyak 11 studi in vitro dievaluasi. Hasil: Sembilan studi dalam ulasan ini menunjukkan efek yang signifikan dari Vitamin D sebagai agen radiosensitizer dengan meningkatkan autofagi sitotoksik, meningkatkan apoptosis, menghambat kesintasan sel dan gen pemicu proliferasi sel dengan menghambat ReIB, dan menginduksi senesens. Dua penelitian lainnya menunjukkan tidak ada efek yang signifikan dalam mekanisme radiosensitisasi vitamin D karena kurangnya bukti dalam lingkungan in vitro. Kesimpulan: Vitamin D memiliki sifat antikanker dan dapat digunakan sebagai radiosensitizer dengan berbagai mekanisme di berbagai cell line. Penelitian lebih lanjut terutama dalam pengaturan in vivo perlu dievaluasi.

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Background: Vitamin D has been shown to have anti-cancer properties as antioxidants, anti-proliferative, and cell differentiation. The property of vitamin D as an anticancer agent triggers researchers to find out whether vitamin D is useful as a radiosensitizer. Multiple studies have been carried out on cell lines in various types of cancer, but the benefits of vitamin D as a radiosensitizer are still become controversial.

Purpose: The benefits of vitamin D as a radiosensitizer are still controversial due to some incoherent study results. This review aim to investigate the utilization of Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) as radiosensitizer in various cell line through review of literature.

Materials/Methods: A systematic search of available medical literature databases was performed on in vitro studies with Vitamin D as radiosensitizer in all types of cell line. A total of 11 in vitro studies were evaluated.

Results: Nine studies in this review showed significant effect of Vitamin D as radiosensitizer agent by promoting cytotoxic autofagi, increasing apoptosis, inhibition of cell survival and proliferation promoting gene in ReIB inhibition, and inducing senescenes. The two remaining studies showed no significant effect in radiosensitizing mechanism of Vitamin D due to lack of evidence in vitro settings.

Conclusion: Vitamin D have anticancer property and can be used as radiosensitizer by imploring various mechanism pathways in various cell line. Further research especially in vivo setting need to be evaluated."

"Latar Belakang: Radioterapi adalah salah satu terapi kanker yang telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan tumor secara lokal dan regional. Namun, tumor yang resisten terhadap radiasi dapat mengurangi efektivitas terapi. Radiosensitizer adalah agen penting untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas radiasi. Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) adalah sejenis ganggang dan sudah terbukti memiliki efek antitumor. Diketahuinya jalur kerja U. lactuca mungkin memberikan pemahaman dasar terkait perannya sebagai radiosensitizer.Metode: Telaah sistematis dilakukan melalui pencarian literatur pada beberapa database. Pedoman PRISMA digunakan untuk melaporkan hasil pencarian. Studi in vivo atau in vitro yang menganalisis efek U. lactuca pada kanker dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Telaah kritis dinilai menggunakan Systemic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE RoB) tool pada studi in vivo dan Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) pada studi in vitro.Hasil: Tujuh artikel dimasukkan dalam telaah sistematis ini. Semua studi in vivo memiliki bias risiko rendah. Dua penelitian melaporkan bahwa U. lactuca memiliki efek antitumor (CEA, AFP, kadar bcl-2 menurun dan kadar p53 meningkat). Enam studi menunjukkan bahwa U. lactuca juga memiliki efek antioksidan (MDA, TNF alpha, kadar NO menurun, sementara TAC, MPO, SOD, CAT dan GR, GST, kadar GSH meningkat, dengan aktivitas pembersihan radikal). Lima penelitian menunjukkan bahwa U. lactuca memiliki aktivitas antikanker terhadap Caco-2 dan HT-29 CRC, MCF-7, Fem-x, HepG2, dan lini sel Hela.Kesimpulan: Aktivitas radikal bebas, p53, dan caspase-8, 9 adalah jalur utama efek antitumor U. lactuca. Jalur ini mungkin mengungkap potensinya sebagai radiosensitizer, yang memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Introduction: Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer. It had been widely used to control tumor locally and regionally. However, a radioresistant tumor might compromise efficacy of the therapy. Radiosensitizer is an important agent to improve radiation sensitivity. Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca) is a type of algae with known antitumor effects. Analysis of its molecular pathway might provide basic understanding of its role as radiosensitizer.

Method: A systematic review was conducted through literature searching on several databases. PRISMA guideline was used to present the results. In vivo or in vitro study which analyzed U. lactuca effects on cancer were included in this study. In vivo studies were critically appraised using Systemic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE RoB) tool and in vitro studies were critically appraised using Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP).

Result: Seven articles were included in this systematic review. All in vivo studies had low risk bias. Two studies reported that U. lactuca had antitumor effect (CEA, AFP, decreased bcl-2 levels and increased p53 level). Six studies showed that U. lactuca also had antioxidant effect (MDA, TNF alpha, decreased NO levels, while TAC, MPO, SOD, CAT and GR, GST, increased GSH levels, with radical scavenging activity). Five studies showed that U. lactuca had anticancer activities against Caco-2 and HT-29 CRC, MCF-7, Fem-x, HepG2, and Hela cell lines.

Conclusion: Free radicals scavenging activity, p53, and caspase-8, 9 were the primary pathways of U. lactuca antitumor effects. These pathways might unravel its potential as radiosensitizer, which needs further analysis in future studies."

"Terlepas dari kemajuan teknologi di bidang kanker terutama radioterapi yang sudah dicapai, banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan radiosensitivitas sel kanker untuk meningkatkan rasio terapeutik dan mengatasi radioresistensi sel kanker. Pada telaah ini, kami mengevaluasi mekanisme antikanker ekstrak Annona muricata L. dan senyawa bioaktifnya seperti acetogenin annonaceous, annomuricin, annonacin, curcumin,dll.; dan lebih jauh mengkorelasikan mekanisme zat tersebut dengan potensi untuk meningkatkan atau mengurangi radiosensitivitas sel kanker berdasarkan pencarian literatur. Berbagai jalur telah dilaporkan dan berdasarkan bukti literatur bahwa kebanyakan dari mereka dapat meningkatkan radiosensitivitas, kami melihat Annona muricata L. memiliki potensi masa depan yang menjanjikan sebagai agen peningkat radiosensitivitas. Studi lanjutan diperlukan untuk mendapatkan bukti yang sahih.

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Despite achieved technological advances in cancer treatment especially in radiotherapy,

many efforts are being made in improving cancer cells radiosensitivity to increase therapeutic ratio and overcome cancer cells radioresistance. In the present review, we evaluate the anticancer mechanism of Annona muricata L. extract (mainly leaves extract) and its bioactive compound such as annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricin, annonacin, curcumin, etc.; and further correlate them with the potential of the mechanism to increase or to reduce cancer cells radiosensitivity based on literature investigation. Various

pathways were reported and based on the literature evidence that most of them could lead to increased radiosensitivity, we see that Annona muricata L. has a future promising potential as a radiosensitizer agent. Further studies are needed to establish more valid

evidence."

"Kadar vitamin D darah diketahui berhubungan dengan perbaikan disregulasi imunitas dengan menekan badai sitokin, sehingga mencegah perburukan klinis pasien COVID-19. Namun, uji klinis terkait efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap pasien COVID-19 masih belum konsisten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggabungkan secara sistematis temuan terkait suplementasi vitamin D terhadap derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan di pangkalan data Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, ProQuest, MedXriv, WileyOnline Library, dan Scopus pada 27 September 2020. Studi yang menilai efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19, tanpa adanya restriksi desain studi, diinklusi dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian kualitas studi dilakukan oleh tiga panelis. Empat studi dengan kualitas rendah hingga sedang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Seluruh studi melaporkan risiko mortalitas, dan tiga di antaranya yang melaporkan derajat keparahan. Dua dari tiga studi ini sepakat bahwa pasien dengan suplementasi vitamin D mengalami risiko keparahan penyakit yang signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa suplementasi. Satu studi lainnya menemukan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna, meskipun proporsi terjadinya COVID-19 derajat berat lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok tanpa suplementasi. Berkaitan dengan mortalitas, tiga dari empat studi melaporkan suplementasi vitamin D merupakan faktor protektif dari risiko mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Satu studi lainnya, dengan validitas yang rendah dan risiko bias yang tinggi, melaporkan bahwa pasien dengan suplementasi vitamin D lebih banyak mengalami kematian dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa suplementasi. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan derajat keparahan dan risiko mortalitas antara pasien COVID-19 yang mendapatkan suplementasi vitamin D dengan tanpa suplementasi vitamin D. Suplementasi vitamin D menjadi faktor protektif terjadinya keparahan kondisi dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19.

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Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with improved immunity dysregulation by suppressing cytokine storms to prevent clinical worsening of COVID-19 patients. However, clinical trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 patients are still inconsistent. This study aimed to systematically analyze the vitamin D supplementation’s effect on the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, ProQuest, MedXriv, WileyOnline Library, and Scopus on 27 September 2020. Studies assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients were included without any study design restrictions. Three authors carried out the study quality assessment. Four studies of low to moderate quality were included in the study. All studies reported a risk of mortality, and three of them reported the degree of severity. Two of the three studies agreed that patients with vitamin D supplementation had a significantly lower risk of disease severity than those without supplementation. One other study found no significant difference, although a higher proportion of severe COVID-19 was recorded in the group without supplementation. Three of the four studies reported vitamin D supplementation as a protective factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. With low validity and a high risk of bias, one of the studies reported that a group of vitamin D supplements had a higher death rate than the group without supplementation. Researchers concluded that there were differences in the degree of severity and risk of mortality between COVID-19 patients given vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 patients without vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation was a protective factor in the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients."

"Latar Belakang: Kemoradiasi merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatan kesintasan sel. Diperlukan penelitian in-vitro untuk mengembangkan potensi-potensi agen kemoradiosensitiser tersebut, namun sayangnya tidak banyak laboratorium yang melakukan protokol uji radiosensitivitas sel di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membangun protokol clonogenic assay agar radiosensitivitas dan efek radiosensitiser dapat diukur dengan baik. Metode: Lini sel yang digunakan adalah MCF-7 adenokarsinoma payudara dan HeLa yang merupakan adenokarsinoma cervix uteri. Linear accelerator digunakan sebagai cell irradiator. Clonogenic assay digunakan untuk menilai radiosensitivitas sel MCF-7 dan HeLa serta mengexplorasi efek cisplatin sebagai radiosensitiser pada dua sel tersebut. Radiosensitivitas sel akan dipresentasikan pada kurva quadratic linear. Hasil: Didapatkan bahwa Radiosensitivitas sel MCF-7 dan HeLa didapatkan dengan α/β ratio 4.56 dan 4.94. IC50 cisplatin pada Hela adalah 10.4 uM dan MCF-7 adalah 250nM. Cisplatin memiliki potensi sebagai radiosensitiser pada lini sel kanker payudara dengan SER-D10 dan SER-D50 1.83 dan 2.87 pada dosis 50nM, serta SER-D10 dan SER-D50 2.23 dan 3.31 pada dosis 100nM. Kesimpulan: Protokol colony assay dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menentukan kesintasan sel terhadap radiasi, kemoterapi, dan kemoradiasi. Cisplatin memiliki potensi sebagai radiosensitizer terhadap sel MCF-7, yang merupakan lini sel adenokarsinoma payudara.

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Background: Chemoradiation is a therapeutic approach aimed at improving treatment results. There is a lack of laboratories in Indonesia that conduct cell radiosensitivity testing protocols, which hinders the development of potential chemo-radiosensitizer agents through in-vitro research. Methods: The purpose of this research is to develop a clonogenic assay protocol in order to accurately measure radiosensitivity and the impact of the radiosensitivity. We use MCF-7, a breast adenocarcinoma cell line, and HeLa, a cervical cervix adenocarcinoma cell line. The study uses a linear accelerator as a device to irradiate cells. We explore the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 and HeLa cells and investigates the impact of cisplatin, a radiosensitizer, on these two cell types. Clonogenic assays are employed to assess the in-vitro susceptibility of cells to radiation, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation. The cell's radiosensitivity to these three interventions will be presented in a quadratic linear curve. Results: The radiosensitivity of MCF-7 and HeLa cells was determined to have an α/β ratio of 4.56 and 4.94, respectively. The IC50 of cisplatin in Hela cells is 10.4 μM, while in MCF-7 cells it is 250nM. Cisplatin demonstrates potential as a radiosensitizer on the breast cancer cell line, with SER-D10 and SER-D50 values of 1.83 and 2.87 at a dose of 50nM, and SER-D10 and SER-D50 values of 2.23 and 3.31 at a dose of 100nM. Conclusion: the colony assay protocol is a reliable method for assessing cell sensitivity to radiation, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation. Cisplatin exhibits potential as a radiosensitizer against MCF-7 cells, a specific type of breast adenocarcinoma cells."

"Preeklamsia dibagi menjadi preeklamsia awitan dini (PEAD) jika terjadi pada usia kehamilan < 34 minggu dan preeklamsia awitan lanjut (PEAL) pada kehamilan > 34 minggu. Intoleransi imun diduga menyebabkan penolakan imun terhadap fetus di plasenta. Dendritic cell 10 (DC-10) dan sel T regulator CD4+CD25+FoxP3 (Treg) di desidua berperan penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang tolerogenik selama kehamilan. Namun, peran spesifik dalam patomekanisme PEAD dan PEAL serta faktor-faktor nutrisi yang berperan dalam regulasi DC-10 dan Treg, yaitu seng, vitamin A, dan vitamin D belum diteliti secara jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami patomekanisme penolakan imun pada preeklamsia melalui jumlah DC-10 dan sel Treg desidua serta hubungannya dengan vitamin A, vitamin D, dan seng.Desain penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang komparatif antara kehamilan dengan PEAD, PEAL, dan NT antara Oktober 2019 dan Desember 2021. Subjek penelitian direkrut dari RSUP Fatmawati (Jakarta), RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (Jakarta), dan RSUD Karawang (Jawa Barat). Kriteria penerimaan adalah semua ibu hamil 20–40 minggu yang menjalani persalinan dengan seksio sesaria dan setuju untuk dilibatkan dalam penelitian. Kriteria penolakan meliputi pasien dengan penyulit obstetrik, plasenta previa, memiliki riwayat penyakit kronik, hipertensi sebelum kehamilan 20 minggu, terdiagnosis COVID-19, demam dan leukosit >15.000 /mL pada saat pemeriksaan dan kematian janin dalam rahim. Spesimen desidua diperoleh dengan kuretase tajam setelah seksio sesaria. Jumlah DC-10 dan sel Treg dihitung dengan flow cytometry. Konsentrasi faktor nutrisi diperiksa dengan metode ICP-MS dan LC-MS. Perbandingan median dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, sedangkan koefisien korelasi diperoleh dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 ibu hamil untuk setiap kelompok (total 42 kasus). Jumlah DC-10 lebih rendah secara bermakna pada PEAD dibandingkan NT (p < 0,001) dan lebih rendah secara bermakna pada PEAL dibandingkan NT (p = 0,015). Sebaliknya, sel Treg FoxP3+CD25+ lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada PEAD dibandingkan NT (p = 0,015). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara faktor nutrisi dan jumlah faktor tolerogenik pada kelompok preeklamsia (PE). Namun, terdapat korelasi sedang antara konsentrasi seng desidua dan DC-10 di kelompok NT (r = 0,656; p = 0,011) dan korelasi kuat antara konsentrasi retinol desidua dan DC-10 juga di kelompok NT (r = 0,746; p = 0,002). Korelasi sedang didapatkan antara konsentrasi vitamin D dan jumlah sel Treg FoxP3+CD25+ di kelompok NT (r = 0,590; p = 0,026). Disimpulkan bahwa jumlah DC-10 pada PEAD lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kehamilan NT, sedangkan jumlah sel Treg pada PEAD secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kehamilan NT. Konsentrasi faktor nutrisi desidua tidak berkorelasi dengan jumlah DC-10 atau Treg desidua pada preeklamsia (PEAD dan PEAL). Namun, pada kelompok NT terdapat korelasi positif antara seng dan DC-10, retinol dan DC-10, serta vitamin D dan jumlah sel Treg desidua.

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Preeclampsia is categorized as early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) at < 34 week of gestation and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) at > 34 week of gestation. Immune intolerance is thought to be the underlying cause of immune rejection to the fetus in the placenta. Decidual dendritic cell-10 (DC-10) and T regulator cell CD4+CD25+FoxP3 (Treg) play important role to create a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. However, the specific role in the pathomechanism of EOPE or LOPE and nutritional factors that play role in the regulation of DC-10 and Treg, i.e. zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D have not been widely studied. This study was aimed to know the pathomechanism of immune rejection in preeclampsia through the number of decidual DC-10 and Treg cell and their correlations with vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc.

The study design was cross-sectional comparative among EOPE, LOPE, and NT pregnancies between October 2019 and December 2021. Study subjects were recruited from Fatmawati General Hospital (Jakarta), Cipto Mangukusumo National General Hospital (Jakarta), and Karawang Regional Public Hospital (West Java). Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women between 20–40 weeks of gestation who underwent cesarean delivery and gave their written consent to be included in the study. Exclusion critera were patients with obstetric complications, placenta previa, history of chronic disease, hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation, was diagnosed with COVID-19, fever and leukocyte count of >15.000 /mL at the time of examination and presence of intrauterine fetal death. Decidual specimens were obtained by curettage after the cesarian section. The number of DC-10 and Treg cells were counted using flow cytometry. Concentrations of nutritional factors were assayed using ICP-MS and LC-MS method. Median comparison among groups was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, while correlation coefficient was obtained by using the Spearman correlation test. Study subjects were 14 pregnant women for each group (42 cases in total). The DC-10 was significantly lower in EOPE compared to NT (p < 0.001) and significantly lower in LOPE compared to NT (p = 0.015). On the other hand, Treg FoxP3+CD25+ cells were significantly higher in EOPE compare to NT (p = 0.015). No correlation between nutritional factors and the number of tolerogenic factors in the preeclampsia group. However, there was a moderate correlation between decidual zinc concentration and DC-10 in the NT group (r = 0.656; p = 0.011) and a strong correlation between decidual retinol concentration and DC-10 also in NT group (r = 0.746; p= 0.002). A moderate correlation was found between vitamin D concentration and Treg FoxP3+CD25+ cells in the NT group (r = 0.590; p = 0.026). To conclude, the number of DC-10 in EOPE is lower than NT pregnancy, whereas the number of Treg cells in EOPE is higher than NT pregnancy. Concentrations of dedicual nutritional factors do not correlate with the number of decidual DC-10 or Treg cells in preeclampsia (EOPE and LOPE). However, in NT group, there is positive correlation between decidual zinc and DC-10, retinol and DC-10, and vitamin D and Treg cells."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Vitamin D diketahui berperan penting dalam memodulasi sistem imunitas. Defisiensi vitamin D sering dihubungkan dengan peningkatan risiko kerentanan dan keparahan terhadap berbagai penyakit infeksi. Penelitian yang meninjau hubungan antara vitamin D dan dengue sangat terbatas. Dengue adalah penyakit dengan beban kesehatan global yang besar, eksplorasi terhadap faktor imunomodulator yang berpotensi untuk menjadi bagian dari upaya pencegahan dan tatalaksana infeksi dengue termasuk vitamin D masih diperlukan.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada perbedaan rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat keparahan infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2016-Januari 2018 terhadap 61 pasien dengan infeksi dengue di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekam medik, hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, kadar 25(OH)D, serta foto rontgen toraks decubitus kanan. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji anova, kai kuadrat, Fisher exact, regresi linear dan logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% dan nilai kemaknaan 0.05.Hasil. Rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DD) adalah 24.6 ng/ml. Pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DBD dan SSD) rerata kadar vitamin D pada fase demam adalah 26.66 ng/ml, 21.91 ng/ml pada fase kritis, dan 25.36 ng/ml pada fase konvalesens. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan dan hubungan bermakna antara kadar serta status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Kadar vitamin serum pada fase akut infeksi dengue memiliki korelasi positif dengan hitung trombosit terendah (p=0.03).Simpulan. Kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi pada anak tidak berbeda bermakna. Kadar vitamin D serum pada fase demam berhubungan dengan hitung trombosit terendah pada kasus dengue.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Vitamin D has an important role in modulating the immune system. Low level of vitamin D is frequently associated with higher risk of susceptibility and severity to various infectious disease. Studies on dengue infection and vitamin D are still limited. Until today dengue is known to have a high global burden of disease. Therefore, a continouing investigation on potential modulating factors that may be beneficial in the efforts of dengue prevention and management which includes vitamin D is still required.Objectives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference of vitamin D serum values in various levels of dengue infection severity in children in each phase of disease.Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2016 until January 2018 at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Sixty-one children with dengue infection were included in this study. Data were collected from medical records, ultrasonograpy, 25(OH)D laboratory test, and right lateral decubitus xray. Statistical analysis was calculated with anova, chi-square, fisher exact, linear and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance.Results. The mean value of 25(OH)D in dengue infection without plasma leakage (Dengeu Fever) is 24.6 ng/ml, while in dengue infection with plasma leakage (Dengue Hemorhaggic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome) the mean value are 26.66 ng/ml in febrile phase, 21.91 ng/ml in critical phase, and 25.36 ng/ml in convalescence phase. No significant difference and association were found between the values and status of vitamin D among various level of dengue infection severity. A positive linear correlation was found between the level of vitamin D in the febrile phase dengue infection and thrombocyte lowest count (p=0.03)Conclusions. There are no difference between the value of vitamin D among children with various levels of dengue infection severity in each phase of disease. Vitamin D serum level during febrile phase may have a role in predicting thrombocyte lowest count during dengue infection."

"Prevalensi penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV) meningkat seiring dengan proses penuaan. Aterosklerosis yang menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi dan diikuti peningkatan kadar C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D merupakan vitamin yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan dapat menurunkan kadar hsCRP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin D dengan kadar hsCRP pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Santunan Keluarga (Pusaka) 12 di Tomang dan Pusaka 39 di Senen pada pertengahan bulan Desember 2012 sampai bulan Januari 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling, dan didapatkan 71 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, asupan vitamin D dengan metode Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif serta total skor pajanan sinar matahari mingguan. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi kadar vitamin D dan hsCRP. Didapatkan median usia 69 (60-85) tahun dan 80,3% subyek adalah perempuan. Malnutrisi terdapat pada 71,8 % subyek. Asupan vitamin D menunjukkan 98,6% subyek memiliki asupan vitamin D kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Sebanyak 97,2% subyek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari rendah. Nilai rerata kadar vitamin D 38,02±12,94 nmol/L dan 78% subyek tergolong defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai median kadar hsCRP 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, dan 67,6% subyek tergolong risiko PKV sedang dan tinggi. Didapatkan korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan kadar hsCRP pada usila (r=0,168, p=0,162).

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The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases in the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of CVD which stimulate inflammation and followed by increase production of C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D is a vitamin which has anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce level of hsCRP. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between serum vitamin D level and hsCRP in elderly. Data collection was conducted during December 2012 to January 2013 on 2 selected Pusaka, Pusaka 12 (Tomang) and Pusaka 39 (Senen). Subjects were obtained using cluster random sampling method. A total of 71 elderly subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, vitamin D intake and weekly score of sunlight exposure. Anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of vitamin D and hsCRP. Majority of the subjects were female (80,3%), median age was 69 (60-85) years. Malnutrition was occured in 71.8% of the subjects. Intake of vitamin D showed 98.6% of the subjects were less than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Majority of the subjects had low score of sunlight exposure (97,2%). Mean of vitamin D levels 38,02±12,94 nmol/L, while 78% the of subjects were categorized as vitamin D deficiency. Median of hsCRP levels 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, while 67,6% subjects were at moderate and high risk of CVD. No significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and hsCRP levels (r=0,168, p=0,162)."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada serum maternal, darah tali pusat dan jaringan plasenta pada ibu hamil normal dan preeklamsia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 86 pasien yang melakukan persalinan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSUD Tangerang. Setelah itu data disajikan dalam tabel dan dianalisis dengan uji parametrik, yaitu uji-t berpasangan bila sebaran data normal atau uji non parametrik, yaitu uji Mann-Whitney bila sebaran data tidak normal Hasil: Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum maternal kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 16.30 6.20-49.00 ng/mL sedangkan pada sampel kelompok tidak preeklamsia, sebesar 13.50 4.80 ndash; 29.20 ng/mL di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0,459, dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 tali pusat kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 11.80 3.50 ndash; 38.60 ng/mL sedangkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia sebesar 11.70 1.00 ndash; 28.80 ng/m, di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0.964, dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 jaringan plasenta kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 49.00 22.00 ndash; 411.00 ng/mL. sedangkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, sebesar 43.40 11.80 ndash; 153.00 ng/mL, di mana didapatkan nilai p 0.354 dengan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik Didapatkan hasil kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum kelompok preeklamsia awitan dini sebesar 10.80 6.20 ndash; 41.90 ng/mL sedangkan kelompok preeklamsia awitan lanjut sebesar 18.00 7.00 ndash; 49.00 ng/mL dengan nilai p = 0,133, di mana tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan hasil kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 tali pusat kelompok preeklamsia awitan dini sebesar 10.65 3.50 ndash; 38.60 ng/mL. sedangkan pada kelompok preeklamsia awitan lanjut, sebesar 12.65 6.40 ndash; 33.20 ng/mL. di mana didapatkan nilai p = 0.377 dengan tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada jaringan plasenta kelompok preeklamsia sebesar 79.00 36.00 ndash; 411.00 ng/g. sedangkan pada kelompok tidak preeklamsia sebesar 40.00 22.00 ndash; 171.00 ng/g. di mana didapatkan nilai p 0.006, dengan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 jaringan plasenta Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada darah serum, tali pusat dan jaringan maternal pada wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsia. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada darah serum dan tali pusat pada wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsia Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada rerata kadar 25- OH -vitamin D3 pada plasenta wanita preeklamsia dan tidak preeklamsiaKata kunci: 25- OH -vitamin D3, preeklamsia, serum, tali pusat, jaringan plasenta

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Abstract Objective: This study is designed for comparing 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in maternal serum, cord blood and placental tissue in non preeclampsia and preeclampsia pregnant women.Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with the number of samples of 86 patients who deliver in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Tangerang District Hospital. After that the data is presented in the table and analyzed by parametric test, ie paired t-test when the distribution of normal data or non parametric test, ie Mann-Whitney test when the data distribution is not normal..Results: The serum maternal 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of preeclampsia group were 16.30 6.20-49.00 ng / mL while in the non-preeclamptic sample group, 13.50 4.80 - 29.20 ng / mL were obtained p = 0.459, with no statistically significant difference . The umbilical cord 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of preeclampsia group were 11.80 3.50 - 38.60 ng / mL while the preeclampsia group was 11.70 1.00 - 28.80 ng / m, where p = 0.964 was obtained, with no statistically significant difference. Obtained 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of placental tissue in the preeclampsia group by 49.00 22.00 - 411.00 ng / mL. while the group did not preeclampsia, amounting to 43.40 11.80 - 153.00 ng / mL, where p value of 0.354 was obtained with no statistically significant difference Earning serum 25- OH -vitamin D3 serum pre-eclampsia group onset was 10.80 6.20 - 41.90 ng / mL whereas the onset of pre-eclampsia group was 18.00 7.00 - 49.00 ng / mL with p value = 0.133, where no statistically significant difference was obtained. The results of the umbilical cord 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of early onset preeclampsia group were 10.65 3.50 - 38.60 ng / mL. whereas in the onset of pre-eclampsia group, it was 12.65 6.40 - 33.20 ng / mL. where obtained p value = 0.377 with no statistically significant difference. Obtained 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in placental tissue preeclampsia group of 79.00 36.00 - 411.00 ng / g. while in the pre-eclampsia group was 40.00 22.00 - 171.00 ng / g. where obtained p value of 0.006, with statistically significant difference in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels of placental tissueConclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in mean serum 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in serum, cord blood and maternal tissue in women with preeclampsia and not preeclampsia. There was no statistically significant difference in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in serum and umbilical blood in pre-eclampsia and non-preeclampsia women. There were statistically significant differences in mean 25- OH -vitamin D3 levels in female placenta preeclampsia and not preeclampsia Keywords: 25- OH -vitamin D3, preeclampsia, serum, umbilical cord, placental tissue "