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Dini Astuti Mirasanti
"Pneumonia merupakan masalah kesehatan anak di seluruh dunia. Terapi antibiotik
digunakan secara empiris karena sulitnya pengambilan sampel langsung dari sumber
infeksi. Namun, di era resistensi antibiotik ini, identifikasi patogen spesifik bermanfaat
untuk pemberian antimikroba yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil
mikroorganisme penyebab pneumonia pada anak dan sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik
empiris yang diberikan. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi potong lintang terhadap 106
pasien di RSCM yang dirawat dengan pneumonia sepanjang Juli 2018 – Juni 2020. Data
demografi serta jenis mikroorganisme, daftar sensitivitasnya, dan antibotik yang
digunakan diambil dari rekam medis. Mayoritas mikroorganisme yang tumbuh adalah
kuman Gram negatif dengan jenis kuman terbanyak adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(38,3%). Antibiotik terbanyak yang digunakan adalah sefotaksim (37,7%) dan sensitivitas
mikroorganisme terhadap antibiotik empiris adalah sebesar 17,3%. Perbaikan klinis
didapatkan pada 35,8% subjek dan amikasin memiliki tingkat sensitivitas terbesar dari
mikroorganisme yang tumbuh (65,4%). Pemeriksaan biakan setelah atau pada 5 hari
perawatan memiliki rasio odds 1,264 kali untuk memiliki etiologi berupa polimikroba
(p=0,641). pengambilan sampel dari saluran napas bawah untuk biakan pada hari rawat
ke-13 dan selanjutnya memiliki rasio odds sebesar 6,328 kali lebih tinggi untuk
tumbuhnya jamur (p=0,014). Angka mortalitas pada penelitian ini sebesar 35,8%. Angka
mortalitas pada subjek yang mengalami sepsis lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada subjek
yang tidak mengalami sepsis (rasio odds 4,222 (95%IK 1,792-9,947); p=0,0001).

Pneumonia is one of child health problem in the world. Antibiotic therapy is used
empirically due to difficulty in obtaining sample from the source of infection. However,
in this antibiotic resistance era, identification of specific pathogen is more beneficial. We
aimed to identify microorganisms causing pneumonia in children and their sensitivity
towards empiric antibiotic. This is a cross sectional study examined 106 patients
hospitalized with pneumonia during July 2018 - June 2020. Baseline characteristics,
species of microorganisms, their sensitivity pattern, and antibiotics used were obtained
from medical record. Most microbes were Gram negative species. The most common
bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (38.3%). The most frequently used empiric
antibiotic was cefotaxime (37.7%) and microorganisms' sensitivity towards empiric
antibiotic was 17.3%, Clinical improvement was shown in 35.8% subjects. Amikacin had
the highest sensitivity rate (65.4%). Culture performed on the 5th day of admission
onwards had higher odds for multiple growth (OR 1.264, p=0,641) while culture
performed on the 13th day of admission onwards had higher odds for the growth of fungi
(OR 6.328, p=0,014). Mortality rate was 35,8%. Mortality rate was higher in subjects
with sepsis (OR 4.222; 95% CI 1.792-9.947; p=0.0001)."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tina Reisa
"Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB RO) merupakan masalah kesehatan global dan sebagai hambatan dalam upaya pengendalian tuberkulosis (TB) di dunia. Infeksi sekunder adalah infeksi yang terjadi pada saat terinfeksi kuman lain atau sedang dalam terapi untuk jenis kuman lain. Infeksi sekunder pada pasien TB dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi imunitas individu. Koinfeksi dengan organisme lain dapat berperan dalam progresivitas TB dan mempengaruhi luaran terapi TB. Data mengenai pola mikroorganisme pasien TB RO dengan infeksi saluran napas bawah di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pola mikroorganisme pada pasien TB RO dengan infeksi saluran napas bawah dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.
Metode: Analisis observasional kohort retrospektif kohort di RS Rujukan Respirasi Nasional Persahabatan, Jakarta Indonesia secara total sampling diperoleh dari Januari 2018 hingga Desember 2018. Kami meninjau rekam medis 84 pasien dengan diagnosis TB RO dengan infeksi saluran napas bawah dan 66 status rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.
Hasil: Sebanyak 66 pasien yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini 65,2% infeksi saluran napas bawah bronkiektasis terinfeksi. Status HIV reaktif berhubungan dnegan kejadian infeksi saluran napas bawah pada pasien TB RO (p=0,001). Gangguan fungsi ginjal dan gangguan fungsi hati juga berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian infeksi saluran napas bawah (p=0,041 dan p=0,046). Klebsiella pneumonia adalah mikroorganisme terbanyak yaitu 15,2%. Kuman multidrug resistant obat (MDRO) ditemukan sebanyak 56% dengan mikroorganisme MDRO terbanyak adalah Acinetobacter baumanii. Waktu konversi sputum memiliki rerata 2,96 ± 1,83 bulan. Kematian < 30 hari ditemukan sebanyak 30,3% dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara infeksi saluran napas bawah dan kematian < 30 hari pada pasien TB RO (p=0,025).
Kesimpulan: Infeksi saluran napas bawah pada TB RO yang paling banyak adalah bronkiektasis terinfeksi dengan pola mikroorganisme gram negatif serta kuman MDRO banyak ditemukan. Kejadian infeksi saluran napas bawah berhubungan bermakna terhadap kematian < 30 hari pada pada pasien TB RO.

Introductions: Secondary lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) patients may alter disease progression and therapy outcomes. Specimen microorganism patterns of the lower respiratory tract from DR-TB patients in Indonesia is yet to be known.
Aims: To identify the specimen microorganism patterns of the lower respiratory tract from DR-TB patients and the factor that influenced it.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of DR-TB patients with LRTI treated in National Respiratory Referral Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, between January and December 2018. We reviewed the records of 84 DR-TB patients with LRTI. The subjects were 66 patients who met the inclusion criteria.
Results: Most subjects (65.2%) were co-diagnosed with infected bronchiectasis. Factors related to LRTI in DR-TB were the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen (p=0.002) and impaired renal function (p=0.041) and liver function (p=0.046) from the blood test. The microorganism patterns found in the specimens were multidrug-resistant (MDR) (56.0%), which Klebsiella pneumonia (15.2%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (9.1%) predominated. The average sputum conversion time of subjects was 2.96±1.83 months. The <30 days-mortality was found in 30.3% subjects and was correlated with LRTI (p=0.025).
Conclusions: The most common LRTI in DR-TB was infected bronchiectasis. The most common specimen microorganism pattern in DR-TB was MDR Gram- negative microorganisms. This study showed a correlation between LRTI and the
<30 days-mortality in DR-TB.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Peni Patmawati
"Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan infeksi akut yang menyerang salah satu bagian atau lebih pada saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan bawah. Infeksi ini pada umumnya disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme, akan tetapi ISPA paling banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri dan virus. Tingginya prevalensi ISPA non pneumonia akan mempengaruhi pola penggunaan antibiotik di fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak yang terkena ISPA non pneumonia di Puskesmas Beji Depok pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data resep pasien dengan teknik total sampling. Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical /Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD). Antibiotik diklasifikasikan berdasarkan ATC dan kuantitas dihitung dalam satuan PDD. Kualitas dinyatakan dalam jenis obat yang termasuk dalam Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%) dan kesesuaiannya terhadap formularium nasional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh data pasien anak (usia 1-18 tahun) yang menderita ISPA non pneumonia di Puskesmas Beji tahun 2017 dengan terapi antibiotik. Prevalensi pada pasien anak ISPA non pneumonia di Puskesmas Beji tahun 2017 yaitu pasien laki-laki (55.79%), perempuan (44.21%). Kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik yang dinyatakan dalam satuan PDD adalah amoksisilin (335.250 g), siprofloksasin (10g) dan nilai PDD/1000 pasien perhari pada amoksisilin (7.1757), siprofloksasin (0.2140).Antibiotik yang menyusun DU 90% ialah amoksisilin. Persentase kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik dengan Formularium Nasional di Puskesmas Beji tahun 2017 adalah 100%. Jenis antibiotik yang digunakan ialah amoksisilin dan siprofloksasin.

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is an acute infection that attacks one or more parts of the upper or lower respiratory tract. This infection is generally caused by microorganisms, however most ARIs are caused by bacteria and viruses. Prevalence of ARI will affect the pattern of antibiotics uses in healthcare facilities. This research aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients effected by non pneumonia ARI at Puskesmas Beji depok in 2017. This research is a descriptive research with cross-sectional study design. Data collection is done retrospectively using patient prescription data and total sampling technique. Evaluation of antibiotic is carried out quantitative and qualitative use ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical/Defined Daily Dose) method. Antibiotics are classified based on the ATC and quantity is calculated in PDD/1000 patients per day. The quality is stated in Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%). Sample of this research is all pediatric patients (aged 1-18 years old) who suffered from non pneumonia ARI at Puskesmas Beji in 2017 and need antibiotic therapy. The prevalence of non-pneumonia ARI Child at Beji Public health center in 2017 were male patients (55,79%), female patients (44,21%). The quantity of antibiotics used which expressed in PDD units were amoxicillin (335,250 g), ciprofloxacin (10 g) and the PDD value/ 100 patients / day were amoxicillin (1.17557), ciprofloxacin (0,2140). Antibiotics that composed in DU 90% segment is amoxicillin. The percentage of antibiotic’s used with national formulary at Beji Public Center was 100%."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fadhilah Muhammad Yanuar Abdurrahman
"Pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah yang dapat disebabkan oleh kerusakan lingkungan fisik akibat dampak urbanisasi. Intervensi manajemen jalan nafas dengan mengajarkan anak napas dalam merupakan intervensi yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah hambatan pertukaran gas. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan Pneumonia dan menganalisis penerapan intervensi manajemen jalan napas melalui napas dalam. Hasil karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi manajemen jalan napas melalui teknik napas dalam sangat efektif dilakukan pada anak dengan Pneumonia dibuktikan dengan  status pernapasan dan status oksigenasi anak yang membaik. Rekomendasi karya ilmiah ini adalah penerapan intervensi manajemen jalan napas pada anak dengan Pneumonia secara teratur dan terencana di ruang rawat anak di rumah sakit.

Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that can be triggered by damage to the physical environment due to the impact of urbanization. An airway management intervention by teaching children to conduct deep breathe is an intervention aimed at overcoming the problem of gas exchange. This paper aims to describe nursing care in children with Pneumonia and analyze the application of airway management interventions through deep breathing. The results of deep breathing implementation show that airway management intervention through deep breathing techniques was very effective in children with Pneumonia as evidenced by respiratory status and improved oxygenation status of children. The recommendation is that to implement airway management interventions in children with Pneumonia regulary and planned."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Bimo Adi Wicaksono
"Latar Belakang: Pada tanggal 12 Maret 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) mengumumkan penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sebagai pandemi yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infeksi virus dapat menyebabkan kolonisasi organ yang terinfeksi akibat penurunan respon imun oleh patogen akibat penurunan respons imun serta masuknya bakteri patogen melalui akses yang diperantarai oleh mikroorganisme oportunis. Hingga saat ini telah banyak studi yang membahas COVID-19 dari aspek epidemiologi dan karakteristik klinis namun informasi terkait infeksi sekunder akibat bakteri pada COVID-19 masih terbatas.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan dengan menelusuri data rekam medis pasien yang memiliki riwayat perawatan pneumonia COVID-19 di ruang isolasi Pinere RSUP Persahabatan sejak 1 Januari 2021 - 31 Desember 2021. Total sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 111 pasien.
Hasil Penelitian: Total pasien pneumonia COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang isolasi Pinere selama tahun 2021 yaitu sebanyak 718 pasien. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah sebanyak 111 pasien. Karakteristik pasien pneumonia COVID-19 didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki, median usia 53 tahun, lama rawat 11 hari, status gizi obesitas, belum divaksin, derajat keparahan sedang, penggunaan antivirus remdesivir, antibiotik levofloksasin, azitromisin dan kortikosteroid. Terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri pada 41,5% hasil biakan yang terdiri dari gram negatif (38,8%) dan gram positif (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae merupakan bakteri gram positif terbanyak yang tumbuh, sedangkan Enterococcus faecalis merupakan satu-satunya gram positif yang tumbuh. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19 (nilai p=0,738). Derajat keparahan tidak berhubungan dengan hasil biakan, tetapi berhubungan dengan luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on March 12, 2020. Viral infections can cause colonization of infected organs due to decreased immune response and entry of pathogenic bacteria through access mediated by opportunistic microorganism. Until now, there have been many studies discussing COVID-19 from the aspect of epidemiology and clinical characteristics, but information regarding secondary infections caused by bacteria in COVID-19 is still limited.
Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional by tracing the medical record data of patients who had a history of treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia in the Pinere isolation ward of Persahabatan General Hospital from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2021. The total sample in this study was 111 patients.
Result: The total number of COVID-19 patients treated in the Pinere isolation room during 2021 is 718 patients. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 111 patients. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients were dominated by male, median age 53 years, length of stay 11 days obesity, not yet vaccinated, moderate severity, use of antiviral remdesivir, antibiotics levofloxacin, azithromycin and corticosteroid. There was bacterial growth in 41,5% of culture results consisting of gram negative (38,8%) and gram positive (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most gram positive bacteria that grows, while Enterococcus faecalis is the only gram positive that grows. There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients (p value = 0.738). The severity of COVID-19 is not associated to culture results, but is associated to the patient’s outcome.
Conclusion: There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Bimo Adi Wicaksono
"Latar Belakang: Pada tanggal 12 Maret 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) mengumumkan penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sebagai pandemi yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infeksi virus dapat menyebabkan kolonisasi organ yang terinfeksi akibat penurunan respon imun oleh patogen akibat penurunan respons imun serta masuknya bakteri patogen melalui akses yang diperantarai oleh mikroorganisme oportunis. Hingga saat ini telah banyak studi yang membahas COVID-19 dari aspek epidemiologi dan karakteristik klinis namun informasi terkait infeksi sekunder akibat bakteri pada COVID-19 masih terbatas.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan dengan menelusuri data rekam medis pasien yang memiliki riwayat perawatan pneumonia COVID-19 di ruang isolasi Pinere RSUP Persahabatan sejak 1 Januari 2021 - 31 Desember 2021. Total sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 111 pasien.
Hasil Penelitian: Total pasien pneumonia COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang isolasi Pinere selama tahun 2021 yaitu sebanyak 718 pasien. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah sebanyak 111 pasien. Karakteristik pasien pneumonia COVID-19 didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki, median usia 53 tahun, lama rawat 11 hari, status gizi obesitas, belum divaksin, derajat keparahan sedang, penggunaan antivirus remdesivir, antibiotik levofloksasin, azitromisin dan kortikosteroid. Terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri pada 41,5% hasil biakan yang terdiri dari gram negatif (38,8%) dan gram positif (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae merupakan bakteri gram positif terbanyak yang tumbuh, sedangkan Enterococcus faecalis merupakan satu-satunya gram positif yang tumbuh. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19 (nilai p=0,738). Derajat keparahan tidak berhubungan dengan hasil biakan, tetapi berhubungan dengan luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil biakan patogen saluran napas terhadap luaran pasien pneumonia COVID-19.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on March 12, 2020. Viral infections can cause colonization of infected organs due to decreased immune response and entry of pathogenic bacteria through access mediated by opportunistic microorganism. Until now, there have been many studies discussing COVID-19 from the aspect of epidemiology and clinical characteristics, but information regarding secondary infections caused by bacteria in COVID-19 is still limited.
Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional by tracing the medical record data of patients who had a history of treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia in the Pinere isolation ward of Persahabatan General Hospital from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2021. The total sample in this study was 111 patients.
Result: The total number of COVID-19 patients treated in the Pinere isolation room during 2021 is 718 patients. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 111 patients. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients were dominated by male, median age 53 years, length of stay 11 days obesity, not yet vaccinated, moderate severity, use of antiviral remdesivir, antibiotics levofloxacin, azithromycin and corticosteroid. There was bacterial growth in 41,5% of culture results consisting of gram negative (38,8%) and gram positive (2,7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most gram positive bacteria that grows, while Enterococcus faecalis is the only gram positive that grows. There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients (p value = 0.738). The severity of COVID-19 is not associated to culture results, but is associated to the patient’s outcome.
Conclusion: There was no relationship between the results of respiratory tract cultures and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Maulana Rosyady
"Latar belakang: Resistensi antibiotik merupakan ancaman kesehatan global. Tingginya tingkat reproduksi mikroorganisme dan kemampuan tekanan selektif yang kuat dari mikroorganisme menghadapi antibiotik pilihan merupakan permasalahan penggunaan antibiotik saat ini. Salah satu cara agar dapat menguatkan pemahaman dan ketaatan staf medis adalah melalui edukasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi seperti e-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.
Metode: Penelitian intervensi ini melibatkan seluruh DPJP dan PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak yang berstatus aktif di FKUI RSCM. Intervensi e-learning dilakukan terhadap DPJP dan PPDS dengan topik Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via website EMAS UI kemudian dinilai tingkat pengetahuan pra- dan pasca-intervensi. Penggunaan antibiotik satu bulan pra- dan pasca-intervensi dinilai dengan alur Gyssens untuk menilai ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.
Hasil: Total penggunaan antibiotik pra- dan pasca-intervensi berturut-turut adalah 248 dan 229 antibiotik. Sebanyak 135 (54,4%) penggunaan antibiotik pra-intervensi dan 170 (72,24%) penggunaan antibiotik pasca-intervensi dinilai tepat. Analisis bivariat terhadap ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pra- dan pasca-intervensi (OR= 0,537, IK 95% 0,363-0,795; p< 0,002). Sebanyak 42 dari total 56 DPJP anak dan 119 dari total 123 PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak mengikuti intervensi e-learning. Analisis bivariat menunjukan terdapat hubungan bermakna terhadap tingkat pengetahuan DPJP pra- dan pasca-intervensi (1 vs 32; p<0,001) dan PPDS pra- dan pasca-intervensi (10 vs 66; p<0,001).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan signifikan tingkat ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak di ruang perawatan RSCM dan tingkat pengetahuan ketepatan pemberian antibiotik pada DPJP dan PPDS setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi melalui metode e-learning.

Backgorund: Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. The high rate of reproduction of microorganisms and the strong selective pressure ability of microorganisms against antibiotics are the problems of the current use of antibiotics. Education is a way to strengthen the understanding and obedience of medical staff. Utilization of technology such as e-learning can be used to increase the level of knowledge and the effectiveness of using antibiotics.
Method: This intervention study involved all active pediatric staff and pediatric residents from the Department of Child Health in FMUI-CMH. Staff and residents underwent intervention through e-learning on the topic of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via the EMAS UI website, and then the level of their pre- and post-intervention knowledge was assessed. The use of antibiotics one month pre- and post-intervention was assessed by Gyssen's flowchart to assess the appropriateness of the antibiotics usage.
Result: A total of 135 (54.4%) uses of pre-intervention antibiotics and 170 (72.24%) uses of post-intervention antibiotics were considered appropriate. Bivariate analysis of the appropriate use of antibiotics showed that there was a significant relationship pre- and post-intervention (135 vs. 170, 95% CI 0.363-0.795; p 0.002). Forty two out of 56 staff and 119 out of 123 residents participate in e-learning. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of pre- and post-intervention in pediatric staff (1 vs. 32; p 0.001) and pre- and post-intervention pediatric residents (10 vs. 66; p 0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the appropriateness level of using antibiotics in pediatric patients at CMH and the level of knowledge about the appropriateness of giving antibiotics to staff and residents after educational interventions were carried out through the e-learning.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fanny Fachrucha
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Pneumonia komunitas merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi dan berhubungan dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI) mengeluarkan pedoman pemberian antibiotik penanganan pasien pneumonia komunitas di Indonesia untuk mengurangi angka kematian pasien pneumonia komunitas.
Tujuan: untuk mengetahui angka kepatuhan penggunaan panduan antibiotik untuk pasien pneumonia komunitas yang di rawat inap berdasarkan panduan PDPI di RSUP Persahabatan serta pengaruhnya terhadap lama perawatan dan angka mortalitas pasien.
Metode: Penelitian observasional kohort retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Data diambil dari data rekam medis pasien yang didiagnosis pneumonia komunitas, yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap Departemen Pulmonologi dan Ilmu Kedokteran Respirasi RSUP Persahabatan, periode Juli 2014 sampai dengan Juli 2016.
Hasil: Sampel penelitian 107 subjek, dengan karateristik pasien laki-laki 70,1% dan perempuan 29,9%. Median usia 56 tahun dengan usia minimum 18 tahun dan usia maksimum 96 tahun. Angka kepatuhan dokter terhadap penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan pedoman penatalaksanaan pneumonia PDPI pada pasien pneumonia komunitas yang dirawat inap di RSUP Persahabatan sebesar 70,1%. Angka mortalitas pasien pneumonia komunitas berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik dengan pedoman PDPI dan derajat risiko PSI dengan nilai OR berturut-turut 2,93 (95%IK1,23-6,94) dan OR 3.02 (95%IK 1.25-7.29). Kesimpulan: Angka kepatuhan penggunaan antibiotik angka kepatuhan penggunaan panduan antibiotik untuk pasien pneumonia komunitas berdasarkan panduan PDPI berhubungan dengan angka mortalitas pasien.

ABSTRACT<>br>
Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Indonesian Society of Respirology has been recommended empiric antibiotic guidelines for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in 2014. These guidelines are designed to reduce the mortality rate of CAP patients. Objective: to determine the compliance rate of antibiotic guidance for inpatient community pneumonia patients based on PDPI antibiotic guidelines in Persahabatan Hospital and its effect on the length of stay and mortality rate CAP patients. Method: This is a retrospective cohort observational study inPersahabatan Hospital. Data were collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with CAP, who were admitted to the Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine during July 2014 to July 2016. Results: The sample was 107 subjects. Proportion male and female were 70.1% and 29.9%. The median age was 56 years old with a minimum age was 18 years and a maximum age was 96 years. Doctors' compliance rates on PDPI's guidelines for the management CAP patients was 70.1%. The mortality rate of CAP patients was significantly associated with the national guidelines-concordant empiric antibiotic therapy and the class risk of PSI with OR 2.93 (95% IK1,23-6,94) and OR 3.02 (95% IK 1.25-7.29) reversely. "
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2017
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mo Tualeka
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Mortalitas pasien perforasi tukak peptik (PTP) masih stabil pada
angka 20-50% dimana penyebab terbanyak adalah sepsis. Tantangan ini memicu para
ahli bedah untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas dan
morbiditas penyakit ini. Selain pembedahan untuk kontrol infeksi, antibiotika
preoperatif diketahui menurunkan angka mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan
mengetahui hubungan kesesuaian antibiotika empiris dengan hasil kultur sensitifitas
antibiotika terhadap ketahanan hidup 30 hari pasien perforasi tukak peptik di RSUPN
Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta. Metode: Studi kohort terhadap pasien
PTP sejak Januari 2012 hingga Agustus 2015 di Departemen Bedah FKUI/RSCM
Jakarta, dimana PTP akibat keganasan dan trauma tembus dieksklusikan. Pola kuman
dan antibiotika pada pasien PTP disajikan sebagai studi pendahuluan. Hasil: dari 45
pasien yang didapat, angka mortalitas pasien PTP di RSCM sebesar 31,1% dan
ketahanan hidup sebesar 68,9%. Pola kuman pada pasien PTP adalah Escherichia coli
sebagai kuman Gram negatif terbanyak (35,85%) dan Streptococcus alfahemolytic
sebagai kuman Gram positif terbanyak (15,09%). Antibiotika lini kedua yang sesuai
untuk pasien PTP adalah Sulbactam/Ampicillin.
Tidak terdapat hubungan antara skor
Boey dan ketahan hidup, namun syok preoperatif memengaruhi ketahanan hidup
(nilai OR 14,67). Begitu juga dengan komorbiditas memengaruhi ketahanan hidup
sebesar 10,54 kali. Lama persiapan operasi tidak bermakna terhadap ketahanan hidup,
sedangkan durasi operasi memengaruhi ketahanan hidup sebesar 7,5 kali. Antibiotika
empiris yang sesuai dengan hasil kultur memengaruhi ketahanan hidup sebesar 12,57
kali. Kesimpulan: Pemberian antibiotika empiris yang tepat terbukti berhubungan
dengan ketahanan hidup pasien perforasi tukak peptik.;

ABSTRACT
Background: Mortality of patients with peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) was stable at
20-50%, which is the most common cause is sepsis. This challenge prompted the
surgeon to examine the factors associated with mortality and morbidity of this
disease. In addition to surgery to control infection, preoperative antibiotics are
known to reduce mortality. This study aims to determine the suitability of empiric
antibiotics relationship with antibiotic sensitivity culture results to the 30 days
survival of perforated peptic ulcer patients in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General
Hospital (RSCM) in Jakarta. Methods: A cohort study of patients PUP since January
2012 to August 2015 at Department of Surgery Faculty of medicine/RSCM Jakarta,
where PUP due to malignancy and penetrating trauma were excluded. Patterns of
bacteria and antibiotics in PUP patients presented as a preliminary study. Results:
45 patients were obtained, the mortality rate of patients in RSCM PUP by 31.1% and
amounted to 68.9% survival. Patterns of bacteria in a patient PUP is Escherichia
coli as most Gram-negative bacteria (35.85%) and Streptococcus alfahemolytic as
most Gram-positive bacteria (15.09%). The second line antibiotics are appropriate
for the PUP patients is sulbactam/ampicillin. There was no relationship between
Boey?s score and survivability, but the preoperative shock affect survival (OR 14.67).
Likewise with comorbidities affecting the survival of 10.54 times. Time to surgery on
survival was not significant, while the duration of surgery affecting the survival of 7.5
times. Empiric antibiotics in accordance with the culture results affects survival of
12.57 times. Conclusion: The provision of appropriate empiric antibiotic shown to be
associated with survival in patients with peptic ulcer perforation.
;Background: Mortality of patients with peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) was stable at
20-50%, which is the most common cause is sepsis. This challenge prompted the
surgeon to examine the factors associated with mortality and morbidity of this
disease. In addition to surgery to control infection, preoperative antibiotics are
known to reduce mortality. This study aims to determine the suitability of empiric
antibiotics relationship with antibiotic sensitivity culture results to the 30 days
survival of perforated peptic ulcer patients in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General
Hospital (RSCM) in Jakarta. Methods: A cohort study of patients PUP since January
2012 to August 2015 at Department of Surgery Faculty of medicine/RSCM Jakarta,
where PUP due to malignancy and penetrating trauma were excluded. Patterns of
bacteria and antibiotics in PUP patients presented as a preliminary study. Results:
45 patients were obtained, the mortality rate of patients in RSCM PUP by 31.1% and
amounted to 68.9% survival. Patterns of bacteria in a patient PUP is Escherichia
coli as most Gram-negative bacteria (35.85%) and Streptococcus alfahemolytic as
most Gram-positive bacteria (15.09%). The second line antibiotics are appropriate
for the PUP patients is sulbactam/ampicillin. There was no relationship between
Boey?s score and survivability, but the preoperative shock affect survival (OR 14.67).
Likewise with comorbidities affecting the survival of 10.54 times. Time to surgery on
survival was not significant, while the duration of surgery affecting the survival of 7.5
times. Empiric antibiotics in accordance with the culture results affects survival of
12.57 times. Conclusion: The provision of appropriate empiric antibiotic shown to be
associated with survival in patients with peptic ulcer perforation.;Background: Mortality of patients with peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) was stable at
20-50%, which is the most common cause is sepsis. This challenge prompted the
surgeon to examine the factors associated with mortality and morbidity of this
disease. In addition to surgery to control infection, preoperative antibiotics are
known to reduce mortality. This study aims to determine the suitability of empiric
antibiotics relationship with antibiotic sensitivity culture results to the 30 days
survival of perforated peptic ulcer patients in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General
Hospital (RSCM) in Jakarta. Methods: A cohort study of patients PUP since January
2012 to August 2015 at Department of Surgery Faculty of medicine/RSCM Jakarta,
where PUP due to malignancy and penetrating trauma were excluded. Patterns of
bacteria and antibiotics in PUP patients presented as a preliminary study. Results:
45 patients were obtained, the mortality rate of patients in RSCM PUP by 31.1% and
amounted to 68.9% survival. Patterns of bacteria in a patient PUP is Escherichia
coli as most Gram-negative bacteria (35.85%) and Streptococcus alfahemolytic as
most Gram-positive bacteria (15.09%). The second line antibiotics are appropriate
for the PUP patients is sulbactam/ampicillin. There was no relationship between
Boey?s score and survivability, but the preoperative shock affect survival (OR 14.67).
Likewise with comorbidities affecting the survival of 10.54 times. Time to surgery on
survival was not significant, while the duration of surgery affecting the survival of 7.5
times. Empiric antibiotics in accordance with the culture results affects survival of
12.57 times. Conclusion: The provision of appropriate empiric antibiotic shown to be
associated with survival in patients with peptic ulcer perforation."
2015
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Findra Setianingrum
"Infeksi saluran napas bawah merupakan salah satu infeksi penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Seiring dengan banyaknya kasus infeksi saluran napas bawah maka pemakaian antibiotik untuk mengatasinya pun semakin meluas, diantara antibiotik tersebut ialah siprofloksasin Oleh karena itu pola kepekaan bakteri, dalam hal ini bakteri gram negatif, perlu diketahui guna menjaga agar terapi yang diberikan pada pasien efektif dan tepat guna. Terlebih lagi, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik (LMK) Departemen Mikrobiologi FKUI merupakan laboratorium yang menerima spesimen dari banyak rumah sakit di Jakarta termasuk Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) yang merupakan rumah sakit rujukan nasional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder isolat sputum tahun 2000-2005 di LMK FKUI yang mengandung bakteri gram negatif kemudian diuji sensitivitasnya terhadap siprofloksasin.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah cross sectional. Hasilnya terdapat 2744 isolat bakteri gram negatif dengan tiga bakteri terbanyak yaitu Klebsiella pneumoniae ss pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Enterobacter aerogenes. Ketiga bakteri tersebut mengalami penurunan sensitivitasnya terhadap siprofloksasin (K. pneumoniae ss pneumonia: 79.90% ?³ 62.86%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 73.68% ?³ 52.20% dan Enterobacter aerogenes: 79.03% ?³ 61.36% ). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi penentu kebijakan di rumah sakit, klinisi, dan pihak-pihak lain yang terlibat dalam penanganan kasus infeksi di Indonesia.

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the biggest cause of death related to infections around the world. The spread of LRTI followed by the wide use of antibiotics, included ciprofloxacin. For that reason, bacterial sensitivity pattern, in this case gram negative bacteria, is important to be knew to get the effective therapy for patients. Moreover, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory FKUI is references of many hospitals in Jakarta include Ciptomangunkusomo Hospital (RSCM) which is national reference hospital. This research use secunder data from sputum isolates contain bacteria gram negative that entered to LMK Department of Microbiology FKUI in from 2000 until 2005. Then, the isolates is examined for their sensitivity pattern against ciprofloxacin.
The research metode for this research is cross sectional. The result of this research, there is 2744 isolates that contain bacteria gram negatives. The most common bacterias are Klebsiella pneumoniae ss pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The sensitivity against ciprofloxacin in these three bacteria are decrease (K. pneumoniae ss pneumonia: 79.90% ?³ 62.86%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 73.68% ?³ 52.20% and Enterobacter aerogenes: 79.03% ?³ 61.36% ). This result could be used for further evaluation for stake holder in hospital, physician, and others that involved in control infection diseases in Indonesia.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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