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"Pokok bahasan penelitian ini adalah multimodalitas dalam percakapan jual beli buah di pasar tradisional Wonogiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan multimodalitas yang digunakan penjual dan pembeli buah di pasar tradisional Wonogiri. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan (moda verbal) dan gestur (moda nonverbal) yang terdapat dalam 10 video percakapan transaksi jual beli buah di pasar tradisional Wonogiri. Data tersebut ditranskripsi dengan software ELAN dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan konsep pasangan berdampingan (adjacency pair) dari teori Analisis Percakapan (Conversation Analysis). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori tindak tutur dari Searle (1975) untuk moda verbalnya, sedangkan moda nonverbalnya dianalisis menggunakan teori gestur oleh Mandal (2014) dan Kendon (2004). Adapun kecenderungan tindak tutur yang ditemukan adalah tindak tutur direktif, yang memiliki beberapa variasi, (1) meminta informasi kuantitas buah dengan demonstrativa iki ‘ini’ dan interogativa piro ‘berapa’ disertai gestur memegang dan mengemas buah, (2) meminta informasi harga dengan kata interogativa pinten ‘berapa’ dan numeralia disertai gestur interaktif dan komplemen, (3) meminta jenis buah tertentu dengan penyebutan langsung disertai gestur deiktif dan interaktif, (4) meminta informasi ketersediaan buah dengan verba dhuwe ‘punya’ dan pasangan kata karek iki ‘tinggal ini’ disertai gestur interaktif dan deiktik, (5) menawar harga dengan penggunaan polar question negasi disertai gestur deiktik, dan (6) menawarkan jenis buah lain dengan pasangan kata opo neh ‘apa lagi’ disertai gestur mengemas buah. Sementara itu, kombinasi moda verbal dan nonverbal dalam tindak tutur representatif, yakni (1) memberi informasi kuantitas buah dengan numeralia dan kuantifikator sithik ‘sedikit’ disertai tindakan memilih-milih buah, (2) memberi informasi harga buah dengan penyebutan langsung numeralia disertai tindakan memilih dan mengemas buah (3) memberi informasi kualitas buah dengan memuji fisik dan rasa buah disertai gestur deiktik dan moda visual, dan (4) memberi informasi ketersediaan buah dengan menyebutkan kuantitas ketersediaan atau menyampaikan alasan ketidaktersediaan buah. Kombinasi moda verbal dan nonverbal dilakukan secara sistematis oleh penjual dan pembeli untuk melancarkan proses jual beli buah di pasar tradisional Wonogiri.

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The subject of this research is multimodality in the conversation of buying and selling fruit in the Wonogiri traditional market. The purpose of this study is to explain the multimodality used by sellers and buyers of fruit in the Wonogiri traditional market. The data used in this study are speech (verbal mode) and gesture (nonverbal mode) contained in 10 video conversations of fruit buying and selling transactions at the Wonogiri traditional market. The data was transcribed with ELAN software and classified based on the concept of adjacency pair from Conversation Analysis theory. In addition, this study also uses the speech act theory of Searle (1975) for the verbal mode, while the nonverbal mode is analyzed using the gesture theory by Mandal (2014) and Kendon (2004). The tendency of the speech acts found are directive speech acts, which have several variations, (1) asking for information on the quantity of fruit with the demonstrative iki 'this' and interrogative piro 'how much' accompanied by the gesture of holding and packing the fruit, (2) asking for price information with the word Pinten interrogative 'how much' and numeralia with interactive and complementary gestures, (3) asking for certain types of fruit by direct mention accompanied by interactive and deductive gestures, (4) asking for information on fruit availability with the verb dhuwe 'have' and the word pair karek iki 'stay ini ' accompanied by interactive and deictic gestures, (5) bargaining the price by using a polar question negation accompanied by a deictic gesture, and (6) offering other types of fruit with the word opo neh 'what else' paired with the gesture of packing fruit. Meanwhile, the combination of verbal and nonverbal modes in representative speech acts, namely (1) providing information on the quantity of fruit with numeralia and a 'little' sithik quantifier accompanied by the act of choosing fruit, (2) providing information on the price of fruit by direct mention of numeralia accompanied by the act of choosing. and packaging of fruit (3) providing information on fruit quality by praising the physicality and taste of the fruit with deictic gestures and visual modes, and (4) providing information on the availability of fruit by stating the quantity of availability or conveying the reasons for the unavailability of fruit. The combination of verbal and nonverbal modes is carried out systematically by sellers and buyers to expedite the process of buying and selling fruit in the Wonogiri traditional market."

""We live our lives in conversation, building families, societies and civilizations. In over seven thousand languages across the world, the basic infrastructure by which we communicate remains the same. This is the first-ever book-length linguistic introduction to conversation analysis (CA), the field that has done more than any other to illuminate the mechanics of interaction. Starting by locating CA by reference to a number of cognate disciplines investigating language in use, it provides an overview of the origins and methodology of CA. By using conversational data from a range of languages, it examines the basic apparatus of sequence organization: turn-taking, preference, identity construction and repair. As the basic for these investigations, the book uses the twin analytic resources of action and sequence to throw new light on the origins and nature of language use.""

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menjelaskan pelanggaran maksim dan cara melanggar maksim dalam Gim “Gyakuten Saiban Yomigaeru Gyakuten”. Teori yang digunakan adalah Teori Prinsip Kerja Sama oleh Herbert Paul Grice dan Jenny Thomas. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah simak dan catat. Data dipaparkan dengan menampilkan latar belakang tuturan, tuturan dalam bahasa Jepang, romaji, glossing, dan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia. Hasil yang ditemukan terdapat tujuh puluh data pada pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama. Sembilan data yang dipaparkan menjelaskan semua pelanggaran maksim dalam tiga cara melanggar maksim. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terjadi empat pelanggaran maksim, yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim hubungan, dan maksim cara, serta tiga cara melanggar maksim, yaitu flouting the maxim, violating the maxim, dan infringing the maxim.

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This study discusses the violation of the cooperative principle. This study aims to explain the violation of maxims and the ways to violate the maxim in the “Gyakuten Saiban Yomigaeru Gyakuten” Game. The theory used in this study is the Theory of Cooperative Principle by Herbert Paul Grice and Jenny Thomas. The analytical method used is qualitative and described descriptively. The technique of collecting data is observing and noting. The data are presented by displaying the background context of the speech, speech in Japanese, romaji, glossing, and Indonesian translation. The results are seventy data on violation of the cooperative principle. The nine data presented in this paper describe every violation of maxims in three ways to violate the maxims. This study concludes that four violations of maxims occur, namely the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner, as well as three ways to violate maxims, namely flouting the maxim, violating the maxim, and infringing the maxim."