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"Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Insang dan Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Sapu-sapu Pterygoplichtys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), Air, dan Sedimen di Ciliwung Daerah Tanjung Barat dan Daerah MT Haryono, Jakarta Selatan

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Abundance Analysis of Microplastic in Gills dan Digestive Tract of Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), Water, and Sediment in Tanjung Barat Area and MT Haryono Area, Ciliwung, South Jakarta"

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Abstrak

 

Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu ikan yang dapat dijumpai di Ciliwung dan mampu bertahan dari pencemaran pada perairan sehingga kerap dijadikan indikator biologis untuk  perairan tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan bentuk mikroplastik pada ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), air, dan sedimen di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan jaring sebanyak 4 kali dan diambil 10 ekor. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 5 titik. Insang dan saluran pencernaan di ekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan HNO₃ 65%. Sampel air sebanyak 20 liter disaring dengan plankton net. Sampel sedimen diambil kemudian sampel dikeringkan di oven. Larutan NaCl jenuh ditambahkan untuk pengapungan mikroplastik pada tiap sampel insang, lambung, usus, air tersaring, dan sedimen kering. Sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati bentuk dan jumlah mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik pada Insang adalah 5.973 ± 1.087,85 partikel ind^-1, 5.250 ± 313,22 partikel ind^-1 pada lambung, 5.089 ± 253,79 partikel ind^-1 pada usus,  223,6 ± 46,12 partikel L^-1 pada air, dan 336.320 ± 38.087,68 partikel kg^-1 pada sedimen. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar pada insang, lambung, usus, dan sedimen adalah fragmen. Untuk sampel air, persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar adalah film.

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Abstract

 

Cattle fish is one of the fish that can be found in Ciliwung and is able tostand with pollution in the waters so it is often used as a biological indicator for polluted waters. This study aims to analyzed the abundance and shape of microplastics in the cattle fish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), water and sediments in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. Fish samples were taken with a net 4 times and 10 were taken. Water and sediment samples were taken at 5 points. Gills and digestive tract were extracted and crushed using 65% HNO3. A 20 liter water sample was filtered with a plankton net. The sediment sample was taken and then the sample was dried in an oven. A saturated NaCl solution was added for microplastic flotation on each sample of gills, stomach, intestines, filtered water, and dry sediment. The sample was placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then the shape and number of microplastics were observed under a microscope. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in gills was 5,973 ± 1087.85 ind-1 particles, 5,250 ± 313.22 ind-1 particles in the stomach, 5.089 ± 253.79 ind-1 particles in the intestine, 223.6 ± 46 , 12 particles of L-1 in water, and 336,320 ± 38,087.68 particles of kg-1 in sediment. The largest percentage of microplastic form compositions in gills, stomach, intestines, and sediments are fragments. For water samples, the largest percentage composition of the microplastic form is film.

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"Keberadaan mikroplastik di perairan dapat mengancam biota di dalamnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk, dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis dari Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni, Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada inlet, midlet, dan outlet kedua situ. Sampel air disaring menggunakan plankton net, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan oven, sampel P. pardalis sebanyak 15 individu diambil menggunakan cast net dari masing-masing situ, kemudian insang dan saluran pencernaannya diisolasi dan didestruksi menggunakan HNO3 65%. Tiap sampel yang diperoleh dilarutkan dengan larutan NaCl jenuh agar terjadi flotasi. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan Sedgwick Rafter Chamber untuk meletakkan sampel, dengan mengamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah partikel mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk fiber, film, fragmen, granula, serta warna transparan, hitam, biru, dan merah muda ditemukan pada semua sampel. Kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga pada air sebanyak 48,26 ± 23,51 partikel L-1, sedimen 45837,04 ± 36305,97 partikel Kg-1, insang 290,48 ± 154,58 partikel g-1 atau 1156,44 ± 378,69 partikel ind-1, saluran pencernaan 134,37 ± 55,72 partikel g-1 atau 1364,89 ± 339,54 partikel ind-1. Kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Mahoni pada air sebanyak 48,63 ± 30,21 partikel L-1, sedimen 36237,04 ± 16702,60 partikel Kg-1, insang 287,23 ± 109,40 partikel g-1 atau 1153,78 ± 324,32 partikel ind-1, saluran pencernaan 123,77 ± 34,35 partikel g-1 atau 1304,44 ± 270,90 partikel ind-1. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni pada semua sampel.

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The presence of microplastics in the water could threaten the biota there. This study was conducted to analyze the abundance, shapes, and colors of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni, Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. Sampling of water and sediment were carried out at the inlet, midlet, and outlet of both situ. Water samples were filtered using plankton net, sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried using an oven, as many as 15 individual P. pardalis samples were taken using cast net from each situ, then their gills and digestive tract were isolated and pulverized using 65% HNO3. Each sample obtained was dissolved with saturated NaCl solution for flotation to occur. Observations were made using a light microscope and Sedgwick Rafter Chamber to place each sample, by observing the shape, color, and number of microplastic particles. The results showed that the shapes of fibers, films, fragments, granules, as well as transparent, black, blue, and pink colors were found in all samples. The abundance of microplastics in Situ Kenanga water was 48.26 ± 23.51 particles L-1, sediment 45837.04 ± 36305.97 particles Kg-1, gills 290.48 ± 154.58 particles g-1 or 1156, 44 ± 378.69 ind-1 particles, digestive tract 134.37 ± 55.72 particles g-1 or 1364.89 ± 339.54 ind-1 particles. The abundance of microplastics in Situ Mahoni water was 48.63 ± 30.21 particles L-1, sediment 36237.04 ± 16702.60 particles Kg-1, gills 287.23 ± 109.40 particles g-1 or 1153, 78 ± 324.32 ind-1 particles, digestive tract 123.77 ± 34.35 particles g-1 or 1304.44 ± 270.90 ind-1 particles. There was no significant difference between the abundance of microplastics in Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni in all samples."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya polusi plastik yang menyebabkan pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan air tawar. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok merupakan salah satu situ yang tercemar oleh mikroplastik akibat aktivitas manusia di sekitarnya. Mikroplastik dapat berdampak negatif bagi organisme akuatik seperti ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis yang merupakan spesies invasif dan bioindikator pencemaran mikroplastik di situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar serta menguji perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2022 dengan 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun. Parameter fisika-kimia air seperti suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan kecerahan air diukur secara in situ. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net dan sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab dan dikeringkan dengan oven, lalu ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sampel ikan sapu-sapu diambil sebanyak 15 ekor dengan menggunakan jaring ikan. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan dipisahkan dengan menggunakan dissecting set dan dilarutkan dengan HNO3 kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Perhitungan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan di bawah mikroskop dan sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Mikroplastik dianalisis kelimpahannya dan diklasifikasikan menurut bentuknya (pellet, fiber, film, dan fragmen) serta dihitung persentase komposisi mikroplastik dalam sampel. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 12,67 – 20,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 14.400,00-38.400,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 250,67-386,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 313,33-369,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada tahun 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 14,67-32,00 partikel L-1 pada air, 16.533,33-41.600,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 333,33-446,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 429,33-502,67 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fiber pada air dan ikan sapu-sapu, fragmen pada sedimen. Warna mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah biru pada air dan sedimen, hitam pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2023 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2022, dengan peningkatan sebesar 15,24% pada insang, 24,25% pada saluran pencernaan, 27,91% pada air, dan 7,12% pada sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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This research was motivated by the increasing plastic pollution that causes microplastic contamination in freshwater bodies. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok is one of the lakes that is polluted by microplastics due to human activities around it. Microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms such as Amazon Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis which is an invasive species and a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the lake. This research aims to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar and to test the difference in microplastic abundance between 2022 and 2023. This research uses descriptive quantitative method to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar. Sampling was done at three stations. Physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity were measured in situ. Water samples of 20 L were filtered using plankton net and sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried with oven, then added with saturated NaCl solution. Sailfin catfish samples were taken as many as 15 individuals using fish net. Gill and digestive tract samples were separated using dissecting set and dissolved with HNO3 then added with saturated NaCl solution. Microplastic particle counting was done under microscope and samples were placed on Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Microplastics were analyzed for their abundance and classified according to their shape (pellet, fiber, film, and fragment) and the percentage composition of microplastics in the sample was calculated. The results of the research in 2022 showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 12.67-20.33 particles L-1 in water, 14,400.00-38,400.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 250.67-386.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 313.33-369.33 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The abundance of microplastics was lower than its abundance in 2023, which ranged from 14.67-32.00 particles L-1 in water, 16,533.33-41,600.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 333.33-446.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 429.33-502.67 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The most dominant shape of microplastics was fiber in water and sailfin catfish, fragment in sediment and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The most dominant color of microplastics was blue in water and sediment, black in gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The abundance of microplastics increased from 2022 to 2023, with an increase of 15.24% in gills, 24.25% in digestive tract, 27.91% in water, and 7.12% in sediment. This research shows an increase in the number of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time supported by several factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

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Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang terdegradasi di lingkungan dengan ukuran < 5 mm. Kandungan mikroplastik di perairan tawar berpotensi membahayakan kelangsungan hidup biota di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus,1758) di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Insang dan saluran pencernaan (lambung dan usus) dari 10 sampel ikan nila diekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO₃) 65%. Sampel yang telah diekstraksi kemudian diberi larutan NaCl jenuh agar mikroplastik mengapung ke permukaan. Sampel diteteskan sebanyak 1 ml pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop dan dihitung jumlah mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk partikelnya. Hasil penelitian terdapat kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel insang, lambung, dan usus ikan nila diantaranya bentuk fiber, film, fragmen, dan granula. Total kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik di insang sebanyak 4.135 ± 3.297,20 partikel/ind, di lambung sebanyak 2.772 ± 1.030,43 partikel/ind, dan di usus sebanyak 3.598 ± 1.582,18 partikel/ind ditemukan pada ikan nila. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan dominan pada ikan nila terdapat bentuk fiber sebesar 57,85% di insang; 53,21% di lambung dan 53,06% di usus.

 

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Microplastics are plastic particles that degrade in the environment with a size of <5 mm. The content of microplastics in freshwater has the potential to endanger the survival of the biota in it. This study aims to analyze the abundance and percentage composition of microplastic forms in the gills and digestive tract of Nile Tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. The gills and digestive tract (stomach and intestines) of 10 samples of nile tilapia fish were extracted and crushed using a 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. The extracted sample is then given a saturated NaCl solution so that the microplastic floats to the surface. The sample was dropped as much as 1 ml into the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then observed under a microscope and the number of microplastics was calculated based on the shape of the particles. The results showed an abundance of microplastics in the samples of gill, stomach, and intestines of tilapia including the form of fiber, film, fragments, and granules. The total abundance of microplastics in the gills was 4.135 ± 3.297,20 particles / ind, 2.772 ± 1.030,43 particles / ind in the stomach, and 3.598 ± 1.582,18 particles / ind in the intestine, which was found in tilapia. The percentage composition of the microplastic form that was found predominantly in tilapia contained a fiber form of 57,85% in the gills; 53,21% in the stomach and 53,06% in the intestine.

 

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"Ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) ditemukan melimpah di perairan Situ Rawa Besar dengan ukuran yang bervariasi dengan kisaran 17,5 37 cm. Kebiasaan makanan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar memiliki tingkat kesamaan yang tinggi dengan ikan lokal yang potensial untuk dibudidayakan, namun pengelompokan ikan sapu-sapu berdasarkan makanannya belum dapat ditentukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji kebiasaan makanan, spektrum makanan, dan tingkat trofik ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kelimpahan ikan sapu-sapu di perairan. Pengambilan 30 sampel ikan sapu-sapu dilakukan secara acak dari perairan kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang, pembedahan, pengeluaran, serta pengamatan isi saluran pencernaan ikan untuk diidentifikasi komposisi makanannya. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 100 kali dengan pengulangan tiga kali pada tiap sampel. Data yang didapat diolah dengan menggunakan Index of Preponderance, perhitungan luas relung, dan tingkat trofik. Makanan utama yang dimanfaatkan oleh ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar yaitu Cyanophyta sebesar 98,98% dan sisanya berupa makanan tambahan diantaranya yaitu Bacillariophyta sebesar 0,38%, Chlorophyta sebesar 0,36%, Euglenophyta sebesar 0,23% dan Cryptophyta sebesar 0,05%. Berdasarkan luas relung makanannya ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar bersifat spesialis karena memiliki nilai luas relung rendah yaitu sebesar 0,005 yang menandakan ikan tersebut selektif dalam memilih makanannya. Berdasarkan tingkat trofik ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar termasuk pada kelompok I sebagai ikan herbivora dengan nilai tingkat trofik sebesar 2. Ditinjau dari spektrum makanannya ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar termasuk ke dalam kelompok ikan monofagik yang hanya mengkonsumsi satu jenis makanan saja yaitu fitoplankton dari kelompok Cyanophyta sebagai makanan utama sehingga memiliki kisaran makanan yang sempit.

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Sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) are found abundantly in Lake Rawa Besar with a size range of 17.5—37 cm. The food habits of the sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar have a high degree of similarity with local fish that have the potential to be cultivated, but the grouping of sailfin catfish based on their diet cannot be determined. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to examine the food habits, food spectrum, and trophic level of sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar as one of the factors causing the abundance of sailfin catfish in the waters. The collection of 30 samples of sailfin catfish were carried out randomly from the waters and then the length measurement, dissection, ejection, and observation of the contents of sailfin catfish’s digestive tracts of the fish were carried out to identify the composition of the food. Observations were made using a light microscope with a magnification of 100 times with three repetitions for each sample. The data obtained is processed using the Index of Preponderance, the calculation of niche area and trophic level. The main food utilized by the sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is Cyanophyta  98.98% and the rest are in the form of additional foods including Bacillariophyta 0.38%, Chlorophyta 0.36%, Euglenophyta 0.23% and Cryptophyta 0.05%. Based on the breadth of the food niche, sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is specialist because it has a low niche area value of 0.005 which indicates that the fish is selective in choosing its food. Based on the trophic level of sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is included in group I as a herbivorous fish with a trophic level value of 2. In terms of its food spectrum, sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is included in the monophagic fish group that only consumes one type of food which is phytoplankton from Cyanophyta group as main food, so it has a narrow food range. "

"Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) pada Setu Babakan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis presentase kelimpahan bentuk mikroplastik pada insang, lambung, dan usus ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) yang diperoleh dari Setu Babakan, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan di Setu Babakan dan Laboratorium Biologi Laut, Departemen Biologi FMIPA Universitas Indonesia. Sampel ikan Nila yang diteliti sebanyak 18 ekor dengan panjang berkisar 13-20 cm. Sampel diisolasi untuk kemudian dilakukan metode destruksi dengan menggunakan larutan HNO3 65% sehingga dapat dilakukan proses analisis kelimpahan dan bentuk mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat total kelimpahan rata-rata pada sampel air permukaan sebesar 308,00 ± 128,29 partikel/liter; insang sebesar 7.820 ± 1.847 partikel/individu; pada sampel lambung sebesar 2.588,11 ± 751,33 partikel/individu; dan pada sampel usus sebesar 5.178,16 ± 2.098,55 partikel/individu. Total kelimpahan mikroplastik terbesar terdapat pada sampel insang dan terendah pada sampel lambung. Hasil uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan presentase bentuk mikroplastik (fiber, film, fragmen dan granula) yang signifikan pada sampel insang, lambung dan usus ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus,1758) di Setu Babakan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan

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Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Setu Babakan Jagakarsa, South Jakarta is widely consumed by the local communities. This study analyzed percentage abudance of microplastics form in the gills, stomach, and intestinal of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Setu Babakan Jagakarsa, South Jakarta. This study was conducted at Setu Babakan and Marine Biology Laboratory, Departement of Biology FMIPA UI, Depok. The samples of Nile Tilapia studied were 18 individuals with the same relative length between 13-20 cm. The sample were isolated in order to do the destruction methods with HNO3 65%, then analysis of abundance and shape of microplastics can be done. The results show that the average total abudance in the gills sample was 7.820 ± 1.847 particles/individual; in the stomach was 2.588,11 ± 751,33 particles/individual; and in the intenstine was 5.178,16 ± 2.098,55 particles/individuals. The highest total abudance of microplastics was found in the gills and the lowest in the stomach samples. The results from Kruskal-Wallis statistical test shows there was no significant difference in the percentage of microplastics form (fiber, film, fragment, and granules) in the gills, stomach, and intestinal samples of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus,1758) in Setu Babakan, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta."

"Mikroplastik yang mencemari perairan tawar dapat mengganggu keberlangsungan hidup biota di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk, warna, dan kelimpahan mikroplastik yang terkandung pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan ikan red devil Amphilophus labiatus di Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat. Sampel air dan sedimen di ambil pada 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel dari kedua situ. Sampel ikan red devil diperoleh 15 ekor pada masing – masing situ. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO3) 65%. Sampel air diambil 20 L dan disaring menggunakan plankton net. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan dalam oven sebanyak 25 gram. Larutan NaCl jenuh digunakan untuk memisahkan mikroplastik dengan pengotor. Sebanyak 1 mL sample diteteskan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati dan dihitung berdasarkan bentuk mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik bentuk fiber, fragmen, film, granula terdapat pada seluruh sampel dengan warna yang beragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total kelimpahan rata – rata mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga sebanyak 434,33 ± 23,51 partikel L-1 pada air, 45.837,04 ± 36.305,97 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 268,33 ± 119,18 partikel gr-1 dan 1266,2 ± 349,72 partikel ind-1 pada insang, 287,79 ± 185,22 partikel gr-1 dan 978,22 ± 336,38 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Pada Situ Mahoni sebesar 437,67 ± 30,21 partikel L-1 pada air, 36.237,04 ± 16.702,59 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 429,18 ± 187,50 partikel gr-1 dan 1233,8 ± 253,60 partikel ind-1 pada insang, 318,04 ± 114,94 partikel gr-1 dan 1053,78 ± 328,44 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan.

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Microplastics that contaminate freshwater can disrupt the survival of the biota in it. This study aims to analyze the shape, color, and abundance of microplastics contained in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tract of red devil fish Amphilophus labiatus in Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Water and sediment samples were taken at 3 sampling stations from the two Situ. Samples of red devil fish were obtained 15 tails in each Situ. Samples of gills and digestive tract were destroyed using 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. Water samples were taken 20 L and filtered using a plankton net. Sediment samples were dried in an oven as much as 25 grams. Saturated NaCl solution was used to separate microplastics with impurities. A total of 1 mL of the sample was dropped into the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then observed and calculated based on the shape of the microplastic under a microscope. The results showed an abundance of microplastics in the form of fibers, fragments, films, and granules in all samples with various colors. The results showed the total average abundance of microplastics in Situ Kenanga was 434,33 ± 23,51 L-1 particles in water, 45.837,04 ± 36.305,97 particles kg-1 in sediments, 268.33 ± 119.18 particles gr-1 and 1266.2 ± 349.72 particles ind-1 in the gills, 287.79 ± 185.22 particles gr-1 and 978.22 ± 336.38 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. At Situ Mahoni there are 437,67 ± 30,21 particles L-1 in water, 36.237,04 ± 16.702,59 particles kg-1 in sediments, 429.18 ± 187.50 particles gr-1 and 1233.8 ± 253.60 particles ind-1 on the gills, 318.04 ± 114.94 particles gr-1 and 1053.78 ± 328.44 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract.

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"Pencemaran mikroplastik menjadi ancaman bagi kehidupan biota. Mikroplastik yang terakumulasi dalam saluran pencernaan biota dapat menghambat pertumbuhan, mempengaruhi reproduksi, dan kerusakan organ internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan  bentuk mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus di Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Sampel air dan sedimen di ambil pada 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel dari situ. Sampel Ikan Nila diambil 5 ekor masing-masing pada 3 stasiun. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO3) 65%. Sampel air diambil 20 L dan disaring menggunakan plankton net. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan dalam oven sebanyak 25 gram. Larutan NaCl jenuh digunakan untuk memisahkan mikroplastik dengan pengotor. Sebanyak 1 mL sampel diteteskan pada Sedgewick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati dan dihitung berdasarkan bentuk mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian pada Juli 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 15,00-23,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 20.330,00-45.330,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 182,67-593,33 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 596,00-701,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada September 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 24,33-34,67 partikel L-1 pada air, 31.000,00-65.670,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 317,33-744,00 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 844,00-1.120,00 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fragmen pada air, Ikan Nila, dan sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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Microplastic pollution poses a threat to the life of aquatic organisms. Accumulated microplastics in the digestive tracts of these organisms can hinder growth, affect reproduction, and cause internal organ damage. This research aims to determine the abundance and forms of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tracts of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Water and sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations in the lake. Five Nile Tilapia samples were taken from each station. Gill and digestive tract samples were digested using 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. Twenty liters of water were collected and filtered using a plankton net. Sediment samples were dried in an oven, with 25 grams used for analysis. A saturated NaCl solution was employed to separate microplastics from impurities. One milliliter of the sample was dropped onto a Sedgewick Rafter Chamber, then observed and counted based on microplastic forms under a microscope. The research results in July 2022 indicated that microplastic abundance ranged from 15.00 to 23.33 particles L-1 in water, 20,330.00 to 45,330.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 182.67 to 593.33 particles ind-1 in gills, and 596.00 to 701.33 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. These abundances were lower than those in September 2023, ranging from 24.33 to 34.67 particles L-1 in water, 31,000.00 to 65,670.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 317.33 to 744.00 particles ind-1 in gills, and 844.00 to 1,120.00 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. The most dominant form of microplastics was fragments in water, Nile Tilapia, and sediment. This research indicates an increase in the quantity of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time, supported by factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"Situ Kenanga merupakan salah satu jenis perairan berbentuk situ atau ekosistem lahan basah lentik yang mendapat campur tangan manusia. Salah satu situ bernama Situ Kenanga, terdapat di lingkungan Universitas Indonesia. Perairan ini diisi banyak ikan, termasuk ikan sapu-sapu. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan karyawan pembersih situ, ikan ini tidak disukai oleh karyawan pembersih situ karena merusak dasar danau yang menyebabkan erosi. Selain itu, bangkai sapu-sapu menimbulkan bau tidak sedap yang mencapai Masjid UI. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. pengamatan lingkungan adalah sebagai berikut: cuaca hujan; rata-rata suhu udara 30℃; rata-rata suhu air 30,63℃ di inlet dan 30,27℃ di outlet; rata-rata kecerahan inlet 15,5 cm dan outlet 15 cm; rata-rata turbiditas inlet 52,77 NTU dan outlet 54,97 NTU; Rata-rata DO inlet 6,62 mg/L dan oulet 11,12 mg/L; Rata-rata pH inlet 8,75 dan outlet 9,48; Rata-rata kedalaman air pada inlet 31,17 dan outlet 20,83. Sampel ikan yang didapat berjumlah 75 ekor dengan yang memiliki gonad matang berjumlah 47 ekor. Rasio gonad antara betina dengan jantan , yaitu 1,94 : 1. Hasil tangkapan betina (31 ekor) dan jantan (16 ekor). Sebagian besar TKG III dan IV, yang berarti masa pemijahan. Hasil dari menunjukkan bahwa situ ini mampu memenuhi kehidupan ikan sapu-sapu.

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Lake Kenanga is a type of water body known as a lake or lentic wetland ecosystem that has undergone human intervention. One of the lake, called Situ Kenanga, is located within the University of Indonesia. This water body is filled with fishes, including the sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis). According to interviews with the cleaning staff of the lake, the fish disliked because it damages the bottom of the, which leads to erosion. Furthermore, the carcasses of these fish emit an unpleasant odor that reaches the UI Mosque. The method used in this study is qualitative. Environmental observation: rainy weather; average was 30℃; the average water temperature was 30.63℃ at the inlet and 30.27℃ at the outlet; the average clarity was 15.5 cm inlet and 15 cm outlet; the average turbidity was 52.77 NTU at the inlet and 54.97 NTU at the outlet; the average dissolved oxygen (DO) was 6.62 mg/L inlet and 11.12 mg/L outlet; the average pH was 8.75 inlet and 9.48 outlet; the average depth was 31.17 cm inlet and 20.83 cm outlet. We collected 75 samples of fish, with 47 of them having mature gonads. The gonad ratio between females and males was 1.94 : 1, females (31 fish), males (16 fish). Maost of the fishes were in gonadal maturity stages III and IV, indicating the spawning period during sampling."