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"This volume contains selected papers presented during the International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Material and Sustainable Engineering (EGRWSE-2018). The papers focus on finding innovative ways of recycling and reusing waste materials, reducing demand for natural resources and processing industrial and chemical wastes such that disposal reduces their environmental burden. This volume will be of interest to researchers, policy makers and practitioners working in the field of waste management. "

"This volume contains selected papers presented during the International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Material and Sustainable Engineering (EGRWSE-2018). The multidisciplinary articles included in this volume cover the fields of environmental management, site characterization, environmental risk assessment, waste disposal, soil and groundwater remediation, habitat protection, and environmental rehabilitation. This volume will be of interest to professionals and researchers working in diverse fields ranging from geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, hydrogeology, earth science, geochemistry, water engineering, and ecology, among others."

"This volume contains selected papers presented during the International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Material and Sustainable Engineering (EGRWSE-2018). The multidisciplinary articles in this volume discuss environment-friendly technologies and the application of smart solutions and initiatives to improve infrastructure and services, with a strong emphasis on sustainability and conservation of resources. This volume will be of interest to engineers, professionals, and researchers working on improving urban infrastructure and strengthen civic amenities in a sustainable manner. "

"The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high-performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates."

"Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) merupakan limbah perkerasan lentur yang telah rusak ataupun telah habis umur layannya. Di dalam RAP masih terdapat aspal dan agregat sehingga RAP dapat digunakan kembali sebagai campuran aspal baru. Namun, dalam pemanfaatan RAP diperlukan suatu bahan peremaja maupun bahan substitusi lainnya untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas RAP yang telah mengalami penurunan akibat penghamparan selama masa layannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan material RAP sebagai bahan daur ulang aspal dan bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh oli bekas sebagai bahan peremaja serta pengaruh limbah plastik LDPE sebagai material substitusi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan campuran dalam menahan deformasi. Penggunaan oli bekas 9% terhadap bitumen RAP mampu meningkatkan penetrasi bitumen sehingga memenuhi persyaratan untuk aspal penetrasi 60/70. Variasi limbah plastik LDPE yang digunakan adalah 5%, 6%, dan 8% dari berat aspal total. Pengaruh plastik dari hasil pengujian marshall menunjukkan penurunan stabilitas akibat limbah plastik yang belum meleleh pada suhu pencampuran (154°C) sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan selimut aspal. Dari hasil pengujian marshall dan perbandingan variasi kadar plastik, dipilih kadar plastik terbaik 6% dari berat total aspal. Penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui laju deformasi dan stabilitas dinamis campuran dilakukan pengujian Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM) pada suhu 26°C, 35°C, 45°C dan 60°C. Dari hasil penelitian, penggunaan limbah plastik mempengaruhi kekakuan campuran yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai consolidated deformation (d0) yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, plastik juga mampu meningkatkan interlocking antar agregat sehingga meningkatkan stabilitas dinamis campuran dan menurunkan laju deformasi.

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Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is pavement waste that has been damaged or has exhausted its service life. In the RAP there is still asphalt and aggregate so RAP can be reused as a new asphalt mixture, but its need a rejuvenating agent or other substiture material to improve the quality RAP. This research was conducted using RAP material as asphalt recycling and investigating the effect of used waste engine oil as RAP rejuvenator and the effect of LDPE plastic waste in resisting deformation. The use of 9% oil engine waste for RAP bitumen is able to increase penetration and reduce the softening point of bitumen RAP so that it meets the requirements for 60/70 penetration asphalt. The variations of LDPE plastic waste used are 5%, 6%, and 8% the total asphalt weight. The effect of plastics on the RAP mixture shows a decrease in stability due to the plastic waste that does not melt at the mixing temperature (154°C) and this increases the need for asphalt blankets. From the results of the Marshall test and the comparison of variations in plastic content, the best plastic content is 6% of the total asphalt weight selected. Further tests to determine the rate of deformation and dynamics stability were carried out by Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM) test at temperatures of 26°C, 35°C, 45°C, and 60°C. From the results, the plastic waste mixture has better deformation resistance because plastic affects the stiffness of the mixture seen from the consolidated deformation (d0) which is greater than the mixture without plastic at any temperature variation. In addition, plastics can increase interlocking between aggregates so increase dynamic stability and decrease rate of deformation.

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"Di Indonesia, umumnya, limbah konstruksi tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Untuk mencegah siklus kerusakan alam tersebut, diperlukan suatu inovasi. Inovasi yang dapat menjadi solusi dari limbah-limbah konstruksi yang terus bertambah dan untuk mengurangi dampak-dampak yang tidak diinginkan pada lingkungan. Selain itu, Hal ini dapat menjadi alternatif penggunaan agregat alami untuk perkerasan jalan yang terus menipis. Penelitian ini merencanakan penggunaan limbah beton sebagai pengganti agregat kasar pada campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) sebagai salah satu perwujudan inovasi terhadap solusi dari permasalahan limbah konstruksi yang ada di Indonesia. Pengujian skid resistance dilakukan kepada campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) modifikasi sebagai parameter pengaruh dan kelayakan penggunaan campuran pada dunia nyata. Penelitian ini merencanakan campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) modifikasi dengan komposisi agregat kasar (batu split), agregat menengah (screening), agregat halus (abu batu) dan RCA. Kadar aspal optimum terbaik, Nilai skid resistance serta pengaruh limbah beton sebagai pengganti agregat kasar akan dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol yaitu campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) dengan komposisi agregat kasar (batu split), agregat menengah (screening) dan agregat halus (abu batu). Pengujian skid resistance menggunakan alat British Pendulum Tester terhadap campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) modifikasi dan non modifikasi dengan KAO nya yaitu 9% dan 98. Berubahnya komposisi campuran lapis aus (AC-WC) mempengaruhi nilai skid resistance menjadi lebih tinggi.

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In Indonesia, usually, construction waste is not put to good use. To prevent this cycle of destruction of nature, an innovation is needed. Innovations that can be a solution to the growing construction waste problems and to reduce the unwanted impacts on the environment. thus, it can be an alternative to the use of natural aggregates for road pavements that continue to thin out. This study plans the use of concrete waste as a substitute for coarse aggregates in wear-coated mixtures (AC-WC) as one of the manifestations of innovation to the solution to the problem of construction waste in Indonesia. Skid resistance testing is performed on modified wear-coated mixtures (AC-WC) as parameters of the influence and feasibility of using the mixture on the field.

This study planned a modified wear-coated mixture (AC-WC) with the composition of split stones as the coarse aggregates, screening as the intermediate aggregates, stone ash as fine aggregates and reclaimed concrete aggregates as the substitution of the coarse aggregates. The best optimum asphalt content, skid resistance value and the influence of concrete waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate will be compared with control samples, wear-coated mixtures (AC-WC) with a composition of coarse aggregate (split stone), medium aggregate (screening) and fine aggregate (stone ash). Skid resistance testing using the British Pendulum Tester tool against modified and non-modified wear-coated mixtures (AC-WC) with its KAO, namely 9% and 8%. Changes in the composition of the wear-coated mixture (AC-WC) affect the value of skid resistance to be higher."

"Program Zero Waste City merupakan kebijakan mengenai pengelolaan sampah yang ditujukan kepada Kota Depok dari tahun 2016-2021. Program tersebut bertujuan untuk membersihkan seluruh daerah di Kota Depok dari segala jenis sampah. Setelah satu tahun diimplementasikan, Kota Depok mendapat Penghargaan Adipura untuk Kategori Kota Metropolitan. Namun, ditemukan bahwa masih terdapat daerah di Kota Depok yang belum terbebas dari sampah, yaitu Kecamatan Bojongsari. Kecamatan Bojongsari merupakan salah satu daerah di Kota Depok yang masih memiliki permasalahan terkait sampah. Jika dilihat dari predikat sebagai Kota peraih Penghargaan Adipura, tentunya hal tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana implementasi kebijakan program Zero Waste City di Kecamatan Bojongari dilihat dari beberapa variabel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post-positivist. Penulis melakukan pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada informan dan studi kepustakaan, serta melakukan analisis secara kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah Model Implementasi menurut Van Meter dan Van Horn. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya implementasi kebijakan program Zero Waste City di Kecamatan Bojongsari karena terdapat beberapa indikator yang belum terpenuhi.

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The Zero Waste City program is a policy on waste management aimed in Depok City from 2016-2021. The program aims to clean all areas in Depok City from all types of garbage. After one year of implementation, Depok City received the Adipura Award for the Metropolitan City Category. However, it was found that there were still areas in Depok City that had waste, namely the District of Bojongsari. District of Bojongsari is one of the areas in Depok City that still has problems related to waste. If viewed from the title of the Adipura Award-winning City, of course this raises questions about how the implementation of the Zero Waste City program in the District of Bojongari is seen from several variables. The method used in this study is post-positivist. The researcher collected data by conducting in-depth interviews and supported by documents as the secondary data, with qualitative way of analysis. The theory used in this research is The Implementation of Van Meter and Van Horn. This research shows that the implementation of Zero Waste City program policy is not optimal because there are several indicators that have not been fulfilled."

"ABSTRAKMasalah limbah di kota-kota besar sudah merupakan persoalan lingkungan yang sangat serius yang harus ditangani secara serius pula. Di Jakarta dihasilkan sekitar 5.000 sampai dengan 6.000 ton limbah rumah tangga dan sekitar 500 ton limbah non-rumah tangga (kantor, pabrik dan pasar) setiap harinya. Sebagian besar (74%) dari limbah tersebut merupakan limbah organik yang dapat dihancurkan atau diserap oleh alam dan sisanya tergolong limbah nonorganik yang tidak dapat diserap oleh alam yang menimbulkan masalah pencemaran lingkungan yang serius, seperti plastik, kaca/beling, dan jenis metal lainnya. (Surindo Utama 1992, Studi Potensi Limbah Kertas dan Plastik).Penanganan limbah sebanyak itu harus melibatkan semua pihak khususnya masyarakat yang memproduksi limbah itu sendiri (masyarakat konsumen, pabrik, perkantoran dan rumah tangga). Pada umumnya limbah nonorganik dapat diproses kembali (recycle) untuk dijadikan barang-barang yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi.Program PEDULI'92 direncanakan sebagai upaya memecahkan masalah lingkungan hidup yang sekaligus mengangkat kemiskinan. Gagasan program ini sebenarnya adalah penerapan berbagai intervensi terhadap sistem daur ulang tradisional yang telah lama ada di Indonesia. Atas dasar hal tersebut di atas maka permasalahan yang diteliti adalah : 1. Bagaimana dampaknya terhadap mata rantai distribusi limbah daur ulang (limbah padat); 2. Apakah peran serta ibu-ibu rumah tangga secara aktif berdampak terhadap pendapatan keluarga, pemulung dan pelapak; 3. Apakah adanya penyuluhan dan pembagian kantong-kantong plastik dapat menumbuhkan peran serta dan keaktifan ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam memilah limbah.Penelitian ini bertujuan : 1. Untuk mengetahui dampak program Peduli '92 terhadap mata rantai distribusi limbah daur ulang (limbah padat) limbah padat; 2. Untuk mengetahui dampak Program Peduli terhadap pendapatan keluarga, pemulung dan pelapak; 3. Untuk mengetahui dampak Program Peduli '92 terhadap peran serta dan keaktifan ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam pemilahan limbah.Hipotesis Kerja 1. Diduga bahwa mata rantai sistem distribusi limbah padat semakin pendek, volume dan mutu limbah padat akan semakin tinggi; 2. Diduga bahwa program Peduli dapat memperbaiki tingkat pendapatan Keluarga, pemulung dan pelapak; 3. Diduga terdapat korelasi positif program Peduli terhadap peran serta dan keaktifan ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam memilah limbah.Dalam penelitian ini ada dua macam jenis data yang diperlukan, yakni data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui dua tahapan yaitu tahapan pengamatan lapangan dan survei. Metode pengambilan data primer dilakukan terhadap responden penelitian yang diambil secara sampel dari populasi ibu-ibu rumah tangga, pemulung dan pelapak. Pengambilan data secara sampel ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan adanya keterbatasan tenaga, biaya dan waktu. Dalam populasi (1.137 ibu rumah tangga) terdapat kelompok ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang pernah dapat penyuluhan dan yang tidak pernah dapat penyuluhan. Dengan keadaan populasi seperti itu, maka metode pengambilan sampel yang tepat terhadap populasi dilakukan dengan stratified random sampling (acak berstrata), sehingga diperoleh 41 orang yang pernah mengikuti penyuluhan dan 19 orang yang tidak pernah mengikuti penyuluhan. Jadi jumlah sampel ibu-ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 60 orang. Untuk melihat dampak program peduli diteliti 30 orang pemulung dan 3 pelapak yang berada di RW 07 Kelurahan Sunter Jaya yang selain diwawancarai juga diberi kuesioner untuk meneliti persepsi, peran serta dan sampai berapa jauh dampak program peduli mempengaruhi pendapatan dan kewiraswastaan mereka. Metode pengambilan sampel untuk pemulung dan pelapak adalah dengan Random Sampling.Untuk analisis ada tidaknya pengaruh program peduli terhadap mata rantai distribusi, ibu-ibu rumah tangga, pemulung dan pelapak dipergunakan analisis deskriptif dengan menggambarkan keterkaitan/hubungan masing-masing pelaku dalam suatu jaringan mata rantai distribusi. Untuk analisis perbedaan pendapatan ibu-ibu rumah tangga, pemulung dan pelapak sebelum dan sesudah program peduli digunakan uji dua rata-rata, dengan bantuan perhitungan komputer menggunakan program SPSS. Untuk analisis ada tidaknya hubungan serta tingkat hubungan antara program peduli dengan keaktifan ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam memilah-milah limbah padat dipergunakan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan persentase.Hasil penelitian ini di dapat kesimpulan I. Adanya Program Peduli telah merubah status sebagian pemulung, dari pemulung yang memungut limbah di tempat-tempat pembuangan limbah menjadi pemulung yang berfungsi sebagai pedagang keliling. Sedangkan sebagian lagi tetap sebagai pemulung yang memungut limbah di tempat pembuangan limbah; 2. Adanya Program Peduli telah meningkatkan pendapatan ibu-ibu rumah tangga, pemulung dan pelapak; 3. Adanya Program Peduli berdampak positif terhadap masyarakat (ibu rumah tangga) terhadap lingkungan, hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa sebagian besar ibu-ibu rumah tangga secara meyakinkan menyatakan bersedia dan bersedia sekali masing-masing sebesar 66,7% dan 6,7%, serta cukup bersedia sebesar 20,0%. Sisanya yang hanya 6,7% menyatakan kurang bersedia dan tidak bersedia. Kesediaan berperan serta dalam pemilahan limbah oleh ibu-ibu rumah tangga. Sebagian besar ibu-ibu rumah tangga menyatakan aktif melakukan pemilahan limbah, sebanyak 58,3% dan yang menyatakan cukup aktif sebesar 23,3%, sisanya 18,3% menyatakan kurang dan tidak aktif.

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ABSTRACT

Waste issue in big cities has become a very serious environmental problem which must be handled seriously as well.

Jakarta generates about 5000 till 6000 tonnes household waste and about 500 tonnes other waste (office, industry and market) each day.

A greater part (74t) of the waste is organic waste which can be deteriorated and volatilize by nature and the rest, comprised of inorganic waste which is unbiodegradable by nature and it will cause a serious environmental pollution problem as plastic, glass/porcelain, other sort of metal (Surindo Utama, 1992).

Dealing with such a lot of waste should invole all parties especially people who produce waste themselves (consumers, factories, offices and households).

In general, inorganic waste could be recycled to make useful things and has economic value. Peduli Programme'92 was planned as an effort to solve out the environmental problem and at the same time to eliminate poverty.

Actually the concept of this program is applying many kinds of interventions on the traditional recycling system which has already exist for along time in Indonesia.

Based on the case above, the problems which were investigated are: 1. What is the impact towards the distribution system of solid waste. 2. Do the participation and the activities of housewives influence income of the family, scavengers and pelapak. 3. Could enlightment and distribution of plastic bags develop the participation and the activities of housewives in selecting waste.

The purpose of the research is to know the impact of Peduli Programme 92 on: the distribution system of solid waste the income of the family, scavengers and pelapak the participation and the activities of housewives in selecting waste.

Work Hypothesis: 1 It is assumed that the distribution system, becomes shorter, volume and quality of solid waste will raise. 2. It is assumed that Peduli Programme could improve family income, scanvengers and pelapak. 3 It is assumed that there's a positive correlation between Peduli Programme, participation and the activities of housewives in selecting solid waste..

This research, required two kind of data's, the primary and secondary data's. The collecting method was done in two stages, field observation, and survey. The method of collecting primary data was done towards research respondent by sampling from the respondents housewives, scanvengers and pelapak. The sampling method was done in consideration of the lack of energy, cost and time. In the population (1,137 housewives), there was a group of housewives who was enlighted and a group who has never been enlighted. in such a population, the right sampling method was stratified random sampling, so there are 41 persons who had attended the training and were enlighted and 19 persons were not enlighted. So the housewives sample were 60 persons.

Two evaluate the impact of Peduli Programme, 30 scavengers and 3 pelapak in RW 07 Kelurahan Sunter Jaya were investigated. Besides being interviewed, they also allowed to fill the questionnaire in order to know their perception, participation and how far the impact of Peduli Programme influenced their income and enterpreneurship.

The sampling method for scavengers and pelapak was random sampling. To analyze the impact of Peduli Programme towards the distribution system of solid waste, the housewives, scavenger and pelapak. Descriptive analyzes is done to evaluate the relationship of each party in the distribution system. To analyze the difference incomes of housewives, scavengers and pelapak before and after Peduli Programme is used average test by means computer programme, using SPSS.

To analyze the relationship and the gradation of relationship between Peduli programme providinginformation and facilities with the activities of housewives in selecting solid waste is used descriptive analyzes through percentage approach.

The conclusion of the result of this research is: The intervention of Peduli Programme has changed the status of part of the scavengers, from scavengers who picked up waste from the disposal place and become a street vendor, a part of them were still? scavenger who picked up waste from the disposal place. The intervention of Peduli Programme had raised the income of housewives, scavengers and pelapak.The intervention of Peduli Programme has a positive impact on the society's attention (housewives) to the environment, it could be seen that most of housewives undoubtedly stated ready and very ready each 66,7% and 6,7% and fair ready 20,0%.The rest wich was only 6,7% stated less ready and not ready participate in selecting waste.Most of the housewives stated active in selecting waste (58,3%) and some stated fair active (23,3%) the rest (18,3%) stated less,and not active."

"Penggunaan koagulan tawas [Al2(SO4)3] dalam pengolahan air minum menghasilkan produk sampingan atau limbah berupa lumpur (lumpur alum). Lumpur alum yang tergolong limbah ini masih memiliki kemampuan untuk menghilangkan parameter pencemar seperti timbal (Pb) yang banyak terdapat di dalam air limbah misalnya air limbah industri aki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan lumpur alum sebagai solusi alternatif dalam menurunkan konsentrasi Pb. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perbandingan penurunan konsentrasi timbal (Pb) antara penggunaan koagulan komersil tawas [Al2(SO4)3] dan lumpur alum dengan mempertimbangkan parameter warna, turbiditas, elektrokonduktivitas, TDS dan biaya. Pada percobaan ini, lumpur alum dipanaskan dalam oven pada 105°C selama 24 jam. Kemudian lumpur kering disaring dengan menggunakan saringan 100 ASTM untuk selanjutnya diujikan dengan metode jartest. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi pH, dosis koagulan, dan dosis lumpur berturut-turut pada rentang pH 2-10, 70-110 mg/l dan 5-25gr/l. Dari hasil analisis, antara percobaan lumpur alum dan koagulan komersil diperoleh persentase removal timbal (Pb) sebesar 99,37% dan 99,23% serta perbandingan biaya per liter air limbah sebesar Rp.1.381 dan Rp.1.578 dengan selisih biaya 14,42%. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan lumpur alum dapat menurunkan konsentrasi timbal secara efektif dan terjangkau secara biaya.

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The utilization of aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 as coagulant in water treatment plant generates by-product in the form of sludge. The sludge contains coagulant residual (alum sludge) which are toxic if disposed without proper treatment. Meanwhile, alum sludge which are classified as waste still has the capacity in removing pollutant in industrial waste water such as lead (Pb). Therefore, this study becomes important in order to analyse the potential use of alum sludge as an alternative solution to decrease the lead concentration in waste water. A comparative study between commercial coagulant aluminium sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] and alum sludge are used to compare the decrease of concentration lead (Pb) while considering the parameters of color, turbidity, electroconductivity, TDS and cost. In the experiment, the alum sludges were dried at 105°C for 24 hours. Then the dried alum sludge was ground and filtered using a 100 ASTM sieve to further tested by jartest method. The experiments were conducted by variating pH, coagulant dosage, and alum sludge dosage in the range of 2-10, 70-110 mg/l and 5-25 gr/l. Then the analysis shows a comparative result between alum sludge and commercial coagulant in lead metal removal rate as 99,37% and 99,23%, the cost for both comparation Rp.1.381 dan Rp.1.578 with capital margin 14,42%."