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"Pemulsaan merupakan teknik yang sering digunakan petani di Indonesia untuk mengendalikan gulma pada area penanaman. Daun ketapang gugur yang merupakan sampah masih memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya dapat dijadikan sebagai mulsa organik untuk mengendalikan gulma. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan mulsa daun ketapang gugur dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan serta produktivitas tanaman tomat. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan yaitu tanpa mulsa, mulsa daun ketapang, dan mulsa plastik dengan masing-masing terdiri atas empat ulangan. Tanaman tomat ditanam di bedengan selama delapan pekan pengamatan. Efektivitas penggunaan mulsa ditinjau dari parameter tanah, pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman, produktivitas tanaman tomat, dan pertumbuhan gulma. Hasil pengamatan parameter tanah seperti suhu, pH, dan kelembapan menunjukkan rerata yang cenderung seragam pada semua perlakuan. Berdasarkan uji Anova, tinggi tanaman, berat basah tanaman, dan kadar klorofil tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Data generatif tanaman yang diamati berupa waktu berbunga. Penggunaan mulsa daun ketapang gugur dinilai sangat efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tambahan terhadap pemanfaatan daun ketapang gugur dalam mempengaruhi produktivitas tanaman dan pengendalian gulma.

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Mulching is a technique often used by farmers in Indonesia to control weeds in planting areas. Ketapang fallen leaves which are considered as a waste still have benefit, they can be used as organic mulch to control weeds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using mulch of ketapang fallen leaves on weed control and tomato plant productivity. This study consisted of three treatments, without mulching, leaf mulch of Ketapang, and plastic mulch each consisting of four replications. Tomato plants were planted in raised beds for eight weeks. The effectiveness of using mulch was determined from soil parameters, vegetative growth, plant productivity, and weed growth. The observations on soil parameters such as temperature, pH, and humidity, showed average values tend to be uniform in all treatments. Based on the Anova test, vegetative growth such as plant height, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content were not significantly different. The plant productivity is measured at the time flowers appears. The use of ketapang fallen leaves as mulch is considered very effective in inhibiting weed growth. This study is expected to provide additional information on the use of ketapang fallen leaves in influencing plant productivity and weed control."

"Mulsa plastik telah dilaporkan sebagai metode paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman tomat. Namun, mulsa plastik berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan, sehingga mulsa organik dianggap sebagai metode alternatif untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan gulma. Sekam padi merupakan salah satu bahan mulsa yang menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mulsa sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat dan pengaruhnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma. Tiga perlakuan (tanpa mulsa, mulsa sekam padi sebanyak 4 kg/m2, dan mulsa plastik) diaplikasikan pada 6 plot penanaman yang berisi 6 tanaman tomat/plot. Secara statistik mulsa sekam padi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, ukuran buah, dan bobot buah. Sebaliknya, tanaman yang diberi mulsa plastik menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Terdapat indikasi tanaman yang diberi mulsa sekam padi mengalami over mulsa (overmulching) karena sebagian daun terlihat kekuningan dan terbakar. Namun, perlakuan mulsa sekam padi dianggap sama efektifnya dengan mulsa plastik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma karena kepadatan gulma turun hingga 75 %.

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Plastic mulch has been reported as the most effective method in inhibiting weeds and increasing tomato production. As plastic mulches bring adverse effect to environment, organic mulches are considered as the alternative method to control weed growth. Rice husk (RH) is one of the promising materials for mulch. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fresh RH mulch on tomato plant’s growth and its effect on inhibiting weed growth. Three treatments (without mulch, 4 kg/m2 RH mulch, and plastic mulch) were carried out in a total of 6 plots containing 6 tomato plants/plot. Statistically, RH mulch had no significant effect on tomato plant growth, fruit size, and fruit weight. In contrast, plants treated with plastic mulch showed better growth even though it was not statistically significant. There was in indication of plants treated with RH mulch experienced over mulching as some of their leaves were observed to be yellowish and burnt. However, RH mulch treatment was considered as effective as plastic mulch in inhibiting weed growth as the weed density was decreased up to 75 %."

"Mulsa plastik telah banyak digunakan oleh petani di Indonesia dalam budidaya tanaman tomat. Penggunaan mulsa plastik dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan menghambat gulma. Namun, penggunaan mulsa plastik dalam jangka panjang dapat mencemari lingkungan karena mulsa plastik sulit terurai. Penggunaan mulsa organik dapat menjadi alternatif dalam menghambat gulma, salah satunya mulsa daun bambu. Mulsa daun bambu diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa alelokimia untuk menghambat gulma. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan mulsa daun bambu dalam menghambat gulma dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan 3 perlakuan yaitu tanpa mulsa, mulsa plastik dan mulsa daun bambu. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 4 plot penanaman dan masing-masing plot terdiri dari 2 tanaman tomat. Berdasarkan analisis statistik pertumbuhan tanaman tomat menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan pada setiap perlakuan. Sebaliknya, berdasarkan rata-rata pertumbuhan tanaman menunjukkan bahwa mulsa plastik memiliki pengaruh yang lebih baik daripada tanpa mulsa dan mulsa daun bambu. Berdasarkan analisis statistik berat basah buah dan diameter buah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan secara signifikan pada setiap perlakuan. Sedangkan, untuk parameter gulma menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mulsa memiliki rata-rata jumlah dan kerapatan gulma yang lebih rendah daripada tanpa mulsa.

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Plastic mulch has been widely used by farmers in Indonesia in cultivating tomato plants. The use of plastic mulch is considered effective in increasing plant growth and inhibiting weeds. However, the long-term use of plastic mulch can pollute the environment because plastic mulch is difficult to decompose. The use of organic mulch can be an alternative in inhibiting weeds, one of which is bamboo leaf mulch. Bamboo leaf mulch is known to produce allelochemical compounds to inhibit weeds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using bamboo leaf mulch in inhibiting weeds and increasing the growth of tomato plants. This research was conducted using 3 treatments, namely without mulch, plastic mulch and bamboo leaf mulch. Each treatment consisted of 4 planting plots and each plot consisted of 2 tomato plants. Based on the statistical analysis of tomato plant growth, the results showed no significant difference in each treatment. On the other hand, based on the growth rate of plants, it shows that plastic mulch has a better effect than without mulch and bamboo leaf mulch. Based on the statistical analysis of fruit wet weight and fruit diameter, there were significant differences in each treatment. Meanwhile, weed parameters showed that mulching had an average number and density of weeds lower than without mulch."

"[ABSTRAKLimbah yang mengandung logam berat timbal (Pb) sangat berbahaya bagilingkungan. Selama ini beberapa proses pengolahan telah diperkenalkan untukmengolah limbah, dari proses pengendapan, hingga menggunakan resin penukarion. Daun ketapang telah di gunakan sebagai media pengolahan air yangdigunakan untuk akuarium. Para peneliti telah menunjukkan daun ketapangberpotensi sebagai pengolah air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipotensi biosorpsi daun ketapang pada limbah yang tercemar logam berbahaya,dengan mempelajari karakteristik biosorpsi, kesetimbangan, kinetika dantermodinamika. Kondisi optimum seperti pH, dosis daun ketapang, waktu kontakdan suhu akan di amati pada penelitian ini. Hasil Penelitian Biomassa daunketapang berpotensi sebagai biosorben, dengan perlakuan asam atau basa, daunketapang ini masih memberikan % adsorpsi yang kompetitif dengan daunketapang yang diperlakukan asam. Penyerapan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH ,konsentrasi ion Pb, massa adsorben, waktu kontak dan suhu, yang berurutan nilaimaksimum nya adalah pH 3, konsentrasi ion Pb 5 mg/L, massa adsorben 0,5gram, waktu kontak 4 jam, dan suhu 40 oC. Laju reaksi berjalan pada orde satudan memenuhi kaidah isotermal Freundlich serta Langmuir. Daun ketapangdengan perlakuan diasamkan memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan daengan daunketapang murni dan daun ketapang dibasakan.

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ABSTRACTWaste containing of lead (Pb) is very dangerous for environment. However,waste treatment process has been introduced to minimize the waste, either byprecipitation process or ionic exchange resin. In addition, researchers have shownthat ketapang leaves (Terminalia Catappa) can be potentially used in waste watertreatment. It has been used as water treatment media for fresh water aquarium.Moreover, this research is aimed to find out the potential of ketapang leavesbiosorption for waste that has been polluted by dangerous metal, such as lead, byinvestigating the characteristics of biosorption, balance, kinetics andthermodynamics. Maximum conditions of pH, ketapang leaves dose, contact time,and temperature were also investigated in this research. The result shows thatbiomass of ketapang leaves is potential to be biosorbent, and with regard to acidor base reaction it still has potential to be biosorbent. Nevertheless, the absorbtionis really dependent to pH, Pb concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, andtemperature, in which the maximum limits are 3; 5 mg/L; 0.5 gram; 4 hours;400C; respectively. Reaction rate, moreover, was running on first order and wasfulfilled the principle of Freundlich as well as Langmuir. Ketapang leaves withacidified treatment has advantages over the pure ketapang leaves and leafketapang basified.;Waste containing of lead (Pb) is very dangerous for environment. However,waste treatment process has been introduced to minimize the waste, either byprecipitation process or ionic exchange resin. In addition, researchers have shownthat ketapang leaves (Terminalia Catappa) can be potentially used in waste watertreatment. It has been used as water treatment media for fresh water aquarium.Moreover, this research is aimed to find out the potential of ketapang leavesbiosorption for waste that has been polluted by dangerous metal, such as lead, byinvestigating the characteristics of biosorption, balance, kinetics andthermodynamics. Maximum conditions of pH, ketapang leaves dose, contact time,and temperature were also investigated in this research. The result shows thatbiomass of ketapang leaves is potential to be biosorbent, and with regard to acidor base reaction it still has potential to be biosorbent. Nevertheless, the absorbtionis really dependent to pH, Pb concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, andtemperature, in which the maximum limits are 3; 5 mg/L; 0.5 gram; 4 hours;400C; respectively. Reaction rate, moreover, was running on first order and wasfulfilled the principle of Freundlich as well as Langmuir. Ketapang leaves withacidified treatment has advantages over the pure ketapang leaves and leafketapang basified., Waste containing of lead (Pb) is very dangerous for environment. However,waste treatment process has been introduced to minimize the waste, either byprecipitation process or ionic exchange resin. In addition, researchers have shownthat ketapang leaves (Terminalia Catappa) can be potentially used in waste watertreatment. It has been used as water treatment media for fresh water aquarium.Moreover, this research is aimed to find out the potential of ketapang leavesbiosorption for waste that has been polluted by dangerous metal, such as lead, byinvestigating the characteristics of biosorption, balance, kinetics andthermodynamics. Maximum conditions of pH, ketapang leaves dose, contact time,and temperature were also investigated in this research. The result shows thatbiomass of ketapang leaves is potential to be biosorbent, and with regard to acidor base reaction it still has potential to be biosorbent. Nevertheless, the absorbtionis really dependent to pH, Pb concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, andtemperature, in which the maximum limits are 3; 5 mg/L; 0.5 gram; 4 hours;400C; respectively. Reaction rate, moreover, was running on first order and wasfulfilled the principle of Freundlich as well as Langmuir. Ketapang leaves withacidified treatment has advantages over the pure ketapang leaves and leafketapang basified.]"

"Korosi merupakan proses alami yang terjadi pada setiap logam, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meminimalisir laju korosi tersebut. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan menambahkan inhibitor pada media korosifnya. Inhibitor adalah penambahan sejumlah kecil senyawa kimia ke dalam media korosif dan menyebabkan laju korosi menurun. Penggunaan inhibitor yang ramah dan aman bagi lingkungan merupakan pilihan yang penting pada saat ini, terutama untuk industri farmasi, industri makanan dan minuman. Upaya mensinergikan bio inhibitor yang berasal dari alam adalah salah satu alternatif agar bio-inhibitor memiliki performa yang lebih baik. Pada penelitian ini digunakan bahan alam ekstrak daun ketapang, ekstrak sekam padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan masing-masing inhibitor dan mengetahui sinergisitas ekstrak daun ketapang dan KI, ekstrak sekam padi dan KI. Metoda yang dilakukan adalah dengan weightloss. Kemudian ditinjau dari termodinamika dan kinetika serta dilakukan Analisa SEM. Adapun pengukuran elektrokimia dilakukan sebagai informasi tambahan tentang jenis inhibitor yang digunakan. Keberhasilan sinergisitas dilihat dari kenaikan nilai efisiensi inhibisi sebelum dan sesudah bersinergi dan nilai sinergisitas yang lebih besar dari satu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Sinergisitas ekstrak daun ketapang dan KI dengan penambahan ekstrak sekam padi memiliki sinergisitas yang sangat baik untuk semua suhu (313K,333K dan 353K). Reaksi berlangsung secara spontan, adsorpsi berlangsung secara chemisorption dan lapisan pasivasi yang terbentuk cenderung stabil. Sehingga sinergisitas ini dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagai bio inhibitor pada larutan asam H2SO4 1M. Komposisi optimum untuk masing-masing inhibitor dan KI adalah 500 ppm EDK+50 ppm KI+750 ppm ESP, kenaikan suhu dari 313K, 333K dan 353K adsorpsi berlangsung secara chemisorption, ditandai dengan nilai ΔGads semakin negatif (< 20 kJ/mol.K).

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Corrosion is a natural process that occurs in every metal, efforts need to be made to minimize the corrosion rate. One method that can be used is by adding inhibitors to the corrosive media. An inhibitor is the addition of a small amount of a chemical compound into a corrosive medium and causes the corrosion rate to decrease. The use of friendly and environmentally safe inhibitors is an important choice at this time. Efforts to synergize bio-inhibitors from nature are one alternative so that bio-inhibitors have better performance. In this study used natural ingredients terminalia catappa leaves extract and rice husk extract.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of each inhibitor and determine the synergy of terminalia catappa leaves extract and KI, rice husk extract and KI. The method used is weight loss. Then it is reviewed from thermodynamics and kinetics and SEM analysis. The electrochemical measurements are carried out as additional information about the type of inhibitor used. The success of synergy can be seen from the increase in the value of inhibition efficiency before and after synergy and the greater synergistic value than one.

The results showed that the synergy of terminalia catappa leaves extract and KI with the addition of rice husk extract had excellent synergy for all temperatures (313K, 333K and 353K). The reaction takes place spontaneously, adsorption takes place in chemisorption and the passivation layer formed tends to be stable. So that this synergy can be used as an alternative as a bio-inhibitor in 1M H2SO4 solution. The optimum composition for each inhibitor and KI is 500 ppm EDK + 50 ppm KI + 750 ppm ESP, temperature rise of 313K, 333K and 353K adsorption takes place in chemisorption, indicated by the value of ΔGads getting negative (< 20 kJ / mol.K)."

"Sistem intercropping merupakan sistem budidaya tanaman yang dilakukan dengan menanam lebih dari satu jenis tanaman secara bersamaan pada areal lahan yang sama. Sistem intercropping dinilai mampu meningkatkan hasil pendapatan dan mengurangi resiko kerugian akibat gagal panen pada salah satu tanaman produksi. Penanaman bersama tanaman bunga matahari dan tomat merupakan salah satu contoh sistem budidaya tanaman menggunakan sistem intercropping. Namun, penelitian yang mengkaji tentang sistem intercropping tanaman bunga matahari dan tomat dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil panen masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasiefektivitas sistem intercropping bunga matahari dan tomat terhadap pengendalian gulma, produktivitas dan pertumbuhan tanaman produksi. Tanaman bunga matahari dan tanaman tomat ditanam dalam waktu yang bersamaan dengan pola yang berselang seling selama 13 pekan dengan rasio 1:1 sebanyak dua kali pengulangan. Berdasarkan evaluasi hasil panen, sistem intercropping bunga matahari dan tomat menyebabkan hasil panen buah tomat dan yield bunga matahari menurun (LER= 0,652<1). Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh persainganinterspesifik yang didominasi oleh tanaman tomat (A= +0,165, CR=1,677). Berdasarkan uji Mann Whitney, berat yield bunga matahari/individu tanaman pada sistem intercroppping lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sistem monocropping sehingga memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05). Oleh karena itu, penggunaan tanaman bunga matahari sebagai tanaman pendamping pada sistem intercropping tomat dinilai kurang tepat apabila transplantasi dilakukan secara bersamaan. Meskipun demikian, sistem intercropping bunga matahari dantomat memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sistem monocropping dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma dan infeksi hama serta menurunkan peristiwa retak buah tomat. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan evaluasi terkait waktu dan rasio yang tepat dalam pengaplikasian tanaman bunga matahari sebagai tanaman pendamping pada sistem intercropping tomat.

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The intercropping system was a plant cultivation system that was carried out by planting more than one type of plant simultaneously on the same land area. The intercropping system

had been considered to be able to increase income yield and reduce the risk of loss due to

crop failure in one of the production plants. The co-planting of sunflower and tomato plants

was an example of a crop cultivation system using an intercropping system. However,

research that examines the intercropping system of sunflower and tomato plants in an effort

to increase yields was still very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the

effectiveness of sunflower and tomato intercropping systems on plant productivity and weed

control. Sunflower and tomato plants were transplanted at the same time and planted in a

pattern that was alternated for 13 weeks at a 1:1 ratio of two times. Based on the evaluation

results, the sunflower and tomato intercropping system caused the tomato fruit yield and

sunflower yield to decrease (LER = 0.652 <1). This was caused by interspecific competition

which was dominated by tomato plants (A = +0.165, CR = 1.677). Based on the Mann

Whitney test, the yield weight of sunflower / individual plants in the intercroppping system

had a lower weight than the monocropping system so that it had a significant difference (P

<0.05). Therefore, the use of sunflower plants as companion plants in the tomato

intercropping system was considered inappropriate if the transplants were carried out

simultaneously. However, the sunflower and tomato intercropping system had better

effectiveness than the monocropping system in inhibiting weed growth and pest infection

and reducing the incidence of tomato fruit cracking. This research was expected to provide

appropriate considerations regarding the use of sunflowers as a companion plant in the

tomato intercropping system in an effort to increase plant productivity and weed control."

"Sistem intercropping merupakan sistem budidaya tanaman yang dilakukan dengan menanamlebih dari satu jenis tanaman secara bersamaan pada areal lahan yang sama. Sistemintercropping dinilai mampu meningkatkan hasil pendapatan dan mengurangi resikokerugian akibat gagal panen pada salah satu tanaman produksi. Penanaman bersama tanamanbunga matahari dan tomat merupakan salah satu contoh sistem budidaya tanamanmenggunakan sistem intercropping. Namun, penelitian yang mengkaji tentang sistemintercropping tanaman bunga matahari dan tomat dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil panenmasih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasiefektivitas sistem intercropping bunga matahari dan tomat terhadap pengendalian gulma,produktivitas dan pertumbuhan tanaman produksi. Tanaman bunga matahari dan tanamantomat ditanam dalam waktu yang bersamaan dengan pola yang berselang seling selama 13pekan dengan rasio 1:1 sebanyak dua kali pengulangan. Berdasarkan evaluasi hasil panen,sistem intercropping bunga matahari dan tomat menyebabkan hasil panen buah tomat danyield bunga matahari menurun (LER= 0,652<1). Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh persainganinterspesifik yang didominasi oleh tanaman tomat (A= +0,165, CR=1,677). Berdasarkan ujiMann Whitney, berat yield bunga matahari/individu tanaman pada sistem intercropppinglebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sistem monocropping sehingga memiliki perbedaan yangsignifikan (P<0,05). Oleh karena itu, penggunaan tanaman bunga matahari sebagai tanamanpendamping pada sistem intercropping tomat dinilai kurang tepat apabila transplantasidilakukan secara bersamaan. Meskipun demikian, sistem intercropping bunga matahari dantomat memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sistem monocropping dalammenghambat pertumbuhan gulma dan infeksi hama serta menurunkan peristiwa retak buahtomat. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan evaluasi terkait waktu dan rasio yangtepat dalam pengaplikasian tanaman bunga matahari sebagai tanaman pendamping padasistem intercropping tomat.

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The intercropping system was a plant cultivation system that was carried out by planting

more than one type of plant simultaneously on the same land area. The intercropping system

had been considered to be able to increase income yield and reduce the risk of loss due to

crop failure in one of the production plants. The co-planting of sunflower and tomato plants

was an example of a crop cultivation system using an intercropping system. However,

research that examines the intercropping system of sunflower and tomato plants in an effort

to increase yields was still very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the

effectiveness of sunflower and tomato intercropping systems on plant productivity and weed

control. Sunflower and tomato plants were transplanted at the same time and planted in a

pattern that was alternated for 13 weeks at a 1:1 ratio of two times. Based on the evaluation

results, the sunflower and tomato intercropping system caused the tomato fruit yield and

sunflower yield to decrease (LER = 0.652 <1). This was caused by interspecific competition

which was dominated by tomato plants (A = +0.165, CR = 1.677). Based on the Mann

Whitney test, the yield weight of sunflower / individual plants in the intercroppping system

had a lower weight than the monocropping system so that it had a significant difference (P

<0.05). Therefore, the use of sunflower plants as companion plants in the tomato

intercropping system was considered inappropriate if the transplants were carried out

simultaneously. However, the sunflower and tomato intercropping system had better

effectiveness than the monocropping system in inhibiting weed growth and pest infection

and reducing the incidence of tomato fruit cracking. This research was expected to provide

appropriate considerations regarding the use of sunflowers as a companion plant in the

tomato intercropping system in an effort to increase plant productivity and weed control."

"Ekstrak tanaman yang dapat menghambat aktivitas α-Glukosidase berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. Ekstrak daun ketapang dilaporkan dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus, namun belum diketahui mekanisme kerjanya dalam menghambat aktivitas α-Glukosidase. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji fraksi teraktif daun ketapang yang dapat menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas penghambatan enzim adalah dengan spectrophotometric stop rate determination menggunakan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 405 nm dengan substrat p-Nitrofenil-α-D-Glukopiranosida. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak teraktif adalah daun ketapang hijau dengan nilai IC50 57,36 ppm dan fraksi teraktif adalah etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 49,28 ppm dengan aktivitas penghambatan kompetitif. Dari hasil penapisan fitokimia diperoleh bahwa fraksi etil asetat ketapang hijau mengandung flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan glikosida.

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The plant extract that could inhibit the activity of α-Glucosidase are potentially used as antidiabetic. Extract of Terminaliacatappa leaves was reported increasing blood sugar levels in rats, but never known its activity in inhibiting α-Glucosidase. This research aimed to find the most active fraction of Terminaliacatappaleaves that could inhibit the α-Glucosidase activity and identify the phytochemical compound. Extraction done by macerationuse 80% ethanol. The inhibitory activity of enzyme was measured by spectrophotometric stop rate determinationmethode usemicroplate reader with p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside as substrate in 405 nm.The result showed the most active extract is green leaves which value of IC50 is 57,36 ppm and the most active fraction is ethyl acetate with IC5049,28 ppm and has a competitive inhibitory activity. Phytochemical identification showed that fraction of ethyl acetate contained flavonoids,saponin, tanin and glycoside."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai denganhiperglikemia dan abnormalitas metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein yangdisebabkan oleh penurunan sekresi insulin, penurunan sensitivitas insulin, ataukeduanya. Salah satu terapi yang digunakan untuk mengobati diabetes melitusadalah obat penghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase. Obat penghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase bekerja menghambat α-glukosidase yang terdapat pada dinding usushalus. Penghambatan kerja enzim tersebut secara efektif dapat mengurangipencernaan karbohidrat kompleks dan absorbsinya, sehingga dapat mengurangipeningkatan kadar gula postprandial pada penderita diabetes. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh fraksi yang memiliki penghambatanaktivitas α-glukosidase tertinggi dari ekstrak n-heksana buah ketapang danmengetahui golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi teraktif. Metode ekstraksi yangdigunakan adalah ekstraksi bertingkat secara refluks dengan menggunakan pelarutn-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Alat microplate reader digunakan untukmenguji penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase. Hasil menunjukkan bahwaekstrak n-heksana aktif menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase dengan IC50 sebesar67,914 μg/mL. Fraksi D merupakan fraksi teraktif dari ekstrak n-heksana dengannilai IC50 sebesar 49,715 μg/mL. Jenis mekanisme penghambatan kerja enzimnyaadalah inhibitor kompetitif. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkanbahwa fraksi teraktif mengandung senyawa terpenoid dan glikon.

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AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized byhyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism asresults from defects in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or both. One therapythat is used in treating diabetes mellitus is α-glucosidase inhibitor. It inhibitsactivity of α-glucosidase in the intestinal wall. Inhibition of this enzyme canreduce digestion and absorption of complex carbohydrates effectively so that, canreduce postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients. The aim of this study wasto get the fraction which had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from nhexaneextract of ketapang fruits and to know the phytochemical compounds fromthe most active fraction. The method of extraction is graduated-reflux with nhexane,ethyl acetate, and methanol. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase wasassayed by microplate reader. The result showed that n-hexane extract of ketapangfruits actively inhibits α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values 67,914 μg/mL. Dfraction was the most active fractions from n-hexane extract with IC50 values49,715 μg/mL. Its type of enzyme inhibition mechanism is competitive inhibitory.The result of phytochemical screening showed that the most active fractioncontains terpenoids and glycons."

"Inhibitor α-glukosidase merupakan obat terapetik untuk penyakit diabetes yang bekerja menginhibisi metabolisme karbohidrat. Buah ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) mempunyai efek menghambat α-glukosidase, sehingga dapat menjadi obat alami yang potensial untuk pengobatan tipe II diabetes melitus. Kandungan kimia buah ketapang adalah fenol, antosianin, dan fitosterol.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari senyawa aktif menggunakan metode penambatan molekuler dengan perangkat lunak AutoDock4.2. Sebagai protein target adalah enzim α-glukosidase dari Saccharomyces cereviciae. Senyawa aktif yang dihasilkan berdasarkan nilai energi bebas terbaik (ΔG) dan konstanta inhibisi (Ki). Pencarian senyawa aktif dilakukan melalui ekstraksi dan fraksinasi buah ketapang, kemudian penentuan senyawa kimia dengan GC-MS dan uji aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase dengan uji in vitro. Nilai energi bebas terbaik, ΔG = -10,61 kkal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi 0,02 µM untuk stigmast-5-en-3-β-ol(β- sitosterol). Maserasi bertingkat buah ketapang dengan pelarut heksan, etil asetat dan metanol dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi kolom, menghasilkan fraksi B etil asetat dengan aktivitas in vitro IC50 = 296,28 ppm yang kemudian diidentifikasi dengan GC-MS memberikan hasil adanya stigmast-5-en-3-ol asetat dan stigmast-4-en-3-on dan tidak ditemukan adanya β- sitosterol. Diduga dalam fraksi tersebut senyawa yang memberikan aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase adalah turunan β-sitosterol yaitu stigmast-5-en-3-ol asetat dan stigmast-4-en-3-on dengan energi bebas -11,14 dan -9,79 kkal/mol.

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α-Glukosidase inhibitors are therapeutic drugs for diabetes that act through the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism. Indian Almond fruits (Terminaliacatappa L.) have inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, therefore can be a potential natural source for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Chemical constituents of ketapang fruits are phenol, antocyanin, and phytosterol.This research aim to find the active compound withmolecular docking method use AutoDock4.2 software. The target protein is α-glucosidase enzyme from Saccharomyces cereviciae. Active compound produced by the best binding energy value (ΔG) and inhibition constants (Ki). Screening of active compound conducted by extraction and fractionation of ketapang fruits, then determination the chemical compound use GC ? MS, and evaluate the inhibitory activity of α - glucosidase with in vitro test. The best value of binding energy, ΔG = -10.61 kcal/mol and inhibition constant 0.02 µM is for stigmast-5-en-3-β-ol (β-sitosterol). Stepwise maceration of ketapang fruit with hexane, aethyl acetate and methanol followed by column chromatography, yield aethyl acetate B fraction with in vitro activity IC50 = 296.28 ppm then identified by GC-MS give result stigmast-5-en-3-ol acetate and stigmast-4-en-3-one and did not find any β - sitosterol. Suspectly in the fraction of compounds that provide α-glucosidase inhibitory activity is derived from β?sitosterol, that is stigmast-5-en-3-ol acetate and stigmast-4-en-3-one with binding energy -11.14 and -9.79 kcal / mol."