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"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti rekam jejak Britania Raya dalam negosiasi undang-undang pertanian di Dewan Uni Eropa sebagai alasan keluarnya Britania Raya dari keanggotaan Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah, dan berfokus pada perundingan undang-undang pertanian UE pada 2009 hingga 2016. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, seperti bahan hukum dari situs resmi European Union Publication Office (Kantor Publikasi Uni Eropa), serta buku dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan undang-undang pertanian dan Uni Eropa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa alasan utama penolakan Britania Raya dalam negosiasi undang-undang pertanian UE adalah adanya kenaikan anggaran untuk mendukung program-program pertanian UE. Selain itu, upaya UE untuk memperkuat Kebijakan Pertanian Bersama/Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) justru membuat Britania Raya merasa semakin dirugikan oleh keanggotaannya dan hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong keluarnya Britania Raya dari keanggotaan Uni Eropa.

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This article aims to examine the track record of the United Kingdom‟s negotiations regarding agricultural legislation in the Council of the European Union as the reason behind UK‟s withdrawal from the European Union. This qualitative research which uses historical approach focuses on negotiations for EU agricultural legislation from 2009 to 2016. The study makes use of secondary data including legal materials from the European Union Publications Office‟s official website, as well as relevant books and news articles. The analysis shows that the main reason for the opposition of the UK in the EU agricultural legislation negotiations is the concern over budget raises. Furthermore, this study indicates that the EU‟s attempts to strengthen the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) made the UK feel disadvantaged by its membership, which was one of the driving forces behind the UK‟s withdrawal from the EU."

"ABSTRAKIn the Treaty of Rome 1957, agriculture sector has been recognized as an important feature regarding its strategic values, such as the natural factor with its major role, food endurance and its susceptibility toward competitive pressures although its contributions on economics declined.On 30 July 1962, Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was introduced after three years of negotiations in line with the mechanism settlement and its organizations as a whole. Various agricultural problems in member states were the causes of the difficulties in achieving agreements on CAP mechanism.Protectionism through market mechanism (price intervention and subsidies) which tried improving the welfare of farmers was the central focus of CAP. But as time goes, this mechanism burdens the European Union's budget. The EU's budget allocation to CAP in 1990 was almost 60% which lead to debates between France and United Kingdom on Budgeting 2007-2013. The EU's enlargement in 2004 was also a cause that burdens the budget. Other factors are the demand from the international trade regulations in GATT, then WTO which tried to establish international trade liberalization through reducing protectionism such as reducing tariffs and subsidies. Various requests on environment conservations, rural development and biotechnology improvement were backgrounds of Mac Sharry Reformations, Agenda 2000 and Reformation 2003.Pros and Cons on CAP within the European Unions didn't affect the EU's integration because of the common perspectives on uniting Europe as a whole. Less debates within the CAP would shift the focus on external issues therefore strengthen the international positions of EU. But even though EU is powerful enough, deadlock against United States would still remain.These days international trade is already relative free where barriers in trade are declined. Therefore CAP is no longer a relevant issue. It can block the international trade liberalization because the protectionism still exists. It will be a difficult task for the European Union to completely remove CAP because of its importance for the member states. Currently the European Union is only able to reduce its protection value in phase."

"Perkembangan gig economy yang semakin pesat membuka peluang pekerjaan baru yang mengandalkan teknologi sebagai pilar utama. Pekerjaan ini disebut dengan gig works–bercirikan pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh seorang individu sebagai gig workers dengan keahlian khusus pada bidangnya untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan bersifat sekali-selesai (temporary). Ketika hendak melakukan pekerjaan, pekerja yang bekerja sebagai gig workers tidak mengikatkan dirinya dalam suatu hubungan kerja, melainkan hanya dalam hubungan kemitraan. Karena alasan tersebut, seorang gig workers tidak memenuhi persyaratan untuk disebut sebagai ‘pekerja’ menurut istilah hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Sebagai seseorang yang bukan merupakan seorang ‘pekerja’ menurut definisi hukum ketenagakerjaan, gig workers tidak mendapatkan akses yang setara untuk mendapatkan perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak ketenagakerjaan layaknya seorang pekerja, meskipun kapasitas pekerjaan yang dilakukannya tidak jauh berbeda dengan pekerja biasa. Penelitian ini akan meneliti sistem hukum dua negara, Indonesia dan Britania Raya yang telah berhasil menjamin perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak gig workers atau kontraktor independen di negaranya. Selain itu akan dilakukan penelitian terkait sistem hubungan kemitraan antara gig workers dengan perusahaan penyedia aplikasi untuk dilakukannya pekerjaan gig. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terdapat urgensi pembentukan peraturan yang secara khusus mengatur tentang hak dan kewajiban para pihak yang terlibat di ranah gig works Indonesia, sehingga akan ada kepastian hukum dan jaminan pemenuhan hak bagi gig workers yang bekerja di Indonesia.

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The rapid development of the gig economy opens up new job opportunities that rely on technology as their main pillar. Such jobs are called gig works–a type of job which is carried out by an individual known as a gig worker with special expertise to carry out a one-time job. Workers who work as gig workers do not bind themselves into an employment relationship, but rather only as an independent contractor. For this reason, a gig worker does not meet the requirements to be called a 'worker' according to the labor law in Indonesia. As someone who is not considered a 'worker', gig workers do not have equal access to the protection and fulfillment of their basic employment rights like regular workers do, despite that the capacity of their work is not much different from regular workers. This research will inspect the legal systems of two countries, Indonesia and the United Kingdom, which have succeeded in guaranteeing the protection and fulfillment of the rights of a gig workers in their countries. Apart from that, this research will be carried out regarding to the independent contracting system between gig workers and companies providing applications to carry out gig works. Based on this research, there is an urgency to establish regulations that specifically regulate the rights and obligations of the parties involved in the Indonesian gig works sector, so that there will be legal certainty and guarantees for the fulfillment of rights for those who work as a gig workers in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebijakan dividen dengan volatilitas harga saham. Kebijakan dividen perusahaan diukur melalui dividend yield DY dan dividend payout DP dengan menambahkan variabel kontrol firm size FS , asset growth AG , long-term debt LD , earning volatility EV , dan earnings per share EPS pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI periode 2009 sampai 2016. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda dan menggunakan data sekunder dengan total sampel penelitian 38 perusahaan non-keuangan yang tercatat di BEI. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel dividend yield memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan, variabel dividend payout, earning volatility, dan EPS memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan firm size, asset growth, dan long-term debt memiliki koefisien positif tidak signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga saham.

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ABSTRACT

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the relationship between dividend policy proxied by dividend yield DY and dividend payout DP and stock price volatility SPV . The control variables used are firm size FS , asset growth AG , long term debt LD , earning volatility EV , and earning per share EPS for non financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX for the period 2009 ndash 2016. This research use a multiple regression analysis method and secondary data from 38 non financial firms listed on IDX within the research period. The results of this study indicated that DY variable has significant positive effect DP, EV, EPS variables have significant negative effect, while FS, AG, and LD variables have no significant positive coefficient to stock price volatility. "

"Tesis ini membahas tentang pendekatan yang dilakukan Amerika Serikat di Kawasan Asia Pasifik dengan menggunakan konsep dan teori politik luar negeri terhadap penyelesaian sengketa di Laut Cina Selatan pada periode kepemimpinan Presiden Barack Obama 2009-2016 . Penelitian memanfaatkan metode kualitatif secara deskriptif analitik untuk memberikan gambaran terkait judul tesis ini. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Amerika Serikat mendorong penyelesaian sengketa Laut Cina Selatan secara damai melalui proses menjaga keseimbangan di kawasan Asia Pasifik; tujuannya adalah menggalang persatuan dan dukungan negara-negara yang terlibat dalam konflik, serta resolusi perdamaian dan menghargai prinsip-prinsip internasional.Proses tersebut dapat diidentifikasi dari kebijakan luar negeri pada era pemerintahan Presiden Barack Obama yang mengalihkan fokus strategi dari Timur Tengah ke Asia serta memasukkan stabilitas Laut Cina Selatan sebagai kepentingan nasional dengan mengimplikasikan smart power international order yang diplomatis untuk membangun kerjasama baik yang bersifat bilateral maupun multilateral dengan negara-negara di kawasan Asia Pasifik.

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This thesis examines an approach of the United States in the Asia Pacific region by using theory and concept of foreign policy of the Obama rsquo s administration 2009 2016 in settling the South China Sea disputes between nations of ASEAN and China. It uses qualitative research by using descriptive analytics design to provide an overview of the topic studied. The process of data collection was done through literature study. The results of the study discovered that the United States encouraged ASEAN member countries which are confronting disputes with China over South China Sea. To settle those disputes the United States in one way, supports the countries involved in the conflict, and in other way, encourages to call for peace resolution and respect the principles and spirit of international law. The approach taken by the United States was drawn from the switch of the United State foreign policies under the Obama rsquo s administration from the Middle East to Asia known as Pivot to Asia and to include maintaining stability as integral part of the United States national interests in the Asia Pacific. Finally, the United States is displaying a sort of diplomacy, the smart power international orderto establish cooperation with countries in the Asia Pacific region both bilaterally or multilaterally."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan zaman berkontribusi pada gangguan Kamtibmas yang semakin kompleks, sehingga berdampak pada permasalahan sosial dalam masyarakat dan berpotensi menimbulkan konflik. Hal tersebut tentunya akan menambah beban operasional tugas Polri di lapangan. Hal paling krusial yang dapat mendukung oprasional tugas Polri di lapangan adalah dengan adanya perencanaan sumber daya manusia yang professional dan akuntabel. Polri memiliki sebuah regulasi untuk mendukung pembinaan karier Polri yaitu dengan metode rekam jejak. Penelitian ini menganalisis konsistensi penetapan aturan rekam jejak dengan implementasinya di Polda Metro Jaya. Selain itu juga, penelitian ini menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan metode rekam jejak dan merumuskan upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan agar metode rekam jejak dapat digunakan secara menyeluruh dan konsisten. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan melakukan studi literatur. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep efektitas, teori manajemen sumber daya manusia, teori penempatan dan teori sistem informasi manajemen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode rekam jejak Perwira Polri belum dilakukan secara menyeluruh di polda Metro Jaya, hal tersebut dikarenakan terbentur dengan kendala-kendala berupa belum jelas mengenai petunjuk pelaksanaan dan ada regulasi yang tidak digunakan sebagaimana mestinya, khususnya mengenai penilaian kinerja dengan sistem manajemen kinerja SMK Polri. Hal tersebut dikarenakan oleh faktor internal yang meliputi latar belakang pendidikan, kinerja, riwayat penugasan, Assessment Center, dukungan kesehatan, dan pengetahuan personel mengenai regulasi yang sedang berjalan. Sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi struktur organisasi dan kebutuhan organisasi, penilaian sidang dewan kebijakan, kebijakan pimpinan, dan adanya interfensi baik dari pimpinan Polri maupun pimpinan di luar Polri. Selanjutnya upaya yang dapat dilakukan agar metode rekam jejak dapar digunakan secara menyeluruh adalah data rekam jejak harus komprehensif, setiap personel dapat mengakses dan diwajibkan untuk memperbaharui isi dari data rekam jejaknya, rekam jejak digunakan secara konsisten, dan dilakukan evaluasi secara periodik dan berkesinambungan.

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ABSTRACTThe development of the times contribute to the increasingly complex intrusion of security and public order, thereby impacting social problems in society and potentially causing conflict. it will increase the operational burden of Police duties. The most crucial thing that can support the operasional duties Police is with a professional and accountable human resources planning. Indonesia National Police has a regulation to support the development of Police officer rsquo s career by the track record method. This study analyzes at the consistency of setting the rules of the track record with its implementation in Metro Jaya regional police headquarters. In addition, this study analyzes at what are the factors that influence the use of the track record method. and formulated the efforts to ensure that the track record method can be used thoroughly and consistently. This research used qualitative approach and data collection techniques use interview, observation, also conducting literature study. The concept used in this research is concept of effectiveness, the theory of human resource management, placement theory, and information management system theory. The results of this study indicate that the Police Officers track record method has not been done thoroughly in Metro Jaya regional police headquarters. it is because of being confronted with obstacles in the form of not yet clear about the implementation instructions and there are regulations that are not being used properly, particularly on performance appraisals with performance management systems. This is due to internal factors that include educational background, performance, assignment history, Assessment Center, health support, and personnel knowledge of ongoing regulations. While external factors include organizational structure and organizational needs, assessment of the board of policy, leadership policy, and the interference of both the leadership of INP and leaders outside the Police. Further efforts that can be done so that the trace method can be used as a whole is the track record data must be comprehensive, each personnel can access and are required to update the contents of their track record data, track records are used consistently, and periodically and continuously evaluated. "

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai pembentukan peraturan keamanan data European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). Uni Eropa berhasil menetapkan EU GDPR pada tahun 2016, disaat negara-negara masih kesulitan menghasilkan kebijakan keamanan yang dapat menjangkau ranah siber secara efektif. Peraturan tersebut berbentuk regulasi sehingga tidak membutuhkan ratifikasi tingkat nasional, sedangkan belum semua negara anggota Uni Eropa memiliki aturan dasar mengenai keamanan siber. Sehingga menjadi pertanyaan mengapa Uni Eropa berhasil membentuk EU GDPR tanpa mendapatkan penolakan dari badan-badan Uni Eropa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teori neofungsionalisme sebagai kerangka analisis. Neofungsionalisme melihat adanya fenomena spillover dalam terjadinya integrasi di Eropa. Tiga variabel spillover yaitu functional spillover, political spillover dan cultivated spillover menjadi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kebijakan. Berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut disimpulkan bahwa peran badan supranasional merupakan kunci penting pada proses integrasi penyebab berhasilnya pembentukan EU GDPR.

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This thesis examines the establishment of EU's new data protection regulation, European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). EU officially signed EU GDPR in 2016, at the moment when states are still in the hassle of procuring a security policy which able to reach the cyberspace effectively. With the form of an EU regulation the EU GDPR do not have to go through ratification on national level, whereas many of EU countries still haven't set their own basic law on cyber security yet. Thus, it brings up the question on why EU's managed to establish EU GDPR without any objections from the EU bodies. This study uses quantitative methodology and neofunctionalism theory as the analytical framework. Neofunctionalism recognize the spillover phenomenon in the occurrence of European Integration. Three variables of spillover: functional spillover, political spillover and cultivated spillover are the main factors which decides the result of the policy agreement. Based on those factors it can be concluded that supranational bodies within EU act as the important key regarding the process of integration which lead to the successful establishment of EU GDPR."

"The types of natural and agricultural science resources contained in the AGRO database have been characterized and their dynamic development in qualitative and quantitative terms in 2009 until 2016 has been described. In addition, types of database records are presented, with justification for their differentiation by records containing only a bibliographic description of the article, bibliographic records along with authors affiliations, records with, in addition to the aforementioned elements, summaries and attachment bibliographies and records of the highest information value, most frequently searched by database users, in other words records containing full texts of articles. Furthermore, the database recipients and their information and search preferences based on surveys are defined. The use of AGRO in Poland and abroad is considered based on selected statistical data. The AGRO database development plans are discussed depending on the acquisition of funds for its maintenance and quantitative development and the multiplication of records with full texts."

"Krisis sistem keuangan merupakan suatu kondisi dimana institusi keuangan dan sistem keuangan yang terintegrasi mengalami gangguan. Bank sebagai salah satu institusi keuangan utama di Indonesia merupakan hal vital dan pengawasan institusi keuangan harus dilaksanakan dengan baik secara menyeluruh. Tulisan ini akan memberikan perbandingan antara otoritas keuangan di Indonesia dan Britania Raya terkait pencegahan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan. Tulisan ini ditulis menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal dan dianalisis secara deskriptif analitis. Sebagai lembaga keuangan vital, pengawasan baik di Indonesia dan Britania Raya dilaksanakan oleh lembaga-lembaga mikroprudensial dan makroprudensial melalui kebijakan yang dimilikinya. Secara umum pencegahan mikroprudensial dengan mengawasi jalannya usaha perbankan terutama dalam permodalan, likuiditas, serta manajemen risiko. Sedangkan lembaga makroprudensial memberikan suatu pengawasan dan analisis menyeluruh terkait risiko sistemik dan sistem keuangan secara keseluruhan, memberikan pengawasan dimana lembaga mikroprudensial tidak memberikan pengawasan. Dalam kondisi krisis, otoritas keuangan di Indonesia dan Britania Raya akan melaksanakan koordinasi untuk memberikan tindakan penanganan. Secara umum, penyelenggaraan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan dilaksanakan cara yang sama, tetapi berbeda dalam tugas otoritas terkait di masing-masing negara. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan koordinasi otoritas keuangan harus dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh dan efisien untuk mencegah terjadinya krisis sistem keuangan yang dapat merugikan negara.

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A financial system crisis is a condition where financial institutions and integrated financial systems are disrupted. Banks as one of the main financial institutions in Indonesia are vital and the supervision of financial institutions must be carried out properly as a whole. This paper will provide a comparison between the financial authorities in Indonesia and the United Kingdom regarding the prevention and countermeasures of financial system crises. This paper is written using doctrinal research method and analysed descriptively. As vital financial institutions, supervision in both Indonesia and the United Kingdom is carried out by microprudential and macroprudential institutions through their policies. In general, microprudential supervision oversees the banking business, especially in terms of capital, liquidity, and risk management. While macroprudential institutions provide a comprehensive supervision and analysis related to systemic risk and the financial system as a whole, providing supervision where microprudential institutions do not provide supervision. In the event of a crisis, financial authorities in Indonesia and the United Kingdom will coordinate to provide handling actions. In general, the organisation and handling of financial system crises are carried out in the same way, but differ in the duties of the relevant authorities in each country. Therefore, it can be concluded that the coordination of financial authorities must be carried out in a coordinated manner."