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"Penelitian ini membahas representasi kelompok etnis yang ada dalam film “Alleen MaarNette Mensen”. Kelompok etnis tersebut adalah kelompok etnis Yahudi, Suriname, danMaroko. Dalam melakukan analisis, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dan didukungoleh teori identitas budaya, pendekatan etnisitas, dan stereotip. Penelitian ini menunjukanbahwa pada film “ Alleen Maar Nette Mensen” , kelompok masyarakat Yahudi digambarkandengan stereotip kelompok kaya, mapan, dan intelek. kelompok masyarakat Surinamedigambarkan sebagai kelompok miskin, kaum lelaki dari kelompok Suriname digambarkandengan stereotip tidak bertanggung jawab dan egois. Perempuan kelompok etnis Surinamememiliki stereotip materialistis dan kasar. Kelompok masyarakat Maroko digambarkansebagai kelompok kriminal. Stereotip kelompok etnis dalam film “Alleen Maar NetteMensen” digambarkan melalui sifat konsumtif, gaya hidup, tempat tinggal, dan tanggapantokoh dalam film. Dari analisis yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa stereotip kelompoketnis yang ada di dalam film ini sesuai dengan pandangan masyarakat pada umumnya."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh sumber kritik terhadap respons penerimaan kritik, ketika kritik berasal dari ingroup dibandingkan ketika kritik tersebut berasal dari outgroup. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh stereotip etnis target terhadap respons dalam menerima kritik, ketika kritik yang disampaikan ditujukan langsung kepada kelompok, dibandingkan ketika ditujukan kepada individu yang merupakan bagian dari kelompok yang dilihat dari beberapa dimensi pengukuran intergroup sensitivity effect. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan respons penerimaan kritik berdasarkan sumber kritik pada dimensi likeability, agreement, dan jarak sosial. Dan, terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respons penerimaan kritik berdasarkan stereotip etnis target pada dimensi likeability, constructiveness, dan negativity. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kritik yang berasal dari outgroup mendapat respon lebih sensitif dari kritik yang diberikan oleh ingroup untuk dimensi likeability, constructiveness, agreement, need for reform, dan jarak sosial. Dan, kritik yang ditujukan kepada kelompok mendapat respons yang lebih sensitif dibandingkan dengan kritik yang ditujukan kepada individu yang merupakan bagian dari kelompok pada dimensi likeability dan jarak sosial.

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This study examined the differences in the effect of sources of criticism to the response in accepting criticism when the criticism comes from ingroup than when it derived from outgroup. This study would also like to know the differences in the effect of ethnic stereotypes to the response against the target of criticism, when the criticism were addresed directly to the intended group, compared when it was addressed to an individual who was part of the group which is seen from several dimensions of measurement of intergroup sensitivity effect.

These findings show that, there is a significant difference of main effect on the response acceptance of criticism based on the sources of criticism on likeability, agreement, and social distance dimension. And, there is a significant difference of main effect on the response acceptance of criticism based on the target ethnic stereotype on likeability, constructiveness, and negativity dimension.

The results also show that criticism from outgroup received more sensitive response from criticisms given by ingroups for likeability, constructiveness, agreement, need for reform, and social distance dimensions. And, critics addressed to the group received more sensitive response compared when it was addressed to an individual who was part of the group on likeability and social distances dimension."

"ABSTRAK Makalah ini membahas stereotip media dari pria homoseksual dan unsur heteroseksisme dalam film the Imitation Game. Sebagai film independen yang paling banyak ditonton pada tahun 2014, the Imitation Game adalah karya bertema homosexual seperti pendahulunya Will and Grace (1998-2006) dan Brokeback Mountain (2005). Penelitian menggunakan teori analisis tekstual oleh Alan McKee untuk membahas unsur mise-en-scene dan narasi. Ditemukan bahwa meskipun Alan Turing sebagai tokoh utama terlihat berlawanan dengan stereotip pria gay, beberapa ciri karakternya masih terikat kepada stereotip homoseksual di media - yaitu feminin, flamboyan, dan menjadi penjahat/ korban. Selain itu, unsur heteroseksisme yang terjadi di the Imitation Game adalah formula berulang yang juga terjadi pada Will dan Grace dan Brokeback Mountain. Walaupun komunitas LGBT telah diterima di masyarakat Amerika, media AS sendiri masih butuh waktu untuk benar-benar merepresentasikan homoseksualitas tanpa unsur hetero-normativitas.Makalah ini membahas stereotip media dari pria homoseksual dan unsur heteroseksisme dalam film the Imitation Game. Sebagai film independen yang paling banyak ditonton pada tahun 2014, the Imitation Game adalah karya bertema homosexual seperti pendahulunya Will and Grace (1998-2006) dan Brokeback Mountain (2005). Penelitian menggunakan teori analisis tekstual oleh Alan McKee untuk membahas unsur mise-en-scene dan narasi. Ditemukan bahwa meskipun Alan Turing sebagai tokoh utama terlihat berlawanan dengan stereotip pria gay, beberapa ciri karakternya masih terikat kepada stereotip homoseksual di media - yaitu feminin, flamboyan, dan menjadi penjahat/ korban. Selain itu, unsur heteroseksisme yang terjadi di the Imitation Game adalah formula berulang yang juga terjadi pada Will dan Grace dan Brokeback Mountain. Walaupun komunitas LGBT telah diterima di masyarakat Amerika, media AS sendiri masih butuh waktu untuk benar-benar merepresentasikan homoseksualitas tanpa unsur hetero-normativitas.ABSTRACT This paper discusses the media?s stereotypes of homosexual men and heterosexualization in the Imitation Game film. As the most watched independent film in 2014, the Imitation Game is an influential homosexual-themed work following its two predecessors Will and Grace (1998-2006) and Brokeback Mountain (2005). Using textual analysis theory by Alan McKee to examine the mise-en-scenes and the narratives, this study has found that despite the seemingly non-stereotypical portrayal of Alan Turing as a gay mathematician, some of his character traits are still tied to the classical homosexual men stereotypes in the media ? the effeminate, flamboyant, and victim/villain personality. Furthermore, the heterosexualization which overvalues the relationship between a gay man and a straight woman is very prevalent in the film and diminishing the homosexual nature of the main character. The heterosexualization that happens in the Imitation Game is a repetitive formula that also occurs in Will and Grace and Brokeback Mountain. Thus, despite the society?s growing reception toward LGBT communities, the US media still has a long way to go before it could present homosexuality without overshadowing it with hetero-normativity.;This paper discusses the media?s stereotypes of homosexual men and heterosexualization in the Imitation Game film. As the most watched independent film in 2014, the Imitation Game is an influential homosexual-themed work following its two predecessors Will and Grace (1998-2006) and Brokeback Mountain (2005). Using textual analysis theory by Alan McKee to examine the mise-en-scenes and the narratives, this study has found that despite the seemingly non-stereotypical portrayal of Alan Turing as a gay mathematician, some of his character traits are still tied to the classical homosexual men stereotypes in the media ? the effeminate, flamboyant, and victim/villain personality. Furthermore, the heterosexualization which overvalues the relationship between a gay man and a straight woman is very prevalent in the film and diminishing the homosexual nature of the main character. The heterosexualization that happens in the Imitation Game is a repetitive formula that also occurs in Will and Grace and Brokeback Mountain. Thus, despite the society?s growing reception toward LGBT communities, the US media still has a long way to go before it could present homosexuality without overshadowing it with hetero-normativity.;This paper discusses the media?s stereotypes of homosexual men and heterosexualization in the Imitation Game film. As the most watched independent film in 2014, the Imitation Game is an influential homosexual-themed work following its two predecessors Will and Grace (1998-2006) and Brokeback Mountain (2005). Using textual analysis theory by Alan McKee to examine the mise-en-scenes and the narratives, this study has found that despite the seemingly non-stereotypical portrayal of Alan Turing as a gay mathematician, some of his character traits are still tied to the classical homosexual men stereotypes in the media ? the effeminate, flamboyant, and victim/villain personality. Furthermore, the heterosexualization which overvalues the relationship between a gay man and a straight woman is very prevalent in the film and diminishing the homosexual nature of the main character. The heterosexualization that happens in the Imitation Game is a repetitive formula that also occurs in Will and Grace and Brokeback Mountain. Thus, despite the society?s growing reception toward LGBT communities, the US media still has a long way to go before it could present homosexuality without overshadowing it with hetero-normativity.;This paper discusses the media?s stereotypes of homosexual men and heterosexualization in the Imitation Game film. As the most watched independent film in 2014, the Imitation Game is an influential homosexual-themed work following its two predecessors Will and Grace (1998-2006) and Brokeback Mountain (2005). Using textual analysis theory by Alan McKee to examine the mise-en-scenes and the narratives, this study has found that despite the seemingly non-stereotypical portrayal of Alan Turing as a gay mathematician, some of his character traits are still tied to the classical homosexual men stereotypes in the media ? the effeminate, flamboyant, and victim/villain personality. Furthermore, the heterosexualization which overvalues the relationship between a gay man and a straight woman is very prevalent in the film and diminishing the homosexual nature of the main character. The heterosexualization that happens in the Imitation Game is a repetitive formula that also occurs in Will and Grace and Brokeback Mountain. Thus, despite the society?s growing reception toward LGBT communities, the US media still has a long way to go before it could present homosexuality without overshadowing it with hetero-normativity."

"Film dengan genre animasi memiliki daya tarik tersendiri. Film animasi dapat merepresentasikan unsur kebudayaan suatu bangsa dengan grafis yang beragam dan menarik. Salah satu film yang merepresentasikan budaya Cina antara lain adalah Film Turning Red '青春变形记' (Qīngchūn biànxíng jì) (2020). Representasi budaya Cina dalam film Turning Red menampilkan unsur-unsur ajaran Konfusianisme dalam hubungan keluarga. Konfusianisme merupakan salah satu unsur kebudayaan Cina yang berisi falsafah hidup bagi etnis Cina baik yang tinggal di daratan Cina, maupun di luar daratan Cina. Dalam Konfusianisme terdapat konsep harmonisasi sebagai unsur bijak manusia antara lain Ren 仁 (kemanusiaan), Yi 義 (kebajikan/keadilan), Li 礼 (etika), Zhi 知 (pengetahuan), Xin 信 (integritas), Zhong 忠 (kesetiaan), 孝 (Xiào) (bakti kepada orang tua). Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana representasi Xiao pada film animasi berjudul Turning Red melalui penokohan Meilin Lee, Ming Lee, dan Wu. Melalui metode kualitatif, penelitian ini akan mengungkapkan bagaimana bentuk representasi konsep Xiao yang ditunjukan pada film Turning Red melalui adegan tokoh-tokoh pada film. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa konsep Xiao merupakan faktor penting dalam membangun alur dan penokohan dalam film ini.

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Films with the animation genre have their own charm. Animated films can represent elements of a nation's culture with diverse and attractive graphics. One of the films that represents Chinese culture is Turning Red '青春变形记' (Qīngchūn biànxíng jì) (2020).The representation of Chinese culture in the film Turning Red displays elements of Confucianism in family relationships. Confucianism is one of the elements of Chinese culture which contains a philosophy of life for ethnic Chinese both living in mainland China and outside mainland China. In Confucianism there is the concept of harmonization as a wise human element, including Ren 仁 (humanity), Yi 義 (virtue/justice), Li 礼 (ethics), Zhi 知 (knowledge), Xin 信 (integrity), Zhong 忠 (loyalty), 孝 (Xiào) (filial piety). This study intends to find out how Xiao is represented in the animated film Turning Red through the characterizations of Meilin Lee, Ming Lee, and Wu. Through qualitative methods, this study will reveal how the form of representation of Xiao's concept is shown in the film Turning Red through the scenes of the characters in the film. Through a descriptive approach, this research finds that Xiao's concept is an important factor in developing the plot and characterizations in this film."

"Film merupakan sebuah produk budaya yang mewarisi nilai-nilai dan makna dari realitas hidup. Di antara banyak film yang diproduksi oleh industri film Hollywood, ada beberapa film yang dibuat untuk menggambarkan budaya dan nilai orang-orang Asia. Crazy Rich Asians (2018), disutradai dan ditulis oleh orang Amerika keturunan Asia, adalah salah satu dari film yang memiliki tujuan tersebut. Film tersebut, yang membuat kesuksesan box office, melibatkan sebagian besar pemeran orang Asia, dan banyak penelitian telah dilakukan tentang penggmbaran karakter wanita dalam film tersebut dan masalah dikotomi pada nilai Timur-Barat. Studi kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana tokoh laki-laki direpresentasikan dalam film, hubungannya dengan kenyataan, dan ideologi dibalik representasi tersebut berdasarkan teori Semiotik dari John Fiske yang berjudul `The Codes of Television`. Tulisan ini juga mengkaji bagaimana orientalisme menjadi salah satu ideologi utama yang tersirat dalam film tersebut. Studi tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa representasi tokoh laki-laki Asia dalam film ini telah bergeser dari stereotipe orang Asia pada zaman dahulu, namun masih tergambar secara parsial melalui sudut pandang Barat.

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A film is a cultural product that inherits values and meanings from the reality of life. Among many films produced by the Hollywood film industry, there are a number of films that are made to portray Asian`s culture and values. Crazy Rich Asians (2018), directed and written by Asian Americans, is one of the films that serves the purpose. The film, which made a box office success, involved largely Asian casts, and many studies have been conducted on the portrayal of the female characters in the film and the issue of East-West values dichotomy. This qualitative study aims to further discuss the male characters in the film, which is still lacking. It aims to provide insights on how the male characters are represented in the film, its relation to the reality, and the ideology behind the representation based on a semiotic theory called `The Codes of Television` by John Fiske. It also examines how the orientalism becomes one of the major ideologies implied in the film. The study reveals that the representation of Asian male characters in this film have shifted from the old Asians` stereotypes, yet it is still partially portrayed through the Western`s point of view."

"Singapura selalu meninggalkan ruang bagi para peneliti untuk terjun lebih dalam kemultirasialisme. Pentingnya multikulturalisme telah menjadikan multikulturalisme itu sendiri sebagai fondasi dari peraturan dan kebijakan pemerintah untuk mendefinisikanapa artinya menjadi orang Singapura atau biasa disebut sebagai Singaporean. Namun, representasi multirasialisme dalam identitas Singapura melalui media sosialdalam studi budaya masih kurang dieksplorasi, terutama di dalam ranah Instagram. Studi ini meneliti representasi identitas Singaporean melalui perspektif multirasialisme dalam studi budaya. Akun Instagram Human of Singapore (HoS) telahmenjadi subjek untuk penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menganalisis enam pos yang diambil dari akun Instagram Humans of Singapore sebagai data penelitian. Analisis kontekstual digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi sudut pandang yang berbeda dari enampos berdasarkan pada dua kategori tentang bagaimana orang-orang yang ditampilkan berdasarkan pengalaman mereka yang tertuang dalam akun HoS Instagram atau berpikir tentang menyeberang atau menghilangkan prasangka stereotip etnis danbagaimana orang-orang Singapura (Singaporeans) dewasa ini bereaksi terhadap kebijakan pemerintah mengenai kebijakan nasional identitas sementara juga mengeksplorasi rasa memiliki sebagai termasuk dalam bagian komunitas orang-orangSingapura (Singaporeans). Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi orangSingapura saat ini adalah: (1) memadukan budaya dan menekankan rasa memiliki diantara berbagai etnis di Singapura untuk melawan stereotip etnis, (2) menentang ataumenegosiasikan kebijakan pemerintah, dengan menceritakan rasa kepemilikan dengan Singapura dengan sebutan orang Singapura atau Singaporeans sebagai identitas bangsa dan negara Singapura.

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Singapore has always left a space for researchers to dive more into multiracialism. The significance of multiculturalism has made multiculturalism itself the bedrock of government rules and policy for defining what it is to be a Singaporean. However, the

representation of multiracialism in Singaporeans identity through social media in cultural studies is still less explored, especially in the realm of Instagram. This study

examines the representation of Singaporean identity through the perspective of multiracialism in cultural studies. The Instagram account Humans of Singapore has

become the subject for this research. This research analyzes six posts taken from the Humans of Singapore Instagram account for data. Contextual analysis was used to

explore different viewpoints of the six posts based on the two categories on how the people that is featured in HoS Instagram account experience or thinks on crossing or

debunking ethnic stereotypes and how the people of todays Singapore react to

government policy concerning national identity while also exploring the sense of

belonging in the Singaporean community. This paper shows that the representation of

todays Singaporeans are: (1) blending culture and emphasizing the sense of

belonging between different ethnicities in Singapore to counter ethnic stereotypes, (2)

resisting or negotiating government policy, by narrating the sense of belonging to

Singapore as a nation and Singaporeans identity."

"Artikel ini membahas tentang upaya dari sineas film nasional untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari film yang tayang di bioskop Jakarta pada tahun 1950 hingga 1965. Film Indonesia pada tahun 1950 memiliki permasalahan terhadap rendahnya kualitas film nasional yang ditayangkan. Rendahnya kualitas film nasional dilatar belakangi oleh peralatan produksi yang masih sederhana, kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang berpengalaman dalam film, kurangnya promosi terhadap film dan kurangnya kerjasama antara sineas serta pemerintah untuk membangun citra film nasional. Contoh permasalahan terhadap kualitas film adalah sinematografi dan alur cerita yang kurang baik. Rendahnya kualitas film Indonesia mendorong terjadinya dominasi terhadap film-film impor di bioskop besar Jakarta dan menarik minat penonton terhadap film impor seperti film Hollywood, India dan Cina yang tayang di bioskop kelas I dan II. Merasa berada di posisi yang sulit karena film nasional berada di bioskop kelas II dan III dengan target pasaran yang masih rendah, beberapa sineas Indonesia mulai berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas film yang mereka produksi. Upaya tersebut berupa revitalisasi terhadap produksi, promosi dan penayangan film, membangun kerjasama antar sineas dalam menyelenggarakan acara apresiasi Festival Film Indonesia. Upaya tersebut kemudian berhasil membawa dampak yang cukup besar, seperti masuknya film Lewat Djam Malam, Harimau Tjampa dan Tarmina kedalam Festival Film Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini disusun menggunakan metode sejarah, dengan pengumpulan data berupa arsip, surat kabar sezaman, buku dan jurnal artikel, yang diperoleh melalui Sinematek Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional dan melalui arsip online.

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This article discusses the efforts of the national film sineas to intensify the quality of films shown in Jakarta cinemas from 1950 to 1965. The Indonesian movie in 1950 had problems with the low quality of national movies being screened. The low quality of national movies is caused by simple production equipment, lack of experienced human resources in film, lack of promotion of films and lack of cooperation between filmmakers and the government to build a national movies image. Examples of problems with movie quality are poor cinematography and storylines. The low quality of Indonesian movies encourages the dominance of imported movies in big cinemas of Jakarta and attracts audiences' interest in imported movies such as Hollywood, Indian and Chinese movies that are shown in class I and II cinemas. Feels that they are in a difficult position because national movies are in class II and III cinemas with a low target market, several Indonesian filmmakers have begun to try to improve the quality of the movies they produce. These efforts are in the form of revitalizing movies production, promotion, screening and building cooperation between filmmakers in organizing the Indonesian Film Festival appreciation event. These efforts then succeeded in having a considerable impact, such as the inclusion of the movies Through Djam Malam, Harimau Tjampa and Tarmina into the Southeast Asian Film Festival. This article was compiled using the historical method, with data collection in the form of archives, contemporary newspapers, books and journal articles, which were obtained through Sinematek Indonesia, the National Library and online archives."