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"This multi-contributed volume provides a practical, applications-focused introduction to nonlinear acoustical techniques for nondestructive evaluation. Compared to linear techniques, nonlinear acoustical/ultrasonic techniques are much more sensitive to micro-cracks and other types of small distributed damages. Most materials and structures exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the formation of dislocation and micro-cracks from fatigue or other types of repetitive loadings well before detectable macro-cracks are formed. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools that have been developed based on nonlinear acoustical techniques are capable of providing early warnings about the possibility of structural failure before detectable macro-cracks are formed. This book presents the full range of nonlinear acoustical techniques used today for NDE. The expert chapters cover both theoretical and experimental aspects, but always with an eye towards applications. Unlike other titles currently available, which treat nonlinearity as a physics problem and focus on different analytical derivations, the present volume emphasizes NDE applications over detailed analytical derivations. The introductory chapter presents the fundamentals in a manner accessible to anyone with an undergraduate degree in Engineering or Physics and equips the reader with all of the necessary background to understand the remaining chapters. This self-contained volume will be a valuable reference to graduate students through practising researchers in Engineering, Materials Science, and Physics."

"This multi-contributed volume provides a practical, applications-focused introduction to nonlinear acoustical techniques for nondestructive evaluation. Compared to linear techniques, nonlinear acoustical/ultrasonic techniques are much more sensitive to micro-cracks and other types of small distributed damages. Most materials and structures exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the formation of dislocation and micro-cracks from fatigue or other types of repetitive loadings well before detectable macro-cracks are formed. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools that have been developed based on nonlinear acoustical techniques are capable of providing early warnings about the possibility of structural failure before detectable macro-cracks are formed. This book presents the full range of nonlinear acoustical techniques used today for NDE. The expert chapters cover both theoretical and experimental aspects, but always with an eye towards applications. Unlike other titles currently available, which treat nonlinearity as a physics problem and focus on different analytical derivations, the present volume emphasizes NDE applications over detailed analytical derivations. The introductory chapter presents the fundamentals in a manner accessible to anyone with an undergraduate degree in Engineering or Physics and equips the reader with all of the necessary background to understand the remaining chapters. This self-contained volume will be a valuable reference to graduate students through practising researchers in Engineering, Materials Science, and Physics.- Represents the first book on nonlinear acoustical techniques for NDE applications- Emphasizes applications of nonlinear acoustical techniques- Presents the fundamental physics and mathematics behind nonlinear acoustical phenomenon in a simple, easily understood manner- Covers a variety of popular NDE techniques based on nonlinear acoustics in a single volume"

"This handbook is a comprehensive source of information on all aspects of non-destructive testing (NDT), for use by professionals, educators, and most of all, by the practitioners of testing. The art of NDT consists of dozens of methods, some classical, and some emerging. As the pace of industrial work and discovery intensifies and materials are utilized to their physical limits, the role of NDT becomes ever more important. As a result, the methods of testing are themselves evolving, and it is the intent of this book to capture this evolution. Handbook of Modern Non-Destructive Testing broadens the scope from traditional books on the subject. In addition to classical, emerging and exotic methods of evaluation, the book will also cover the use of NDT techniques in other fields, such as archaeology or resource exploration. With contributions from experts in all areas of the field, the reader will find balanced coverage of a variety of testing methods, with no bias against or endorsements of any particular method. The book treats many areas in depth, covering all aspects of testing, and will include case studies where appropriate. Additional coverage of statistical met"

"The increased use of polymer matrix composites in structural applications has led to the growing need for a very high level of quality control and testing of products to ensure and monitor performance over time. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer matrix composites explores a range of NDE techniques and the use of these techniques in a variety of application areas.Part one provides an overview of a range of NDE and NDT techniques including eddy current testing, shearography, ultrasonics, acoustic emission, and dielectrics. Part two highlights the use of NDE techniques for adhesively bonded applications. Part three focuses on NDE techniques for aerospace applications including the evaluation of aerospace composites for impact damage and flaw characterisation. Finally, the use of traditional and emerging NDE techniques in civil and marine applications is explored in part four.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer matrix composites is a technical resource for researchers and engineers using polymer matrix composites, professionals requiring an understanding of non-destructive evaluation techniques, and academics interested in this field."

"Perkembangan teknologi alat investigasi mutu struktur bangunan beton terus berkembang digunakan untuk melakukan pengujian dalam mengevaluasi tulangan dan ketebalan selimut beton dalam beton bertulang tanpa merusak struktur (Non Destructive Test). Alat yang umum digunakan yaitu Profometer dan Ultraportable Ground Penetrating Radar. Dengan perbedaan prinsip kerja, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi evaluasi ketebalan selimut beton, identifikasi tulangan dan material isolator, dengan membandingkan hasil pengujian alat profometer, ultraportable ground penetrating radar terhadap struktur pelat lantai ukuran 2x2 m, Hasil pengujian ground penetrating radar dapat divisualisasikan 3D dengan waktu singkat dan lebih diandalkan pendeteksian tulangan bertumpuk juga material isolator. Adapun alat untuk mengukur kecepatan rambat dalam beton menggunakan prinsip transmisi ultrasonik yaitu ultrasonic pulse velocity dan prinsip  pulsed echo method (PE) yaitu ultrasonic tomograph portable yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk membandingkan pembacaan pancaran gelombang longitudinal dan transversal pada struktur pelat lantai beton. Tampilan pemrosesan data ultrasonic tomograph portable menggunakan teknologi SAFT (synthetic aperture focusing technique) sehingga selain dapat menghasilkan kecepatan shearwave alat ini dapat menentukan tulangan. Hasil pengujian ultrasonic tomograph portable menunjukkan kecepatan yang lebih konstan dibandingkan ultrasonic pulse velocity dengan konfigurasi indirect pada struktur pelat beton.

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The development of technology for investigating the quality of concrete structures continues to develop and used to evaluate reinforcement and thickness of the concrete cover in reinforced concrete without damaging the structure (Non Destructive Test). Commonly used tools are Profometer and Ultraportable Ground Penetrating Radar. With different working principles, in this research, a study of the thickness evaluation of the concrete cover, identification of reinforcement and insulating material was carried out, by comparing the results of the profometer, GPR to the 2x2 m floor slab structure. The results of the GPR can be visualized in 3D in a short time and more reliable in detecting stacked reinforcement as well as insulating material. The tool to measure the propagation speed in concrete uses the ultrasonic transmission principle, ultrasonic pulse velocity and the pulsed echo method principle, the ultrasonic tomograph portable used in this study to compare the readings of longitudinal and transverse waves on the concrete floor slab structure. Ultrasonic tomograph portable data processing uses SAFT technology, in addition producing shearwave speed, this tool can determine reinforcement. The results of the ultrasonic tomograph portable show more constant speed than the UPV with indirect configuration on the concrete slab structure."

"Sedikitnya penelitian tentang bata merah pejal (Solid Clay Brick) di Indonesia disebabkan oleh tingginya faktor kesulitan dalam menentukan parameter mekanik bata tersebut. Penelitian kali ini dilakukan untuk mencari parameter mekanik bata pejal Cikarang yaitu; Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis, Modulus Geser Dinamis, dan Nisbah Poisson dengan menggunakan metode Non Destructive Test. Alat non destructive yang digunakan adalah Ultra Sonic Scope dan Young's Modulus Rigidity Meter yang terdapat di Laboratorium Struktur Jurusan Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia. Kedua alat ini sangat mengandalkan kondisi fisik dari benda uji guna mendapatkan hasil yang akurat. Kehomogenan dan tingkat kepadatan menjadi faktor penentu utama. Bata pejal Cikarang memiliki sifat yang tidak homogen. Pengaruh kulit padi (sekam), sebagai bahan campuran sedikit banyak membawa andil terjadinya lubang di bagian dalam bata saat dibakar. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Ultra Sonic Scope didapat nilai-nilai parameter mekanik yang cukup logis dibandingkan dengan nilai referensi yang ada. Dari nilai rata-rata kasarnya dihasilkan Nisbah Poisson sebesar 0,17, nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis , Eo = 49.382 kg/cm_ dan nilai Modulus Geser Dinamis, GD = 21.250 kg/cm_. Jika digunakan Young's Modulus Rigidity Meter dihasilkan nilai rata-rata kasar Nisbah Poisson sebesar 0,535, nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis , ED = 34.168 kg/cm_ dan nilai Modulus Geser Dinamis, GD = 1.214 kg/cm_. Sedangkan dari referensi diketahui bahwa nilai Nisbah Poissonnya mencapai 0,20, nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis , ED = 100.000 - 240.000 kg/cm_ dan nilai Modulus Geser Dinamis, GD = 41.667 - 100.000 kg/cm_. Dilihat dari hasil yang didapatkan, maka pada contoh kasus bata pejal Cikarang ini, alat Ultra Sonic Scope lebih akurat dibanding dengan Young's Modulus Rigidity Meter seningga nilai yang didapat dari Young's Modulus Rigidity Meter untuk bata pejal ini tidak dapat digunakan, Satu hal yang dapat digunakan sebagai hipotesis awal adalah meningkatnya kuat tekan bata sebanding dengan semakin besarnya cepat rambat gelombang Ultra Sonic Scope pada bata. Selain itu, melalui penggunaan Young's Modulus Rigidity Meter yang memang begitu peka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada ketidakhomogenan pada sebagian besar bata yang diuji. Dan dilihat dari berbedanya nilai parameter mekanik dari masing-masing bata dapat dikatakan bahwa pembuatan bata pejal Cikarang belum terstandard."