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"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana modal sosial dimanfaatkan dalam proses pemilihan calon gubernur perempuan di Pilkada 2018. Subjek penelitian adalah Karolin Margret Natassa calon gubernur Kalimantan Barat dan Khofifah Indar Parawansa di Jawa Timur. Fenomena ini perlu dikaji secara mendalam melalui paradigma konstruktif, untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedua perempuan ini membentuk dan menggunakan modal sosialnya untuk bisa menang sebagai gubernur, posisi yang jarang diisi perempuan sejak era Pilkada dimulai. Analisis modal sosial ditempatkan pada tingkat mikro (individu) dalam dimensi struktural (jaringan) menggunakan teori Modal Sosial Pierre Bourdieu dan Robert Putnam. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengidentifikasi jalur politik seperti apa yang membawa perempuan ke dalam kontestasi politik, dan bagaimana hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pola instrumentalisasi modal sosial mereka. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci dan informan kunci. Temuan ini semakin diperdalam dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Karolin dan Khofifah memiliki jenis ikatan jejaring sosial yang berbeda dalam proses pemberdayaan modal sosialnya. Karolin merupakan tipe Bonding (dengan karakter keterikatan dan fokus pada penguatan intenal), sementara Khofifah merupakan tipe Bridging dan Linking, dimana kepercayaan yang diperoleh (earned trust) dipergunakan sebagai basis modal sosial yang berfungsi menjembatani kepentingan antar kelompok untuk kemudian diaktifkan sebagai instrumen menuju kepentingan pribadi. Hasil penelitian juga berhasil mengidentifikasi Karolin sebagai politisi dari jalur elit dan Khofifah sebagai politisi dari jalur akar rumput

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This thesis aims to see how social capital is utilized in the process of selecting female gubernatorial candidates in the 2018 election. The research subjects were Karolin Margret Natassa of West Kalimantan and Khofifah Indar Parawansa of East Java. This phenomenon needs to be studied through a constructive paradigm, to find out how these two women formed and used their social capital to win as governors, a position that has rarely been filled by women since the direct local election era began. A social capital analysis is placed at the micro (individual) level in the structural (network) dimension using the Social Capital theory of Pierre Bourdieu and Robert Putnam. This research also wanting to identifies what kind of political pathways lead women into political contestation, and how it can affect the instrumentalization pattern of their social capital. The research procedure was carried out using qualitative methods where data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants and then deepened by literature studies. The results showed that Karolin and Khofifah have different types of social network ties in the process of utilizing their social capital. Karolin is a Bonding type (Same identity with strong ties characteristic and more focusing on internal traits), while Khofifah is a Bridging and Linking type, where the earned trust is used to bridge the interests of groups and later to be activated as a ladder to her political interests. The results of the study also identified Karolin as a politician from the elite route and Khofifah as a politician from the grassroots route"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa bagaimana pola electoral engagement dan realisasi politik programatik yang dilakukan Koalisi Buruh Jakarta (KBJ) dengan Anies R Baswedan-Sandiaga Uno pada saat dan sesudah pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta tahun 2017. Analisis penulis membuktikan bahwa adanya policy broker, kesamaan program-program antara kontrak politik buruh dan kandidat serta kolaborasi dan konsolidasi yang sistemik lintas federasi/serikat merupakan faktor-faktor pendukung terjadinya kontrak politik antara KBJ dan pasangan kandidat. Kandidat menjanjikan realisasi program-program kontrak politik yang telah disepakati apabila terpilih, sedangkan KBJ bersedia menjadi mesin politik kandidat yang otonom selama pemilihan kepala daerah di Jakarta berlangsung. Setelah kandidat terpilih, realisasi kontrak politik didistribusikan secara kolaboratif oleh kelompok buruh dan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Distribusi politik tidak hanya ditujukan kepada para pekerja yang mendukung kandidat, namun juga para pekerja yang tidak mendukung kandidat serta kelompok lain di luar kelompok buruh. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa kontrak politik yang identik dengan pertukaran yang partikularistik antara kandidat dan pemilih dalam politik kontemporer di Indonesia tidak terjadi di studi kasus ini, sedangkan distribusi politik secara programatik efektif dilakukan oleh kelompok buruh di tengah fregmentasi politik lintas federasi dan reformasi elektoral di Indonesia.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze how the pattern of electoral engagement and the realization of programmatic politics carried out by the Koalisi Buruh Jakarta (KBJ) and Anies R Baswedan-Sandiaga Uno during and after the Jakarta Gubernatorial Election in 2017. The author’s analysis reveals that the existence of a policy broker, parallel programs and political contract between labor and candidate as well as systemic collaboration and consolidation across federations/unions were all supporting factors for the occurrence of political contracts between KBJ and pairs of candidate. Candidates promised the realization of political contract programs if elected, while KBJ was willing to become an autonomous political machine for candidates during the gubernatorial election in Jakarta. After the candidates were elected, the realization of the political contract is distributed collaboratively by the Unions-Regional Government of DKI Jakarta. Political distribution is not only directed to the workers which supported candidates, but also those who did not support candidates as well as other groups outside the worker groups. This research argues that political contract that is tantamount with particularistic exchanges between candidates-voters in Indonesian contemporary politics do not occur in this case study while programmatic political distribution carried out by KBJ was effective in the midst of cross-federation political fragmentation and electoral reform in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keunikan budaya yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat. Tingginya posisi perempuan Minang darin aspek sosial dan budaya tidak berbanding lurus dengan kedudukan dalam politik, yang terlihat dari masih sedikitnya perempuan yang memiliki powsisi menentukan dalam politik dan pemerintahan. Juga tercermin dari jumlah keterwakilan di DPRD yang masih jauh dari kuota 30 yang dinyatakan dalam undang-undang.Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada bagaimana perempuan caleg yang ada di Sumatera Barat menggunakan modal sosial yang sudah ada, untuk mendapatkan posisi politik di DPRD. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap tiga orang perempuan caleg yang berhasil mendapatkan kursi di DPRD Sumatera Barat dalam Pemilu 2014. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori modal sosial Putnam, didukung oleh teori dari ahli lain seperti Uphoff, Grootaert, Coleman dan Lawang.Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan studi kasus, dimana data-data didapatkan dari wawancara terhadap tiga perempuan caleg yang menang, kepada anggota jaringan yang dimiliki oleh perempuan caleg yang berasal dari organisai sosial dan tokoh adat dan kepada pengurus partai Golkar dan Nasdem yang merupakan partai yang mencalonkan perempuan caleg.Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan caleg yang menang dalam Pemilu 2014 untuk DPRD SUmatera Barat, memiliki modal sosial yang terdiri dari jaringan, norma dan kepercayaan. Pola jaringan merupakan personal berbentuk duaan ganda berlapis. Norma sebagai modal sosial dikaitkan dengan peran Ninik Mamak dan bundokanduang dalam mendukung keterpilihan perempuan caleg. Kepercayaan dari anggota jaringan dan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat terhadap posisi perempuan di Minangkabau adalah modal sosial kognitif.Temuan penelitian adalah bahwa dengan cara-cara yang tepat, seperti pendekatan silaturahim dengan tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh adat, kampanye door to door maka modal sosial dapat memengaruhi kemenangan caleg perempuan di Sumatera Barat. Filosofi penggunaan modal sosial oleh perempuan caleg di Minangkabau adalah cancang aia ndak kaputuih, yang artinya bahwa hubungan yang terbangun dari kedekatan karena satu kaum, satu alumni organisasi dan satu kampung 3H: sadarah, sabagarah, sadaerah diibaratkan seperti mencincang air, yang tak akan pernah putus.

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ABSTRACTThe background behind this dissertation is the unique culture of the Minangkabau people in West Sumatera. Viewed from a social and cultural aspect, women 39;s high social standing in the Minangkabau Society is incongruent to their position in politics, as women only hold a smal number of seats in the government. The number of female representatives in the Regional People 39;s Representatives Council DPRD is also far from the thirty percent quota that is written in the law.The main focus of this study is how women, as representatives in council, are able to gain gain their seats using pre-existing social capital. This study is centered around three female candidates that has managed to secure the seats in council.The main theory used in this study is Putnam 39;s social capital theory, and it is supported by theories from experts such Uphoff, Grootaert, Coleman and Lawang. This research uses qualitative method and executes it through interviews with three femal candidates who come from social organization, traditional leaders, and party officials from Golkar and Nasdem the parties which nominated these women .The principal findings of this study reveal that femal candidates who secured their seats in the 2014 regional election have one common similarity-all of these women have social capital consisting of network, norms, and trust. The network a person has is personal in nature and considered double-layared. a person 39;s belief and the norms a person upholds, if consistent with those of society 39;s, is considered as cognitive social capital.the theoretical implication of this study shows that, using the correct methods, such as personally approaching traditional leaders adn doing door to door campaign, could increase a person 39;s social capital. social capital can influence the victory of women candidates in West Sumatera. The philosophy behind the use of social capital is cancang aia dak kaputuih, which means mincing water that will never break "

"Bantuan sosial memungkinkan untuk memperkuat kontrak sosial antara warga negara dan pemerintah. Bantuan sosial dapat memengaruhi keputusan individu dalam partisipasi memilih melalui faktor ekonomi, persepsi terhadap pemerintah, dan modal sosial. Pengalaman berpartisipasi dalam bantuan sosial memengaruhi persepsi terhadap kemampuan pemerintah dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini melihat dampak bantuan sosial pada partisipasi memilih dalam pemilihan presiden. Estimasi dengan menggunakan dataset IFLS, menumakan bahwa kesalahan penargetan maupun komplementaritas bantuan sosial memiliki hubungan positif dengan partisipasi seseorang dalam pemilihan presiden. Berdasarkan estimasi dengan model logistic random effect,ditemukan bahwa efek marginal rata-rata bantuan sosial terhadap peluang partisipasi seseorang dalam pemilihan adalah 0.1-0.2 %.

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Social protection can strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. Social protection can influence individual decisions on voting participation through the economy, social capital, and their perception of government. The experience of participation in poverty targeting can influence people‘s perceptions of their leaders and trust in the government‘s ability to provide for the welfare of its citizen. This paper assesses the impacts of social protection on voting participation in the presidential election. Estimates with the

IFLS dataset show that both of mistargeting and complementarity of social protection have a positive relationship with voting participation in the presidential election. Using a logistic random effect model we find that the average marginal

effect of social protection on the voting participation ranges from 0.1-0.2 %."

"This article reports on the gubernatorial elections, by-elections, and party leadership elections held during the calendar year 1999. Many of the elections were fascinating but few offered any clear lessons about the future of Japanese democracy or even the outcome of the forthcoming general election. The key to many was the position taken by Komei and the behavior of its voters."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini menggambarkan tentang modal sosial dan strategi yang digunakankelima Anggota legislatif perempuan terpilih di Sulawesi Selatan. Latar belakangpenulisan yaitu berawal dari fakta yang dilihat dari hasil pemilu tahun 2014khususnya Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dimana dari lima Anggota legislatifperempuan yang terpilih merupakan keluarga dari para penguasa yang ada didaerah tersebut meskipun dalam pertarungan perebutan kursi DPR RI, terdapatbanyak calon perempuan yang juga berasal dari kalangan aktivis perempuan.Dengan metode kualitatif, hasil yang diperoleh yaitu modal sosial yang dimilikioleh masing-masing Anggota legislatif perempuan yang terpilih menjadi kuncimereka untuk terlibat dalam pencalonan pada pemilu 2014 silam. Faktorfaktornyaadalah pertama, karena kelima Anggota legislatif perempuan terpilihmerupakan keluarga dari penguasa di daerah Sulawesi Selatan, maka denganmudah dukungan birokrasi diberikan kepada mereka. Kedua, adanya beberapabentuk kecurangan seperti money politics serta bentuk pelanggaran pemilu gunamemenangkan kelimanya menyebabkan mereka berhasil memperoleh suara yangsignifikan di daerah dimana keluarga mereka berkuasa.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis describes social capital and strategies used five female legislators elected in South Sulawesi Background of writing that originated from the fact that seen from the election results in 2014 especially South Sulawesi province where five legislators of elected women is the family of rulers in the area despite the fight for the seat of Parliament there are many female candidates are also come from women activists With qualitative methods the results obtained by the social capital which is owned by their respective legislative Members woman to be elected to key them to be involved in the nomination of the 2014 elections ago The factors is the first as the fifth legislative Members elected women is the family of the ruler in the area of South Sulawesi it can easily support given to their bureaucracy Second the existence of some form of fraud such as money politics as well as the violation of the election in order to win his fifth cause they managed to gain a significant voice in the area where their families in power ;This thesis describes social capital and strategies used five female legislators elected in South Sulawesi Background of writing that originated from the fact that seen from the election results in 2014 especially South Sulawesi province where five legislators of elected women is the family of rulers in the area despite the fight for the seat of Parliament there are many female candidates are also come from women activists With qualitative methods the results obtained by the social capital which is owned by their respective legislative Members woman to be elected to key them to be involved in the nomination of the 2014 elections ago The factors is the first as the fifth legislative Members elected women is the family of the ruler in the area of South Sulawesi it can easily support given to their bureaucracy Second the existence of some form of fraud such as money politics as well as the violation of the election in order to win his fifth cause they managed to gain a significant voice in the area where their families in power ;This thesis describes social capital and strategies used five female legislators elected in South Sulawesi Background of writing that originated from the fact that seen from the election results in 2014 especially South Sulawesi province where five legislators of elected women is the family of rulers in the area despite the fight for the seat of Parliament there are many female candidates are also come from women activists With qualitative methods the results obtained by the social capital which is owned by their respective legislative Members woman to be elected to key them to be involved in the nomination of the 2014 elections ago The factors is the first as the fifth legislative Members elected women is the family of the ruler in the area of South Sulawesi it can easily support given to their bureaucracy Second the existence of some form of fraud such as money politics as well as the violation of the election in order to win his fifth cause they managed to gain a significant voice in the area where their families in power , This thesis describes social capital and strategies used five female legislators elected in South Sulawesi Background of writing that originated from the fact that seen from the election results in 2014 especially South Sulawesi province where five legislators of elected women is the family of rulers in the area despite the fight for the seat of Parliament there are many female candidates are also come from women activists With qualitative methods the results obtained by the social capital which is owned by their respective legislative Members woman to be elected to key them to be involved in the nomination of the 2014 elections ago The factors is the first as the fifth legislative Members elected women is the family of the ruler in the area of South Sulawesi it can easily support given to their bureaucracy Second the existence of some form of fraud such as money politics as well as the violation of the election in order to win his fifth cause they managed to gain a significant voice in the area where their families in power ]"