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"Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) diketahui memiliki konsentrasi yang cenderung lebih tinggi pada wanita endometriosis dibandingkan dengan wanita tanpa endometriosis. Metilasi DNA pada daerah promotor NGF diyakini sebagai salah satu penyebab meningkatnya konsentrasi NGF pada wanita endometriosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara metilasi DNA dengan ekspresi mRNA NGF pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis. Sebanyak 10 sampel darah menstruasi dari masing-masing wanita endometriosis dan wanita tanpa endometriosis digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tingkat metilasi DNA NGF dihitung menggunakan Methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP-PCR), kemudian intensitas pita yang muncul diukur menggunakan software ImageJ. Nilai ekspresi mRNA NGF dihitung menggunakan Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT PCR). Analisis korelasi, selanjutnya, dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat metilasi DNA NGF memiliki tendensi yang rendah pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis sebesar 35,27%. Ekspresi relatif mRNA NGF menunjukkan tendensi peningkatan 19,229 lebih tinggi pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis. Tingkat metilasi DNA dan ekspresi mRNA NGF tidak menunjukkan perbedaan baik pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis maupun wanita tanpa endometriosis dengan nilai p > 0,05. Korelasi metilasi DNA dengan ekspresi mRNA NGF pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis tidak dapat dianalisis karena data yang tersedia sangat terbatas.

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Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is known to have higher concentrations in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. DNA methylation in the NGF promoter region is believed to cause the increase of NGF concentrations in women with endometriosis. This study is conducted to determine the correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression of NGF in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis. A total of 10 menstrual blood samples from women with endometriosis and women without endometriosis were used in this study. DNA methylation level of NGF was measured using Methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP-PCR) and the intensity of the bands were subsequently measured using ImageJ software, while mRNA expression values of NGF ​​were measured using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT PCR). Furthermore, the correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS application. The results exhibited that the methylation level of NGF shows a low tendency in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis of 35.27%. The relative mRNA expression of NGF showed a tendency to increase 19,229-fold higher in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis. The DNA methylation level and mRNA expression of NGF showed no difference in both menstrual blood of women with endometriosis and women without endometriosis with p value > 0,05. The correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression of NGF in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis could not be analyzed because of very limited data."

"Latar Belakang: Endometriosis merupakan penyakit multifaktorial yang mempengaruhi 10% wanita usia subur. Diketahui bahwa gen EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami peningkatan ekspresi pada endometriosis sehingga memiliki peran dalam perkembangan endometriosis, dan gen yang dapat meregulasi sitoskeleton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara tingkat metilasi gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dengan ekspresi mRNA-nya pada jaringan endometriosis peritoneum.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 20 wanita endometriosis dan 20 wanita bukan endometriosis yang usianya sekitar 20-45 tahun. Pada wanita endometriosis diambil jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dengan tindakan laparoskopi, sedangkan 20 wanita bukan endometriosis diambil jaringan endometrium normal dengan tindakan mikrokuretase. Tingkat metilasi DNA gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dianalisis dengan metode Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) dan Ekspresi mRNA gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dianalisis dengan metode qRT-PCR.Hasil: Tingkat metilasi DNA pada gen EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami hipermetilasi. Pada gen EGFR, tingkat metilasi DNA antara jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dibandingkan dengan jaringan endometrium normal terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,001), sedangkan pada gen MMP-2 tingkat metilasi DNA-nya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,596) antara jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dibandingkan dengan jaringan endometrium normal. Nilai ekspresi relatif mRNA EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami peningkatan ekspresi pada jaringan endometriosis peritoneum. Penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna antara tingkat metilasi dengan tingginya ekspresi mRNA baik gen EGFR maupun MMP-2. (gen EGFR (p=0,947 dan r=-0,016) dan gen MMP-2 (p=0.769 dan r=0.070)Kesimpulan: Tingginya ekspresi mRNA EGFR dan gen MMP-2, kemungkinan bukan hanya disebabkan karena faktor metilasi DNA, melainkan faktor lainnya.

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Background: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease that affects 10% of women of childbearing age. It is known that the EGFR and MMP-2 genes have increased expression in endometriosis and thus have a role in the development of endometriosis, and genes that can regulate the cytoskeleton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of methylation of the EGFR and MMP-2 genes with their mRNA expression in peritoneal endometriosis tissue.

Method: The study used a cross sectional design. The sample used was 20 women with endometriosis and 20 women without endometriosis who were around 20-45 years old. In endometriosis women are taken to peritoneal endometriosis tissue by laparoscopic, while 20 women without endometriosis are taken to normal endometrial tissue by microcuretase. The levels of EGFR and MMP-2 gene methylation were analyzed by the Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) method and the mRNA expression of the EGFR and MMP-2 genes were analyzed by the qRT-PCR method.

Results: The level of DNA methylation in the EGFR and MMP-2 genes was hypermethylated. In the EGFR gene between peritoneal endometriosis tissue compared to normal endometrial tissue there were significant differences (p=0,001), whereas in the MMP-2 gene there was no significant difference (p=0.596) between peritoneal endometriosis tissue compared to normal endometrial tissue. The relative expression value of EGFR and MMP-2 mRNA has increased expression in peritoneal endometriosis tissue. This study did not show a significant correlation between the level of methylation and the high mRNA expression in both the EGFR and MMP-2 genes. (EGFR gene (p=0.947 and r=-0.016) and MMP-2 gene (p=0.769 and r=0.070)

Conclusion: The high expression of EGFR mRNA and MMP-2 gene, the possibility is not only due to hypermethylation factors, but other factors."

"Latar Belakang: TNF-α dan CXCL16 terlibat dalam patofisiologi endometriosis melalui regulasi respon inflamasi dan pengkode nyeri endometriosis. Peningkatan TNF-α berperan dalam jalur pensinyalan P53 untuk apoptosis. Darah menstruasi sebagai pelepasan jaringan endometrium dapat digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi biomarker untuk diagnosis penyakit endometriosis tanpa memerlukan biopsi. Metode: Sampel darah menstruasi subjek dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pembalut kertas saring dan jaringan endometrium dikumpulkan dengan melakukan biopsi, yang kemudian diekstraksi DNA dan RNA-nya. Tingkat metilasi DNA diukur dengan menggunakan metode pyrosequencing. Tingkat ekspresi mRNA diukur dengan menggunakan metode qPCR dan dianalisis dengan metode Livak Hasil: Ekspresi mRNA gen TNF-α pada darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis meningkat signifikan 3,73 kali lipat dibandingkan ekspresi pada kontrol (p=0,005). Gen TNF-α mengalami hipermetilasi dan berbeda bermakna dalam darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis dibandingkan kontrol (p=0,008). Sedangkan ekspresi mRNA gen CXCL16 pada darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis meningkat 2,42 kali (p=0,030) dibandingkan ekspresi mRNA darah menstruasi pada kontrol. Gen CXCL16 mengalami hipometilasi (p=0,004). Pada P53 terjadi terjadi peningkatan ekspresi gen P53 1,52 kali. Ekspresi mRNA gen TNF-α dan CXCL16 pada subjek nyeri berat lebih tinggi dibandingkan subjek nyeri sedang, dan terdapat korelasi positive. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan ekspresi mRNA TNF-α dan CXCL16 dalam darah menstruasi pasien endometriosis dapat menjadi penanda langsung untuk mendiagnosis endometriosis. Namun, untuk memvalidasi lebih lanjut temuan ini dan mengeksplorasi potensi sebagai alat diagnostik, penelitian tambahan yang melibatkan kelompok pasien yang lebih besar diperlukan

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Background: TNF-α and CXCL16 are implicated in the pathophysiology of endometriosis through the regulation of inflammatory response and the coding of endometriosis pain. Elevated TNF-α is implicated in the P53 signaling pathway for apoptosis. Menstrual blood, as a discharge of endometrial tissue, presents an opportunity for identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis without resorting to biopsy. Method: Menstrual blood samples were collected using filter paper pads, and endometrial tissues were obtained via biopsy, from which DNA and RNA were extracted. DNA methylation levels were assessed using the pyrosequencing method after bisulfite conversion treatment. Meanwhile, mRNA expression levels were measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and analyzed using the Livak method. Results: The mRNA expression of the TNF-α gene in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients increased significantly by 3.73 times compared to controls (p=0.005). The TNF-α gene exhibited hypermethylation, significantly differing in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients compared to controls (p=0.008). The mRNA expression of the CXCL16 gene in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients increased by 2.42 times (p=0.030) compared to controls, although there was no significant difference in expression between menstrual blood and endometrial tissue in endometriosis patients (p=0.173). The CXCL16 gene displayed hypomethylation (p=0.004). There was an increase in P53 gene expression, which was 1.52 times higher than in control menstrual blood. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and CXCL16 genes in subjects experiencing severe pain was higher than in those with moderate pain, and there was a positive correlation. Conclusion: This study suggests that increased mRNA expression of TNF-α and CXCL16 in menstrual blood of endometriosis patients may serve as direct markers for diagnosing endometriosis. However, further validation of these findings and exploration of their potential as diagnostic tools requires additional studies involving larger patient cohorts."

"Latar belakang: Resistensi progesteron akibat gangguan ekspresi reseptor progesteron pada jaringan endometriosis telah diketahui menjadi faktor yang memperberat kondisi klinis pasien endometriosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat metilasi DNA pada promoter gen PR-B pada berbagai jaringan endometriosis seperti eutopik endometrium, lesi ektopik peritoneum, endometrioma dan darah menstruasi serta pengaruhnya terhadap ekspresi mRNAnya dibandingkan dengan kontrol endometrium normal; untuk mengetahui patomekanisme endometriosis pada berbagai lokasi terkait dengan resistensi progesteron.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang melibatkan 20 sampel untuk masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Tingkat metilasi DNA dari gen PR-B diukur menggunakan metode Methylated Specific PCR MSP lalu intensitas pita di dalam gel agarose dihitung dengan software ImageJ. Presentase intensitas pita pada sampel dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif disebut dengan tingkat metilasi DNA. Pengukuran ekspresi relatif mRNA PR-B menggunakan qRT-PCR dua tahap dan analisis dilakukan dengan metode Livak.Hasil: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat metilasi DNA gen PR-B pada jaringan endometriosis ektopik peritoneum 72,4 termetilasi , endometrioma 85 termetilasi dan eutopik endometrium 72,21 termetilasi dibandingan dengan kontrol p

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Background: Progesterone resistance, due to alteration of progesterone receptor PR expression in endometriosis, was known as a disrupt factor in response to progesterone. The aim of this study is to analyze DNA methylation level on PR B promoter in various tissues include eutopic endometrium, ectopic peritoneal, endometrioma and menstrual blood from endometriosis patient as well as the implication on it's mRNA relatif expression compare with normal endometrium control to know the patomechanisms of endometriosis in various lession in term of progesterone resistance.

Methods: It was a cross sectional study, involved 20 sample for both patient and control. DNA isolate from each sample were converted by bisulfite conversion. DNA methylation level of PR B gene was analysis by Methylated Specific PCR MSP method, then band intensity in gel agarose was measured by ImageJ software. Percentage of band intensity in sample compared with positive control was determined as DNA methylaton level. Quantitative real time PCR was conducted to assess expression of mRNA PR B for each sample and Livak method was used to analysis it's relatif expression compare with control.

Result: There were significant different of methylation level of PR B gene in ectopic peritoneal endometriosis 72,40 methylated , endometrioma 85 methylated and eutopic endometrium 72,21 methylated compared with control p"

"Latar belakang: Telah dilaporkan bahwa terdapat perubahan pada ekspresi dari ribuan gen di jaringan endometrium endometriosis, termasuk diantaranya adalah gen FN1 dan RAC1. Perubahan ekspresi gen tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh mekanisme epigenetik seperti perubahan tingkat metilasi DNA pada gen.Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat metilasi DNA pada gen FN1 dan RAC1 serta ekspresi mRNAnya pada jaringan endometrium subjek endometriosis dan nir-endometriosis.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 dari jaringan endometrium subjek endometriosis dan subjek nir-endometriosis. Sampel diambil dengan teknik mikrokuretase di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo dan RS Fatmawati Jakarta. Pada jaringan kemudian dilakukan isolasi DNA dan RNA. Pada isolat DNA dilakukan konversi bisulfit, MSP, elektroforesis dan analisis intensitas pita menggunakan software ImageJ untuk mendapatkan data persentase tingkat metilasi DNA. Pada isolat RNA dilakukan qRT-PCR untuk mendapatkan ekspresi relatif mRNA gen FN1 dan RAC1.Hasil: Analisis persentase tingkat metilasi DNA promotor menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,022) pada gen FN1 pada pasien endometriosis (37,95%) dibandingkan nir-endometriosis (59,22 %), sedangkan pada gen RAC1 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,63) dengan tingkat metilasi subjek endometriosis (28.45%) dan subjek nir-endometriosis (26.11%). Penelitian ini juga melaporkan terjadinya peningkatan ekspresi relatif mRNA gen FN1 dan RAC1 dibandingkan dengan subjek nir-endometriosis, namun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna antara tingkat metilasi gen FN1 dan RAC1 dengan ekspresi mRNAnya.Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan tingkat metilasi yang bermakna pada gen FN1 di jaringan endometrium endometriosis, namun tidak berkorelasi dengan peningkatan mRNA nya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat metilasi dan ekspresi mRNA pada gen RAC1 di jaringan endometrium subjek endometriosis dibandingkan dengan nir endometriosis.

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It has been reported that there was a changes in the expression of thousands of genes in endometrial endometriosis tissues, including the FN1 and RAC1 genes. Changes in gene expression can be caused by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation in genes.

Objective: To determine the level of DNA methylation in FN1 and RAC1 genes and their mRNA expression in endometrial tissue of endometriosis and non-ndometriosis.

Method: This study was designed as cross sectional with a total sample of 40 of endometrial tissues in the subject of endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Samples were taken by microcuretase at Ciptomangunkusumo and Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta. DNA and RNA was isolated. DNA isolates were converted by bisulfite procedure, MSP conversion, electrophoresis, analyzed intensity of the band which appeared on gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software to obtain the percentage data of DNA methylation level. In RNA isolates, it was analyzed using qRT-PCR methode to obtain the relative mRNA expression level.

Results: Analysis of percentage of DNA methylation level showed significant differences (p=0.022) in the FN1 gene (37.95%) compared to non-endometriosis (59.22%), whereas in the RAC1 gene there was no significant difference (p=0,63) with methylation level of endometriosis subjects (28.45%) and non-endometriosis subjects (26.11%). For relative mRNA expression of FN1 and RAC1 genes showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). For correlation in endometrial endometriosis showed no significant between the rate of methylation of the FN1 and RAC1 genes with their mRNA expression.

Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in DNA methylation level of FN1 gene in endometrial endometriosis tissues, but it did not correlate with the increasing in its mRNA expression. There was no significant difference in DNA methylation level and mRNA expression of RAC1 gene in endometrial tissues of endometriosis subjects compared to non-endometriosis."

"Endometriosis sering dikaitkan dengan nyeri menstruasi dan nyeri pelvis. Penyakit ini terjadi sekitar 10-15% pada perempuan usia reproduksi . NGF, TRPA1 dan reseptor P2RX3 aktivitas gen terlibat dalam respon nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat ekspresi mRNA gen NGF, reseptor TRPA1 dan reseptor P2RX3 yang diduga disebabkan oleh perubahan tingkat metilasi DNA promoter gen tersebut, serta hubungannya pada intensitas nyeri subjek endometriosis.Sampel jaringan endometrium dan susukan endometriosis peritoneum diperoleh dari 20 subjek endometriosis, sementara jaringan endometrium kontrol diperoleh dari 20 subjek nir endometriosis. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis metilasi DNA yaitu metode MSP dan perangkat lunak Image-J digunakan untuk menganalisis intensitas pita metilasi dari gen NGF, reseptor TRPA1 dan reseptor P2RX3R, selanjutnya digunakan metode qRT-PCR untuk analisis tingkat mRNA gen-gen tersebut. Penilaian intensitas nyeri dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner standar skala penilaian numerik (NRS) melalui wawancara dengan pasien. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara intensitas nyeri dan kejadian endometriosis (p>0,001). Hasil tersebut dibuktikan dengan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna tingkat ekspresi relatif mRNA gen NGF, reseptor P2RX3 antara jaringan endometrium endometriosis dibandingkan dengan subjek nir endometriosis masing-masing nilai p= <0,05. Terdapat juga perbedaan yang bermakna tingkat metilasi DNA promotor gen NGF dan reseptor P2RX3 antara jaringan endometrium endometriosis dengan endometrium nir endometriosis (p<0,05). Selanjutnya, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspesi mRNA NGF dan reseptor Reseptor P2RX3 dengan intensitas nyeri pada endometriosis (p<0,05), namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat metilasi DNA dengan ekspresi relatif mRNA gen NGF, reseptor reseptor TRPA1 pada endometriosis begitupun antara metilasi DNA dengan intensitas nyeri pada ketiga gen tersebut (p>0,05). Terjadi perubahan ekspresi relatif mRNA gen NGF, reseptor TRPA1 dan reseptor P2RX3 pada subjek endometriosis yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan intensitas nyeri pada endometriosis, namun mekanisme epigenetik metilasi DNA pada penelitian tersebut tidak berhubungan pada intensitas nyeri endometriosis.

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Endometriosis is often associated with both cyclic menstrual pain and pelvic pain. It affects 10% of reproductive age women. NGF, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors gene activity are found to be involved in pain response. This study aims to analyze the methylation level of NGF gene, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors that might alter the mRNA expression in peritoneal endometriosis and endometrial tissue, as well as its correlation to the pain level in endometriosis patients.20 endometrial tissues and 20 peritoneal endometriosis tissues were obtained from patients, while 20 endometrium tissues as control were obtained from healthy women. First, each participant was given informed consent before the research begin. We used methylation specific PCR (MSP) and Image-J software to analyze the methylation level of NGF gene, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors; electrophoresis to analyze the band intensity; qRT-PCR to evaluate the mRNA level in each gene. Finally, we evaluated the pain level using the standardized questionnaire of numeric rating scale (NRS) by doing interviews with patients. In this study, it was found that there is a significant relationship between pain intensity and the incidence of endometriosis (p> 0.001). This results is proven by a significant difference in the mRNA expression level of NGF gene and P2RX3 receptor between endometrial endometriosis and endometrial non-endometriosis tissues, with each p value = <0.05. There is also a significant difference in the DNA methylation level of NGF gene and P2RX3 receptor between endometrial endometriosis and endometrial non-endometriosis tissues (p <0.05). There is a significant relationship between the mRNA expression level of NGF gene, P2RX3 receptor and pain intensity in endometrial endometriosis tissues (p <0.05). However, the results showed that there is no correlation between the DNA methylation level and the mRNA expression of NGF gene, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors. There is also no correlation between the DNA methylation level of NGF gene, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors and pain intensity in endometriosis tissue. There is an alteration of mRNA expression of NGF gene, TRPA1 and P2RX3 receptors which correlates to pain intensity in endometriosis patients. However, there is no correlation between DNA methylation level and pain intensity in endometriosis patients."

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi kronis yang ditandai dengan sel-sel kelenjar dan stroma endometrium yang tumbuh di luar rongga uterus dan dapat mengganggu reseptivitas endometrium. Standar emas untuk diagnosis endometriosis adalah dengan melakukan operasi laparoskopi. Prosedur ini merupakan prosedur invasif yang memiliki risiko melukai endometrium. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan diagnosis noninvasif untuk endometriosis yang dapat mengurangi ketidaknyamanan penderita. Salah satu metode noninvasif yang dapat digunakan adalah deteksi biomarker. Salah satu biomarker yang menandakan reseptivitas endometrium adalah Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi ekspresi gen LIF dari sampel darah perifer pada wanita penderita endometriosis dan wanita normal yang sedang menjalani program in-vitro fertilization (IVF) sebagai penanda reseptivitas endometrium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis 15 sampel darah wanita pengidap endometriosis dan 15 sampel darah wanita normal menggunakan metode RT-qPCR absolut dengan kurva standar. Kurva standar dibuat dengan fragmen gen LIF, didapatkan nilai efisiensi sebesar 117,74% dan nilai R2 sebesai 0,880345. Kedua nilai tersebut tidak masuk ke dalam kriteria yang baik. Sementara itu, Uji-U Mann-Whitney menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada ekspresi gen LIF dari sampel darah wanita penderita endometriosis dan gen LIF dari sampel darah wanita normal. Ekspresi gen LIF terdeteksi pada darah perifer sehingga gen LIF memiliki potensi kuat untuk menjadi biomarker reseptivitas endometrium pada wanita penderita endometriosis. Namun, ekspresi gen LIF pada sampel darah wanita penderita endometriosis dan sampel darah wanita tanpa endometriosis tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata.

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Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by endometrial glandular and stromal cells that grow outside the uterine cavity and can interfere with endometrial receptivity. The gold standard for the endometriosis diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is an invasive procedure that carries the risk of injuring the endometrium. Therefore, a noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis is needed which can reduce the number of sufferers. One of the non-invasive methods that can be used is biomarker detection. One of the biomarkers that indicates endometrial receptivity is Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). This study aims to detect LIF gene expression from blood samples in women with endometriosis and normal women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) as a marker of endometrial receptivity. This study was conducted by analyzing 15 blood samples of women with endometriosis and 15 normal women blood samples using absolute RT-qPCR method with standard curves. The standard curve was made with the LIF gene fragment, getting an efficiency value of 117.74% and an R2 value of 0.880345. Both values do not fit into a good criterion. Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant difference in the expression of the LIF gene from blood samples of women with endometriosis and the LIF gene from blood samples of normal women. Expression of LIF was detected in peripheral blood so that the LIF has a strong potential to be a biomarker of endometrial receptivity in women with endometriosis. However, the expression of the LIF in blood samples of women with endometriosis and blood samples of women without endometriosis did not show significant differences."

"Latar Belakang: Aktivitas penyakit Artritis Reumatoid (AR) merupakan ekspresi dari kaskade inflamasi. Inflamasi jaringan sinovium yang disertai pembentukan pannus memerlukan asupan nutrisi dan oksigen melalui angiogenesis. Peningkatan penanda angiogenik menunjukkan inflamasi sendi yang progresif dan peningkatan aktivitas penyakit. Salah satu faktor pertumbuhan yang memiliki peran pada angiogenesis adalah nerve growth factor (NGF). Beberapa penelitian terdahulu mendapatkan kadar NGF yang meningkat baik pada serum maupun pada cairan sinovium pasien AR. Nerve growth factor (NGF) dapat menginduksi faktor-faktor pro-angiogenik dan faktor pertumbuhan lain yang berperan pada AR. Saat ini belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan kadar serum NGF terhadap aktivitas penyakit AR. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit (yang dinilai dengan DAS28 LED dan DAS28 CRP) pada pasien AR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang yang mengevaluasi kadar NGF menggunakan two site immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) pada 50 pasien (47 orang perempuan dan 3 orang laki-laki) AR di poliklinik Reumatologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Oktober sampai Desember 2015. Aktivitas penyakit AR pada penelitian ini dinilai menggunakan skor DAS28 LED dan DAS28 CRP melalui kalkulator yang diakses dari internet pada http://www.das-score.nl/. Analisis statistik bivariat digunakan untuk mendapatkan korelasi antara NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit AR. Hasil: Rerata usia subjek penelitian ini adalah 43,44 tahun. Median kadar serum NGF adalah 4,33 pg/mL (2,35-20,83). Hasil analisis memperlihatkan korelasi antara kadar serum NGF dengan skor DAS28 LED (r = +0,427; p = 0,002) dan DAS28 CRP (r =+0.407; p = 0,003). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif sedang antara kadar serum NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit AR.

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Background: Disease activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an expression of the inflammatory cascade. Disease activity of a given joint is correlated with the synovial vascularization. Synovial tissue inflammation accompanied by pannus formation requires intake of nutrients and oxygen through angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays an integral part of the development of the pannus formation. Increased angiogenic markers shows a progressive increase of joint inflammation and disease activity. One of the contributing factors to angiogenesis is the nerve growth factor (NGF). Several previous studies show increased NGF concentrations in both the serum and synovial fluid of RA. Nerve growth factor can induce pro-angiogenic factors and other growth factors contribute in RA. Currently, there has not been any studies yet that correlates the NGF serum concentration with RA disease activity.

Objective: To determine the correlation between the serum concentration of NGF and disease activity of RA patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (using DAS28 ESR and DAS28 CRP score).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. Recruited were 50 RA patients (47 women and 3 men) of outpatient clinic of Rheumatology at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from October to December 2015. Concentrations of NGF were evaluated with a two site immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Disease activity in this study was assessed using DAS28 ESR and DAS28 CRP score using a calculator accessible from the internet on http://www.das-score.nl/. The correlation between NGF with disease activity was analyzed by bivariate analysis.

Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 43.44 years. Median serum NGF was 4.33 pg / mL (2.35 to 20.83). The results shows correlation between serum NGF with DAS28 ESR (r = +0.427; p = 0.002) and DAS28 CRP (r = + 0407; p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Significant positive correlation between serum concentration of NGF with diesease activity in patient with AR was found."

"Latar belakang: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor MPNST, merupakan sarkoma jaringan lunak yang prognosis nya buruk karena tidak responsif terhadap kemoterapi. Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR terlibat dalam transduksi sinyal mitogenik dan jalur proliferasi sel. Ekspresi EGFR yang tinggi pada tumor sudah dipakai untuk menentukan apakah tumor dapat diberikan terapi anti-EGFR. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan ekspresi EGFR pada MPNST derajat tinggi dan derajat rendah serta ekspresi EGFR sebagai faktor prognostik. Metode: Penenelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang, restrospektif, deskriptif. Sampel terdiri atas 20 kasus MPNST derajat rendah dan 20 kasus MPNST derajat tinggi yang telah didiagnosis selama periode 2007-2015. Dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia dengan antibodi monoklonal EGFR. Selanjutnya dilakukan scoring berdasarkan persentase sel dengan membrane dan atau sitoplasma yang berwarna coklat pada 500 sel/5 LPB : 0 tidak terpulas, 1 terpulas 30. Perbedaan ekspresi EGFR pada MPNST derajat tinggi dan derajat rendah dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Selain itu di analisis hubungan antara ekspresi EGFR dengan umur, lokasi dan ukuran tumor. Hasil: Ditemukan ekspresi EGFR yang lebih tinggi pada MPNST derajat tinggi dibandingkan dengan MPNST derajat rendah yang secara statisitk bermakna p=0,000. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara ekspresi EGFR dengan umur, lokasi maupun ukuran tumor. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi EGFR yang tinggi dapat digunakan untuk dasar memberikan terapi anti-EGFR pada MPNST derajat tinggi.

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Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheat tumor MPNST is a sarcoma that is difficult to differentiate with other spindle cell sarcomas, because of their similar morphology. The behavior of MPNST is aggressive, with a high recurrence and tend to metastases hematogenous, especially to lung. Histologic type and location are amongs factors that determine prognosis of MPNST. Combined therapies on MPNST which consist of complete resection, chemoterapy, and radiation do not increase the survival. Anti EGFR therapy has been used in epithelial tumor, while its use in sarcoma is still in research. The aim of this study is to see the correlation between expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and histopathology grading and other prognostic clinical variables.

Method: This was a retrospective cross sectional study, using consecutive sampling. The cases consist of 20 low grade MPNST and 20 high grade MPNST in Departement of Anatomical Pathology FKUI RSCM 2007 2015.MPNST was diagnosed by histopathology and confirmed by immunostaining.EGFR immunostaining was performed and scored semiquantitatively. Analysis the correlation between over expression of EGFR and histopathology grading and other clinical variables, such as age, sex, size, location of the tumor and margin of the tumor.

Result: Overexpression of EGFR was observed in 80 cases of high grade MPNST and 20 cases of low grade MPNST p 0,000. There is a significant correlation between EGFR over expression and histopathology grade. There is no correlation between EGFR expression and age, sex, size, location of the tumor and margin of the tumor.

Conclusion: High expression of EGFR is in parallel with high histologic grade, therefore it may be of additional use as prognostic factor."

"Latar belakang: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor MPNST adalah sarkoma jaringan lunak yang sulit dibedakan dengan beberapa sarkoma sel spindel karena morfologinya yang serupa. MPNST bersifat agresif dengan angka rekurensi yang tinggi dan cenderung bermetastasis terutama ke paru.Tipe histologik dan lokasi termasuk faktor yang menentukan prognosis MPNST. Terapi kombinasi pada MPNST dengan reseksi komplit, kemoterapi, dan radiasi belum meningkatkan kesintasan pasien MPNST. Anti terhadap Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR telah dipakai dalam terapi untuk tumor epitelial ganas, sedangkan penggunaannya pada sarkoma masih dalam penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara peningkatan ekspresi EGFR dengan derajat keganasan histologik dan variabel prognostik klinis lainnya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan pemilihan sampel secara konsekutif. Sampel terdiri atas 20 kasus MPNST derajat rendah dan 20 kasus MPNST derajat tinggi di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSCM tahun 2007-2015. Diagnosis MPNST ditegakkan secara histopatologik dan imunohistokimia. Dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia EGFR pada MPNST derajat tinggi dan MPNST derajat rendah dengan penilaian semikuantitatif, serta menganalisis hubungan antara peningkatan ekspresi EGFR dengan derajat keganasan dan variabel klinis seperti usia, jenis kelamin, ukuran, lokasi tumor dan batas sayatan. Hasil: Ekspresi EGFR pada MPNST derajat tinggi lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan MPNST derajat rendah 80 vs 20 , p=0,000 .Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara peningkatan ekspresi EGFR dengan derajat keganasan MPNST. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara ekspresi EGFR dengan usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi tumor, ukuran tumor dan batas sayatan. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan ekspresi EGFR sejalan dengan peningkatan derajat histologik, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membantu menentukan progressifitas MPNST.

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Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheat tumor MPNST is a sarcoma that is difficult to differentiate with other spindle cell sarcomas, because of their similar morphology. The behavior of MPNST is aggressive, with a high recurrence and tend to metastases hematogenous, especially to lung. Histologic type and location are amongs factors that determine prognosis of MPNST. Combined therapies on MPNST which consist of complete resection, chemoterapy, and radiation do not increase the survival. Anti EGFR therapy has been used in epithelial tumor, while its use in sarcoma is still in research. The aim of this study is to see the correlation between expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and histopathology grading and other prognostic clinical variables.

Method: This was a retrospective cross sectional study, using consecutive sampling. The cases consist of 20 low grade MPNST and 20 high grade MPNST in Departement of Anatomical Pathology FKUI RSCM 2007 2015. MPNST was diagnosed by histopathology and confirmed by immunostaining.EGFR immunostaining was performed and scored semiquantitatively. Analysis the correlation between over expression of EGFR and histopathology grading and other clinical variables, such as age, sex, size , location of the tumor and margin of the tumor.

Result: Overexpression of EGFR was observed in 80 cases of high grade MPNST and 20 cases of low grade MPNST p 0,000 . There is a significant correlation between EGFR over expression and histopathology grade. There is no correlation between EGFR expression and age, sex, size, location of the tumor and margin of the tumor.

Conclusion: High expression of EGFR is in parallel with high histologic grade, therefore it may be of additional use as prognostic factor. "