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"Literary and epigraphic references to the figure of pañji in Old Javanese texts are analysed, and contextualised with much better known references to the figure of Pañji in Middle Javanese texts. A hypothesis is offered that Old Javanese term pañji is best rendered as 'court-name’. It is argued that young boys from elite families obtained their familiar court-name (pañji) at the very onset of their career at the court, where they served as pages and attendants of the royal family. They were also trained in arms, religious lore, and arts. Being since their childhood close to the king, they were trusted persons, and some of them made careers as high-ranking court officials, such as Dəmung or Kanuruhan. Others, denoted ācārya, were trained as 'masters of divine weapons’, Tantric ritual specialists, who were in charge of the so-called 'divine weaponry’ (diwyāstra), mantra-infused ordinary weapons, an arsenal well-known in Old and Middle Javanese texts. Vestiges of this ritual lore have survived in Java until modern times."

"Mitos Ibu adalah prinsip-prinsip dasar motherhood dan bagaimana seharusnya perempuan secara insting merupakan ibu yang baik. Mitos tersebut masih hidup di masyarakat Jerman, bahkan terdapat istilah Rabenmutter untuk merendahkan ibu yang buruk. Skripsi ini menganalisis bagaimana mitos ibu direpresentasikan pada drama Ohne Moos nix los karya Jörg Isermeyer melalui dua tokoh ibu; Frau Wolff dan Frau Erdmann. Keadaan situasi seperti status sosial dari kedua tokoh tersebut akan dianalisis untuk dilihat pengaruhnya ke cara mereka mendidik anak. Skripsi ini juga menganalisis perilaku dan situasi anak-anak mereka untuk dilihat bagaimana pengaruh ibunya kepada mereka.

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Motherhood mystique basically is the principles of motherhood and how a woman should instinctively be a good mother. This myth is still lives in the life of the German people today, there is even a term called Rabenmutter for a bad mother. This thesis analysed how mother mystique is showed in a Grips drama with title Ohne Moos nix los by Jörg Isermeyer through 2 characters; as mothers, Frau Wolff and Frau Erdmann. Their situation such as the social status of both characters were analysed to see how it influenced the way they educated their children. This thesis will also analyse their children behaviour and situation to see how the way their mother's upbringing effected them."

"The oldest written text in Javanese literature is Candrakiraṇa, one of its parts, the Amaramālā, mentions “Indra” as a king of the Śailendra dynasty. This work is essential because it includes various elements of prosody which the authors of kakawin needed to compose their literary work. For many years, some Javanese scholars had been debating the proper name of this text, using only one manuscript, LOr 4570, a copy of the incomplete gebang manuscript from the PNRI, which does not have a prologue or an epilogue mentioning its precise name. However, reading L 298, a lontar in the Merapi-Merbabu Collection, this manuscript clearly demonstrates that the name of this oldest text is Candrakiraṇa. This begs the question: Is there any relationship between the name and the content itself? This article presents pertinent arguments indicating that the name proposed can be accounted for both factually and conceptually."

"ABSTRAKPermasalahan segregasi rasial yang memisahkan orang kulit putih dan kulit hitam yang mengemuka di Amerika pada tahun 1960-an masih saja didiskusikan hingga saat ini dalam berbagai sektor kehidupan termasuk dalam karya sastra. The Help 2009 memperlihatkan hubungan perempuan beda ras yang harmonis di Amerika berlatar periode tersebut. Perbedaan gambaran ini menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Tesis ini mencermati konstruksi sisterhood antar ras dengan mencermati struktur narasi, khususnya fokalisasi yang digagas oleh Mieke Bal 1999 . Selain itu, pemahaman konsep sisterhood oleh bell hooks juga digunakan dalam tesis ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks menawarkan bentuk sisterhood baru yang mewadahi semua perempuan sebagai alternatif dari bentuk sisterhood sesama ras. Meskipun teks mengusung nilai kesetaraan, masih terlihat keberpihakan teks terhadap kulit putih yang menunjukkan bahwa teks tidak terlepas dari zamannya. Teks membawa ide kontemporer pada konteks 1960-an sehingga pada akhirnya terlihat bahwa perbedaan warna kulit memang tidak dapat diterima baik pada komunitas kulit putih maupun kulit hitam.Kata Kunci : Fokalisasi, Hubungan Perempuan, Segregasi Rasial, Sisterhood.

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ABSTRACT The issue of racial segregation that separated black and white people, which highlighted the life in America during 1960s, is still being discussed on various sectors of life including in literary works. The Help 2009 shows the harmonic relationship between women with different races in America on that period of time. This perspective is interesting to be analyzed. This thesis analyzes the construction of sisterhood between races using narrative structure, especially focalization initiated by Mieke Bal 1999 . In addition, an understanding of sisterhood concept by bell hooks is also used in this thesis. The results show that the text offers a new form of sisterhood that accommodates all women as an alternative from the form of the previous existing sisterhood. Although the text carries the value of equality, the text tends to take side to the white people which shows that the text is inseparable from its period. The text carries contemporary ideas in the 1960s context so it is certain that skin color differences are unacceptable to both white and black communities. Keywords Focalization, Racial Segregation, Sisterhood, Women rsquo s Relationship"

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang analisis tokoh dan penokohan dalam cerpen Дом с Мезонином (1896) /Dom s Mezoninom/, Rumah Berloteng; У знакомых (1898) /Uznakomykh/, Mengunjungi Teman-Teman; Ионыч (1898) /Ionyč/, Ionych; О любви (1898) /O Ljubvi/, Tentang Cinta; dan Дама с собачкой (1899) /Dama s sobačkoj/, Wanita dengan Anjing Kecil; karya Anton Čehov melalui teori tokoh dan penokohan yang didukung dengan teorisosiologi sastra. Hasil analisis tokoh utama dalam tiap cerpen membuktikan bahwa kelima cerpen tersebut memiliki tema akhir yang sama yakni cinta yang tidak berakhir dengan bahagia. Kesamaan tema yang ada memiliki hubungan dengan latarbelakang Anton Čehov dalam masa penulisan cerpen.

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This research discusses the character and characterization analysis of five short stories from Anton Chekhov: Дом с Мезонином (1896) /Dom s Mezoninom/, House With The Mezzanine; У знакомых (1898) /Uznakomykh/, A Visit To Friends; Ионыч (1898) /Ionyč/, Ionych; О любви (1898) /O ljubvi/, About Love; and Дама с собачкой (1899) /Dama s sobačkoj/, The Lady With The Dog; through character and characterization theory. Despite having different factors that affect the end of each story, the analysis result of five main characters in each short story shows that those five short stories have the same theme at the end of the story which is unhappy ending love. The similarity is caused by Čehov’s background during the time of writing."

"Novel Ommeneль/Ottepel’/Salju Yang Mencair adalah salah satu karya terbaik Il’ja Grigor’evič Ėrenburg. Novel ini adalah novel realisme sosialis. Karakteristik realisme sosialis dianalisis melalui teori tokoh dan penokohan serta menggunakan karakteristik realisme sosialis melalui tokoh Dmitrij Sergeevič Koroteev dan Ivan Vasilevič Žuravlev dalam novel. Hasil analisis tokoh Dmitrij Sergeevič Koroteev dan Ivan Vasilevič Žuravlev yang menggunakan karakteristik realisme sosialis dalam novel tersebut dapat dibuktikan bahwa novel ini adalah novel realisme sosialis.

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Ommeneль / Ottepel '/ The Thaw is one of the best novel written by Il’ja Grigor’evič Ėrenburg. This novel is classified to a socialist realism novel. Characteristics of socialist realism are being analyzed through characters and characterizations’s theory and using socialist realism through character Dmitrij Sergeevič Koroteev dan Ivan Vasilevič Žuravlev in the novel. Analysis result of Dmitrij Sergeevič Koroteev and Ivan Vasilevič Žuravlev characters using characteristics of the socialist realism in the novel can be proved that this is classified into socialist realism."

"Skripsi ini menganalisis prinsip kerja sama dan kesantunan dalam serial Malam Minggu Miko. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama dan kesantunan yang terdapat dalam pertuturan adegan-adegan episode “Nissa” dan “Miranda”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan metode studi kasus. Tujuan analisis ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, pertuturan antartokoh sering kali tidak relevan dengan topik yang dibicarakan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidaksepakatan antarpeserta tutur. Namun, penutur berusaha untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan mitra tutur. Kedua, ditemukan maksim yang memenuhi pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama, yaitu maksim relevansi. Ketiga, ditemukan bentuk atau cara pertuturan yang memenuhi pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama dan kesantunan. Keempat, serial Malam Minggu Miko bukanlah serial yang menggunakan pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama dan kesantunan sebagai alat untuk menghibur masyarakat.

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The thesis consist of through analysis of the cooperative principle and politeness in the web series Malam Minggu Miko. The purpose of analysis is to describe and explain the compliance and violations of the principle in the sequence of scenes in episodes “Nissa” and “Miranda”. The research conducted using method of study cases and descriptive qualitative. The objective of the analysis is to draw several conclusive statements. First, collision between characters is likely to be irrelevant with the designated topic, resulting in dessences among characters. However, the speaker try to maximize the hearer advantage. Second, the maxim of relation has shown fulfillness of the compliance and violation of the cooperative principle. Third, the research resulted in a way of how the substitutions of the series has shown fulfillness of the compliance and violation of both the cooperative principle and politeness. Fourth, web series Malam Minggu Miko is not classify as a series that uses violation of the cooperative principle and politeness as an arsenal for public entertainment."

"Skripsi ini berisi tentang analisis kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal dalam stand up comedy Pandji Pragiwaksono pada acara Stand Up Nite episode ke-3. Analisis mengacu kepada teori Halliday dan Hassan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kohesi gramatikal berupa referensi,substitusi, elipsis, dan konjungsi serta kohesi leksikal berupa reiterasi dan kolokasi muncul dalam wacana stand up comedy Pandji. Kohesi gramatikal yang cenderung digunakan dalam pembentukan keutuhan wacana ini adalah referensi persona endofora gua yang mengacu kepada penutur, sedangkan kohesi leksikal yang cenderung digunakan adalah repetisi. Kohesi umumnya bersifat tekstual. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kohesi dalam wacana lisan stand up comedy berbeda dengan kohesi dalam wacana tulis. Letak perbedaannya terlihat pada konjungsi memiliki lebih dari satu fungsi saat dilisankan.

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The focus of this study is the grammatical and lexical cohesion in Stand Up.Comedy of Pandji Pragiwaksono at the Stand Up Nite show episode 3. Analysis refers to the theory of Halliday and Hasan. Analytical methods used are qualitative. The summary of this research shows grammatical cohesion: reference,substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion: reiteration and collocation, appear in discourse of stand up comedy. Most of the grammatical cohesion that appears is persona reference endofora gua, whereas the majority of the lexical cohesion that appears is repetition. Generally, cohesion that appears is textual. Moreover, this research shows that cohesion in oral discourse and written discourse is different.;The focus of this study is the grammatical and lexical cohesion in Stand Up.Comedy of Pandji Pragiwaksono at the Stand Up Nite show episode 3. Analysis refers to the theory of Halliday and Hasan. Analytical methods used are qualitative. The summary of this research shows grammatical cohesion: reference,substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion: reiteration and collocation, appear in discourse of stand up comedy. Most of the grammatical cohesion that appears is persona reference endofora gua, whereas the majority of the lexical cohesion that appears is repetition. Generally, cohesion that appears is textual. Moreover, this research shows that cohesion in oral discourse and written discourse is different."