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"Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan strategi antara REDD+ dibawah Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim (2015-2019) dan REDD+ dibawah BP REDD+ Indonesia (2010-2014), serta mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana peran REDD+ dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kajian ini berlandaskan metode kajian literatur serta data-data sekunder dalam mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan strategi antara REDD+ dibawah Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim (2015-2019) danREDD+ dibawah BP REDD+ Indonesia (2010-2014), dan bagaimana peran REDD+ dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. REDD+ di Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan kelembagaan REDD+, dari BP REDD+ Indonesia (2010-2014) ke DirektoratJenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim (2015-2019). Secara umum, tidak terdapat banyak perbedaan strategi kedua periode tersebut. Pengentasan kemiskinan dalam REDD+ sangat terkait dengan skema kehutanan sosial. Peningkatan kesejahteraan yang lebih baik di beberapa desa perhutanan sosial dipengaruhi beberapa hal oleh pendanaan dari NGO melalui REDD+.

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This study aims to identify and explain how the different strategies are between REDD + under the Directorate General of Climate Change (2015-2019) and REDD + under BP REDD + Indonesia (2010-2014) and identify and explain how the role of REDD + in poverty alleviation in Indonesia. This study is based on a literature review method andsecondary data in order to identify and explain how different strategies are between REDD + under the Directorate General of Climate Change (2015-2019) and REDD + under BP REDD + Indonesia (2010-2014), and how the role of REDD + in povertyalleviation in Indonesia. REDD + in Indonesia has experienced institutional changes in REDD +, from BP REDD + Indonesia (2010-2014) to the Directorate General of Climate Change Control (2015-2019). In general, there are not many differences in the strategies of the two periods. Poverty alleviation in REDD + is closely related to social forestry schemes. Increasing better welfare in several social forestry villages is influenced by several things by funding from NGOs through REDD +."

"Kyoto Protocol merupakan instrument utama dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim dengan periode komitmen pengurangan emisi yang akan berakhir pada tahun 2012. Hingga saat ini, belum terdapat keputusan mengenai bentuk mitigasi perubahan iklim setelah berakhirnya periode komitmen pertama tersebut. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) merupakan konsep mitigasi perubahan iklim khusus kehutanan yang telah menjadi wacana sejak tahun 2005 dan berpotensi menjadi skema pengurangan emisi untuk periode komitmen kedua. Sebagai pemilik wilayah hutan yang relatif besar, Indonesia telah aktif dalam berbagai program REDD, dan pada tahun 2011 menandatangani letter of intent dengan Norwegia yang berujung pada moratorium hutan nasional. Sebagai skema yang belum baku dalam tataran hukum lingkungan internasional, Indonesia dan Norwegia tidak wajib untuk mengurangi emisi dalam bentuk REDD. Namun kegiatan moratorium hutan tetap dilaksanakan dan hal tersebut tidak menutup kemungkinan Indonesia dapat memiliki peran dalam negosiasi periode komitmen kedua.

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Kyoto Protocol is the main instrument in the mitigation of climate change in the emissions reduction commitment period which ends in 2012. Up until today, there has not been any decision regarding the mitigation of climate change after the end of the first commitment period. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is a concept of climate change mitigation that has the potential of becoming the emissions reduction scheme in the second commitment period. As the owner of a relatively large area of forest, Indonesia has been active in various programs of REDD, and in 2011 it has entered a letter of intent with Norway that resulted in the application of national forestry moratorium. As a scheme that has not been standardized in the scope of international environmental law, Indonesia and Norway do not have the obligation to reduce emissions through REDD. However, forestry moratorium is still conducted and such activity opens the possibility of Indonesia to have a big role in the negotiations of the second commitment period."

"[Sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan penggunaan lahan lainnya (land use, land-use change and forestry/LULUCF) memiliki kontribusi hingga 20% untuk emisi gas rumah kaca. Salah satu skema yang dirancang sebagai upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim dari sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan penggunaan lahan lainnya (LULUCF) adalah program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi program REDD+ di Taman Nasional Bukit 12 (TNBD) serta menganalisa skenario alternatif program REDD+ berdasarkanhasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan sebagai upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mencari sebab kegagalan penerapan program REDD+ di TNBD yang telah disosialisasikan sejak tahun 2011. Selanjutnya analisa skenario alternatif dilakukan guna meningkatkan nilai cadangan karbon dan agar program REDD+ dapat berjalan dengan baik. Analisa skenario alternatif dilakukan menggunakan program GIS (Sistem Informasi Geografis) dengan parameter cadangan dan emisi karbon untuk analisa neraca massa karbon. Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakukan, cadangan karbon pada tahun 2001 hingga 2008 berkuranghingga 76 ton C/ha dan emisi karbon meningkat sebesar 95 ton C/ha. Dari 3 skenario alternatif yang dianalisa, skenario mengubah kebun homogen menjadi kebun campur menjadi skenario yang paling memungkinkan untuk dijalankan guna meningkatkan nilai cadangan karbon sekaligus menurunkan nilai emisi karbon di TNBD.;Agriculture, forestry, and other land use(land use, land-use change and forestry/LULUCF) contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions up to 20% globally. One of the designed schemes as climate change mitigation effort from agriculture, forestry, and other land use (LULUCF) is Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program, a scheme to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and also conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. This study evaluate REDD+ program in Taman Nasional Bukit 12 (TNBD) and rearrange REDD+program scenario based on evaluation result as climate change mitigation effort. Evaluation performed to indicate the cause of REDD+ program application failure in TNBD that have been socialized since 2011. Furthermore scenario rearrengement was done to increase carbon stock value and improve the application of REDD+ program., Agriculture, forestry, and other land use(land use, land-use change andforestry/LULUCF) contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions up to20% globally. One of the designed schemes as climate change mitigation effortfrom agriculture, forestry, and other land use (LULUCF) is Reducing Emissionsfrom Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program, a scheme toreduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation andalso conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forestcarbon stocks. This study evaluate REDD+ program in Taman Nasional Bukit 12(TNBD) and rearrange REDD+program scenario based on evaluation result asclimate change mitigation effort. Evaluation performed to indicate the cause ofREDD+ program application failure in TNBD that have been socialized since2011. Furthermore scenario rearrengement was done to increase carbon stockvalue and improve the application of REDD+ program.]"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai skema dan landasan hukum investasi swasta di proyek Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus Indonesia termasuk hambatan dan peluang yang dihadapi sektor swasta untuk terlibat dalam proyek REDD+ di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa skema dan landasan hukum investasi swasta dalam proyek REDD+ di Indonesia adalah dengan memohon Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Penyerapan dan/atau Penyimpanan Karbon (IUP RAP/PAN Karbon) ataupun Izin Penyelenggaraan Karbon dengan ataupun tanpa memperoleh terlebih dahulu Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu Restorasi Ekosistem (IUPHHK-RE). Hambatan yang dihadapi sektor swasta adalah ketidakjelasan terhadap hak atas karbon, ketidakberlakukan ataupun absennya ketentuan terkait pajak karbon dan perdagangan karbon, serta belum adanya insentif bagi sektor swasta yang berinvestasi di Proyek REDD+. Sedangkan, peluang bagi sektor swasta adalah restorasi ekosistem tidak terkena dampak moratorium penundaan izin baru dan merupakan salah satu sasaran strategis Kementerian Kehutanan untuk mencapai prioritas pembangunan serta sistem perizinan berbasis online.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explains about scheme and legal basis for private investment in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus Project Indonesia. It further elaborates the obstacles and opportunities faced by private sector investing in the REDD+ project. In arranging this thesis, the writer uses typology of normative legal research. Based on the research, it is concluded that Carbon Storage License/Carbon Sequestration License (IUP RAP/PAN Karbon) or Forest Carbon License (Izin Penyelenggaraan Karbon) with or without applying initial Restoration Ecosystem License (IUPHHK-RE) are the scheme and legal basis for REDD+ project. Obstacles faced by private sector are uncertainty of carbon rights, absence of laws and regulations in relation to carbon tax and carbon trading scheme, and lack of incentive. Whilst, the opportunities are restoration ecosystems that are not affected by licenses moratorium and that one of the Ministry of Forestry’s strategic goal to achieve development priorities as well as online based licensing system."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi Letter of Intent (LoI) antara Norwegia dan Indonesia. Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 sampai 26% pada 2020 dan Pemerintah Norwegia menyambut baik komitmen ini dengan menyetujui penandatanganan Letter of Intent. LoI memuat komitmen Indonesia untuk mengurangi emisi yang dihasilkan dari deforestasi, degradasi hutan, dan konversi lahan gambut, sementara Norwegia akan membiayai kegiatan REDD+ di Indonesia sebesar US$ satu miliar. Penulis akan membahas mengenai implementasi LoI, dimulai dari tahap pembuatan perjanjian sampai dengan tahap Demonstration Activities. Dalam skripsi ini juga akan dibahas mengenai perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat dan masyarakat lokal dalam pelaksanaan LoI di Indonesia.

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This final paper deals with the implementation of Letter of Intent (LoI) between Norway and Indonesia. Indonesia has committed to reduce CO2 emissions to 26% by 2020 and Government of Norway welcomes this commitment by approving the signing of Letter of Intent. The LoI contains the commitment of Indonesia to reduce emissions resulting from deforestation, forest degradation and, peat land conversion, while Norway will finance the activities of REDD+ in Indonesia as much as one billion United States dollar.

The author will discuss the whole implementation of LoI, starting from the negotiation to demonstration activities phase. This final paper will also discuss about protection of the rights of native people and local people in the implementation of the LoI in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas program REDD+ sebagai skema yang dibentuk PBB dalam upaya mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim, ditinjau dari gambaran yang dipublikasikan Media Indonesia online. Media Indonesia online dipilih karena selain menjadi salah satu media massa nasional beroplah tinggi, juga setiap saat dapat diakses secara cepat, mudah dan praktis. Konten berita dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berita mengenai program REDD+ di Media Indonesia online secara implisit mengutamakan ideologi pemilik modal dan mendukung kapitalisme pemerintah dalam mengelola keuntungan yang didapat dari program REDD+.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis is discussing about REDD+ program as scheme made by the UN in their effort to overcome the impact of climate change that was reviewed in online version of Media Indonesia. Media Indonesia online was chosen as it is one of the biggest circulation national media, easily accessed, simple and practical. The news content is about REDD+ program which analyzed descriptively using quantitative research method. The result of the research indicated that news about REDD+ in Media Indonesia online prioritizes implicitly the ideology of its hareholders and frames the government's capitalism in managing profit from REDD+ program."

"A new scheme called ?Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries plus Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks? (REDD+) is being discussed to be one of the essential elements of the post-2012 global climate change regime. Many countries have put their proposal on the architectures of such scheme to the UNFCCC and demonstrated pilot projects on the ground as well. The research has been conducted to analyze critically the extent to which the REDD+ architecture being designed in Indonesia would be able to deliver climate effectiveness, costs efficient, equity outcomes and social and environmental co-benefits (3E+). It is argued that the basic idea of REDD+ is very simple to incentivize emission-reduction activities from forestry sectors in developing countries. However, so far, the REDD+ architecture appears to contain several contentious issues. Therefore, the issues should be addressed seriously otherwise they would undermine the REDD+ objectives."