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"Resolusi Uniting for Peace diadopsi oleh Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada 1950. Tujuannya adalah untuk memungkinkan Majelis Umum menanggapi suatu permasalahan yang mengancam perdamaian dan keamanan dunia apabila Dewan Keamanan sedang buntu karena penggunaan hak veto oleh salah satu negara anggota tetapnya. Skripsi ini melihat bagaimana penggunaan Resolusi Uniting for Peace oleh Majelis Umum. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan melihat kepada sejarah resolusi tersebut dan juga perkembangan penggunaan Resolusi Uniting for Peace. Pembahasan dalam skripsi ini juga akan melihat kepada praktik penggunaan Resolusi Uniting for Peace dalam dua kasus yaitu Krisis Suez pada tahun 1956 dan konflik Israel-Palestina dalam emergency special session ke-7. Untuk melaksanakan pembahasan tersebut, penelitian yang dilakukan akan menggunakan tipe penelitian normatif, yaitu dengan melihat kepada perihal seperti asas-asas hukum dan sejarah hukum. Analisis yang dilakukan akan melihat penggunaan Resolusi Uniting for Peace dalam konteks Piagam PBB dan sejarah PBB. Dari penelitian dan pembahasan tersebut, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Resolusi Uniting for Peace diadopsi sebagai suatu upaya untuk memperkuat sistem collective security di Piagam PBB dan membantu PBB dalam mewujudkan perdamaian dan keamannan internasional. Tetapi perkembangannya menunjukkan bahwa hal tersebut mungkin sudah terlupakan, hal ini bisa terlihat dalam penggunaannya pada emergency special session ke-7.

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The Uniting for Peace Resolution was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1950. Its purpose was to allow the General Assembly to respond to a problem threatening international peace and security if the Security Council was frozen in place because of the use of the veto by a permanent member. This thesis looks into how the Uniting for Peace Resolution was used by the General Assembly. This is done by reviewing the history of the resolution and the development of its usage. This thesis also looks at how the Uniting for Peace Resolution is used in the Suez Crises of 1956 and in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, specifically during the 7th emergency special session. To conduct this discussion, the research will be carried out using the normative method where I will discuss it based on points such as the principles of law and the history of law. This analysis will be conducted by viewing the Uniting for Peace Resolution in the context of the UN Charter and the History of the UN. From that research and discussion, I have arrived at the conclusion that the Uniting for Peace Resolution was adopted as a means to strengthen the collective security system of the UN Charter and to aide the UN in realizing international peace and security. But its development shows me that that purpose might have been forgotten, this can be seen in its usage during the 7th emergency special session."

"Tesis ini membahas pemberlakuan sanksi ekonomi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa bagi pemeliharaan perdamaian dan keamanan internasional berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Analisis permasalahan dilakukan dengan melihat mekanisme penetapan sanksi ekonomi berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam PBB, pemberlakuan sanksi ekonomi melalui resolusi Dewan Keamanan yang mengikat negara anggota PBB yang membutuhkan kerjasama internasional untuk mengoptimalkan pemberlakuan sanksi ekonomi, serta dampak sanksi ekonomi ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional dikaitkan dengan kondisi internal negara, dampak sanksi bagi rakyat sipil serta bagi negara ketiga. Dalam tesis ini, dirumuskan beberapa rekomendasi berkaitan dengan penetapan definisi dan parameter situasi yang merupakan ancaman terhadap perdamaian, pelanggaran perdamaian atau tindakan agresi sebagai landasan memberlakukan sanksi ekonomi; pelaksanaan mekanisme monitoring rutin ditindaklanjuti dengan peninjauan sanction exemption bagi alasan kemanusiaan; kerjasama Dewan Keamanan dengan badan internasional maupun badan regional keuangan dalam menyusun dan melaksanakan action-oriented proposal bagi negara ketiga.

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The focus of this thesis discussess the imposition of economic sanction of the United Nations Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Problems analysis is conducted by observing the mechanism to impose economic sanction under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the imposition of economic sanction by means of Security Council resolution which is binding to the United Nations member states that requires cooperation to optimize the imposition of economic sanction, and impact of economic sanction from the perspective of international law in relation with state's internal situation, impact on civil population and on the third state.

This thesis provides some recommendations in relation with the determination on definition and parameter of situation that constitutes action with respect to threats to the peace, breached of the peace and acts of agression as a basis to impose economic sanction; implementation of routine monitoring mechanism and review sanction exemption for humanitarian reasons; cooperation between the Security Council and international or regional financial institution in developing and implementing an action-oriented proposal."

"Uniting International Aspirations: The Role of Adam Malik as the President UN’s General Assembly 1971-1972

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This research discusses the role of Adam Malik during his tenure as President of UN General Assembly from 1971-1972. The discussion begins by explaining the factors behind the election of Adam Malik as President of UN General Assembly and his role in resolving the complicated agenda of the session during his tenure. In the years 1971-1972 was a historic year for the Indonesian people in the international world. Adam Malik was elected as the first Indonesian who succeeded in occupying the chair of the 26th UN General Assembly. Adam Malik is the 8th Asian person who succeeded in holding the position as President of UN General Assembly with 119 votes out of a total of 125 votes collected. The author argues that the support from Asian countries has also been a supporting factor in the success of Adam Malik as President of UN General Assembly. The leadership characteristic that Adam Malik applied in chairing the General Assembly was putting forward "Musyawarah" to resolve problems that occurred during his tenure. Different from previous research which discusses Adam Malik in full on his political career, this research focuses on the work of Adam Malik during his tenure at the United Nations. This research uses historical research methods using primary and secondary sources such as archives, newspapers, interview transcripts, books, and journals."

"Pada 10 Mei 2024, Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) mengadakan Tenth Emergency Special Session. Dalam sidang ini, Majelis Umum mengadopsi Resolusi A/RES/ES-10/23 yang meningkatkan hak dan hak istimewa Palestina sebagai non-member observer state di PBB, sambil juga mendesak Dewan Keamanan untuk mempertimbangkan secara positif permohonan Palestina untuk keanggotaan penuh PBB. Berdasarkan Resolusi A/RES/ES-10/23, Majelis Umum memutuskan bahwa Palestina telah memenuhi kriteria untuk keanggotaan penuh sesuai dengan Piagam PBB. Hal ini berbeda dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam Pasal 4 Paragraf (2) Piagam PBB. Biasanya, agar suatu negara dianggap memenuhi syarat dan dapat menjadi anggota baru PBB, Majelis Umum harus terlebih dahulu menerima rekomendasi dari Dewan Keamanan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 4 Paragraf (2) Piagam PBB. Namun, dalam Resolusi A/RES/ES-10/23, terjadi prosedur yang berbeda di mana yang menyatakan bahwa Palestina telah memenuhi syarat untuk keanggotaan penuh bukanlah Dewan Keamanan, melainkan Majelis Umum PBB. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan meninjau kesesuaian penetapan status Palestina yang ditetapkan oleh Resolusi A/RES/ES-10/23 dengan ketentuan penerimaan anggota baru PBB sesuai dengan Piagam PBB.

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On May 10, 2024, the United Nations General Assembly held the Tenth Emergency Special Session. In this session, the General Assembly adopted Resolution A/RES/ES-10/23, which enhanced the rights and privileges of Palestine as an observer state at the UN while urging the Security Council to positively consider Palestine's application for full UN membership. According to Resolution A/RES/ES-10/23, the General Assembly decided that Palestine met the criteria for full membership in accordance with the UN Charter. This approach differs from the provisions outlined in Article 4, Paragraph (2) of the UN Charter. Typically, for a country to be deemed eligible for new membership in the UN, the General Assembly must first receive a recommendation from the Security Council as stipulated in Article 4, Paragraph (2) of the UN Charter. However, in Resolution A/RES/ES-10/23, the procedure differed as it was the General Assembly, not the Security Council, that declared Palestine as meeting the criteria for full membership. Therefore, this study will review the compliance of Palestine's status determination, as established by Resolution A/RES/ES-10/23, with the admission of new member provision of the UN Charter."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai kekuatan mengikat dari Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB, kemudian dikaitkan dengan apabila terjadi pelanggaran terhadap Resolusi tersebut. Setelah itu dilihat mengenai tindaklanjut yang dilakukan oleh Dewan Keamanan terkait pelanggaran tersebut, akankah Negara yang melanggar Resolusi Dewan Keamanan tersebut diberikan sanksi atau tidak. Dimulai dengan mempertanyakan teori hukum yang mengatur mengenai kekuatan mengikat Resolusi Dewan Keamanan dan sanksi bagi pelanggaran terhadapnya. Dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan mengenai proses pembuatan Resolusi Dewan Keamanan yang Resolusi yang dihasilkan. Kemudian pembahasan praktek yang telah terjadi mengenai pemberian sanksi oleh Dewan Keamanan terhadap Negara yang melanggar Resolusinya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan teori-teori yang mendukung bahwa Resolusi Dewan Keamanan mengikat secara hUkum kepada anggota-anggota PBB. Oleh sebab itu pelanggaran terhadap Resolusi Dewan Keamanan haruslah dikenakan sanksi sesuai dengan pasal 34, 39, 41, dan 42 Piagam PBB. Akan tetapi pada prakteknya ada Negara-negara yang melanggar Resolusi Dewan Keamanan tanpa diberikan sanksi oleh Dewan Keamanan. Pembedaan perlakuan antara Negara-negara anggota PBB terkait sanksi bagi pelanggar Resolusi Dewan Keamanan ini dipengaruhi faktor dominasi kekuasaan Negara Anggota Tetap Dewan Keamanan dan politik hukum internasional yang ada di Dewan Keamanan.

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This thesis discusses the binding force of the UN Security Council resolution, then its associated if there is violation of the resolution. Once it was seen on follow up conducted by the relevant Security Council of the breach, the State would violate UN Security Council sanctions is granted or not. Starting with the question of legal theory governing the binding force and the UN Security Council sanctions for violations against this Resolution. Followed by a discussion about the process of the Security Council Resolution produced. Then the discussion that has occurred regarding the practice of imposing sanctions by the Security Council of the State in violation of resolution. This study is a descriptive qualitative research design.

The results of this study are found to support theories that the UN Security Council are legally binding to members of the United Nations. Therefore, a violation of UN Security Council Resolution shall be sanction in accordance with Article 34, 39, 41, and 42 of the UN Charter. However, in practice there are countries that violate Security Council resolutions without the sanction given by the Security Council. Difference in treatment between UN member states related sanctions for violators of the Security Council Resolution, influence by factor of domination of the Security Council Permanent Member States and international law politic that is exist in the Security Council."