Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Osteoporosis adalah penyakit tulang yang ditandai dengan rendahnya massa tulang yang menyebabkan peningkatan risiko patah tulang. Pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa aspirin dapat mengurangi kadar S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate) sehingga resorpsi tulang akibat osteoklas dapat menurun. Kombinasi aspirin dan kalsium digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap jumlah sel osteoklas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok yaitu kelompok sham dan kontrol negatif yang diberikan CMC Na 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan tamoksifen 3,6 mg/200 gBB/hari, kelompok aspirin yang diberikan aspirin 5,4 mg/200gBB/hari, kelompok kalsium yang diberikan kalsium 15 mg/200 g BB/hari, serta kelompok kombinasi aspirin dan kalsium dengan masing-masing dosisnya yaitu D1 aspirin 1,8 mg/200 g BB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari; D2 aspirin 5,4 mg/200gBB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari; dan D3 aspirin 16,2 mg/200gBB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari secara peroral. Sebelum pemberian obat, semua tikus dibedah ovariektomi kecuali kelompok sham dan kontrol negatif yang dibedah sham. Setelah pembedahan, tikus dipelihara selama 28 hari kemudian diberikan obat. Parameter yang diukur adalah berat tulang tibia dan jumlah sel osteoklas yang dilihat secara histopatologi dengan pewarnaan HE (Hematoksilin-Eosin). Berat tulang tibia kelompok sham 321,90±10,39mg, kontrol negatif 272,30±54,18mg, kontrol positif 312,50±40,86mg, aspirin 336,67±29,57mg, kalsium 335,90±60,66mg, D1 346,27±83,91mg, D2 377,00±4,51mg, D3 366,67±48,52mg. Jumlah sel osteoklas kelompok sham 7,8±0,4sel/lapang pandang, kontrol negatif 9,13±1,10sel/lapang pandang, kontrol positif 8,13±1,67sel/lapang pandang, aspirin 7,53±1,52sel/lapang pandang, kalsium 7,67±0,64sel/lapang pandang, D1 7,47±0,31sel/lapang pandang, D2 5,33±0,99sel/lapang pandang, D3 7,67±0,31sel/lapang pandang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa aspirin dan kalsium dapat meningkatkan berat tulang dan menurunkan jumlah sel osteoklas.

---

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mass which causes an increased risk of fracture. Previous study have shown that aspirin can reduce S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate) levels so that bone resorption due to osteoclasts can decrease. The combination of aspirin and calcium was used in this study to see its effect on the number of osteoclasts. This study was conducted on female white Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into 8 groups, sham, negative control groups were given 0.5% CMC Na, positive control group was given tamoxifen 3.6 mg/200gBW/day, aspirin group was given 5.4 mg/200gBW/day, calcium group was given calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, and the aspirin and calcium combination group with each dose of D1 aspirin 1.8 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, D2 aspirin 5.4 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, and D3 aspirin 16.2 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day orally. All rats were ovariectomized except for the normal group and the negative control group which underwent sham surgery. The rats were kept for 28 days and then given the drug. The parameters measured were the weight of the tibia bone and the number of osteoclasts seen histopathologically with HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) staining. Weight of tibia bone are 321.90±10.39mg for sham, 272.30±54.18mg for negative control, 312.50±40.86mg for positive control, 336.67±29.57mg for aspirin, 335.90±60.66mg for calcium, 346.27±83.91mg for D1, 377.00±4.51mg for D2, 366.67±48.52mg for D3. The number of osteoclasts in cells/field of view are 7.8±0.4 for sham, 9.13±1.10 for negative control, 8.13±1.67 for positive control, 7.53±1.52 for aspirin, 7.67±0.64 for calcium, 7.47±0.31 for D1, 5.33±0.99 for D2, 7.67±0.31 for D3. The result is the combination of aspirin and calcium can increase bone weight and decrease the number of osteoclasts.

"

"Osteoporosis adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan massa tulang yang parah sehingga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya retak atau patah tulang. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian aspirin dosis tinggi (300 mg) terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) dalam plasma. Kadar rendah S1P dalam darah dapat mengaktifkan S1PR1 yang dapat mengarahkan prekursor osteoklas kembali ke darah sehingga proses osteoklastogenesis dapat terhambat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian aspirin dengan kombinasi kalsium secara in vivo. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok, yaitu sham dan kontrol negatif yang diberikan 1ml CMC Na 0,5%, kontrol positif diberikan tamoksifen sitrat 3,6 mg/200 g BB/hari, kelompok aspirin diberikan aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari, kelompok kalsium diberikan kalsium sitrat 15 mg/200 g BB/hari, serta 3 kelompok variasi dosis aspirin dalam kombinasi dengan kalsium sitrat yaitu D1 aspirin 1,8 mg/200 g BB/hari, D2 aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari, D3 aspirin 16,2 mg/200 g BB/hari dimana ketiga variasi dosis tersebut dikombinasikan dengan dosis kalsium sitrat 15 mg/200 g BB/hari secara peroral. Semua tikus dilakukan ovariektomi, kecuali kelompok sham dilakukan pembedahan tanpa pengambilan ovarium. Tikus dipelihara 4 minggu pasca operasi, lalu diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari. Parameter pertama yang diukur adalah berat tulang tibia dengan rata-rata kelompok sham 321,90 ± 10,39 mg, kontrol negatif 272,300 ± 54,18 mg, kontrol positif 312,50 ± 40,86 mg, aspirin 336,67 mg, kalsium 335, 90 ± 60,66 mg, D1 346,27 ± 83,90 mg, D2 377,00 ± 36,10 mg, dan D3 336,67 ± 4,5 mg. Parameter kedua yang diukur adalah kadar kalsium dengan rata-rata kelompok kelompok sham 111,08 ± 4,74 mg, kontrol negatif 89,30 ± 23,94 mg, kontrol positif 109,69 ± 20,25 mg, aspirin 123,01 ± 17,98 mg, kalsium 124,53 ± 32,11 mg, D1 120,19 ± 3,63 mg, D2 149,22 ± 17,13 mg, dan D3 121,60 ± 5,21 mg. Berdasarkan penelitian, pengaruh pemberian dosis kombinasi aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari dan dosis kalsium 15 mg/200 g BB/hari pada tikus dapat meningkatkan berat dan kadar kalsium tulang tibia secara efektif.

---

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a severe decrease in bone mass that increases the risk of fractures. Previous studies have shown that high-dose aspirin (300 mg) has been shown to reduce plasma levels of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P). Low levels of S1P in the blood can activate S1PR1 which can direct osteoclast precursors back to the blood so that the process of osteoclastogenesis can be inhibited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aspirin and calcium combination in vivo. This study used female Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into 8 groups, namely sham and negative control which were given 1ml CMC Na 0.5%, positive control was given tamoxifen citrate 3.6 mg/200 g BW/day, aspirin group was given aspirin. 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day, the calcium group was given calcium citrate 15 mg/200 g BW/day, as well as 3 groups with variations in the dose of aspirin in combination with calcium citrate, namely D1 aspirin 1.8 mg/200 g BW/day, D2 aspirin 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day, D3 aspirin 16.2 mg/200 g BW/day where the three variations of the dose were combined with a dose of calcium citrate 15 mg/200 g BW/day. All rats were ovariectomized, except for the sham group which underwent surgery without removing the ovaries. After 4 weeks of ovariectomy, rats were treated for 28 days orally. The first parameter that was measured was the mass of the tibia bone with the average for bone mass in each group are 321.90 ± 10.39 mg for sham group, 272.300 ± 54.18 mg for negative control, 312.50 ± 40.86 mg for positive control, 336.67 mg for aspirin group, 335, 90 ± 60.66 mg for calcium group, 346.27 ± 83.90 mg for D1, 377.00 ± 36.10 mg for D2, and 336.67 ± 4.5 mg for D3. The second parameter measured was calcium levels with the average for calcium levels in each group are 111.08 ± 4.74 mg for sham group, 89.30 ± 23.94 mg for negative control, 109.69 ± 20.25 mg for positive control, 123.01 ± 17.98 mg for aspirin group, 124.53 ± 32.11 mg for calcium group, 120.19 ± 3.63 mg for D1, 149.22 ± 17.13 mg for D2, and 121.60 ± 5.21 mg for D3. Based on the research, the effect of a combination dose of aspirin 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day and calcium dose 15 mg/200 g BW/day in rats can increase the weight and calcium levels of the tibia bone effectively."

"[ABSTRAKOsteoporosis pada wanita menopause terjadi karena menurunnya hormon estrogen, pada kondisi ini dikaitkan dengan peningkatan resorpsi tulang oleh osteoklas serta penurunan kadar kalsium tulang. Kulit buah delima diketahui mengandung asam elagat yang diduga berpotensi sebagai selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) alami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat potensi yang terkandung dalam fraksi air dari ekstrak metanol kulit buah delima dalam menurunkan aktivitas osteoklas dan meningkatkan kadar kalsium tulang. Metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi bertingkat yang dimulai dari pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat kemudian air. Studi eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap in vivo pada tikus betina (Sprague-Dawley) sebanyak 42 tikus yang dibagi secara acak kedalam 7 kelompok terdiri dari: sham; OVX; ES (OVX+estradiol 0,1 mg/kg BB, p.o); TAM (OVX+tamoxifen 10 mg/kg BB, p.o); PI (OVX+fraksi air kulit buah delima 50 mg/kg BB, p.o); PII (OVX+ fraksi air kulit buah delima 100 mg/kg BB, p.o); PIII (OVX+ fraksi air kulit buah delima 200 mg/kg BB, p.o). Perlakuan dilakukan setiap hari selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok OVX, kelompok PIII (2,55 ± 0,70) memiliki jumlah sel osteoklas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan OVX (10,45 ± 1,55), sedangkan pada kadar kalsium tulang pemberian dosis 200 mg/kg BB pada kelompok PIII juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 2005,96 ± 404,91 bila dibandingkan dengan OVX yang memiliki kadar kalsium tulang sebesar 1277,69 ± 322,59. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah pemberian fraksi air kulit buah delima pada dosis 200 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan jumlah sel osteoklas dan meningkatkan kadar kalsium tulang pada pada tikus yang diovariektomi.

---

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num;Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num, Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num]"

"Defisiensi estrogen pada wanita post-menopausal berakibat pada menurunnya massa tulang seperti yang terlihat pada penderita osteoporosis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan pengganti estrogen sebagai terapi osteoporosis post-menopausal. Melalui penelitian ini diteliti efektifitas pegagan sebagai bahan pengganti estrogen. Terapi dengan pegagan berbagai konsentrasi pada tikus yang telah diovariektomi menunjukkan hasil peningkatan jumlah osteosit, diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah osteoklas namun tidak ada peningkatan jumlah osteoblas yang bermakna.

---

Estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women results in reduced bone quality as seen in osteoporotic patients. Thus, an alternative estrogen source is needed as post-menopausal osteoporosis therapy. In this research, the efectivity of Centella as phytoestrogens is examined. Therapy with Centella in different concentrations in ovariectomized rats shows increased number of osteocytes, followed by decreased number of osteoclasts but no significant increase of osteoblasts."

"Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) mengandung fitoestrogen berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan preventif dan alternatif osteoporosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian sari kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) terhadap densitas tulang dengan mengukur kadar kalsium femur menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dan jumlah osteoklas dari preparat histologi yang dibuat dari bagian tibia tikus yang diovariektomi.Metode ovariektomi digunakan untuk mewakili kondisi osteoporosis yang dilakukan pada 36 tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley yang terbagi ke dalam 7 kelompok. Kelompok 1 (K1) yaitu kelompok Sham adalah kontrol tikus dengan pembedahan tanpa ovariektomi dan akuades, kelompok 2 (K2) yaitu kontrol negatif tikus ovariektomi dan diberi akuades, kelompok 3 (K3) adalah kontrol tikus ovariektomi yang diberi Estradiol, kelompok 4 (K4) adalah kontrol tikus ovariektomi yang diberi vit E, kelompok K5, K6, dan K7 adalah kelompok tikus yang diberikan sari kacang hijau 50 g/100 ml dengan variasi volume 5 ml/200 gBB, 2,5 ml/200 gBB, dan 1,25 ml/200 gBB tikus. Terhadap 6 kelompok kecuali kelompok sham dilakukan ovariektomi pada hari ke-1 kemudian diistirahatkan selama 20 hari. Bahan uji diberikan satu kali sehari secara oral pada hari ke 21 sampai hari ke 50. Pengukuran kadar kalsium dilakukan pada hari ke 51.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sari kacang hijau tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar kalsium tulang dan jumlah osteoklas terhadap hewan perlakuan.

---

Greenbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) contained phytoestrogen suspected has a potential effect as an preventive and alternative treatment of osteoporosis. This study proposed to determine the effect of extracts of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) on bone density by measuring calcium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS) from femur and the number of osteoclasts collected from histological object which made from ovariectomized rat?s tibia.Ovariectomy method conducted to represent the osteoporosis condition on 36 female Sprague Dawley strain rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 notice as Sham was the rat control with surgery without ovariectomy and given with distilled water, group 2 as negative control is given distilled water and ovariectomized rat control, group 3 rat positive control were ovariectomized and is given estradiol, group 4 as positive control 2 rat were ovariectomized given vitamine E. Group 5, 6, and 7 are given the greenbean milk from 50 g/100 ml green bean by volume variation 5 ml/200 gBW, 2.5 ml/200 gBW, and 1.25 ml /200 gBW. Six groups had ovariectomized except sham group and rested for 20 days. Greenbean milk was given orally once daily started from day 21th until day 50th. Calcium concentration and osteoclas measurements process taken on day 51th.The results of bone calcium levels and osteoclast number showed that greenbean milk did not give significant differences among ovariectomized rats."

"Penggantian kepala radius dengan prostesis logam umum digunakan untuk fraktur kepala radius yang tidak dapat diperbaiki, namun sebagian besar prostesis dirancang berdasarkan karakteristik anatomi populasi Barat. Studi ini mengevaluasi rerata parameter antropometri tulang kepala radius pada populasi Indonesia dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata dan menganalisis kesesuaiannya dengan prostesis komersial di Indonesia. Penelitian melibatkan 120 partisipan berusia 20–60 tahun dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata (pria ≤166 cm, wanita ≤154 cm). Pengukuran meliputi diameter kepala radius, ketebalan, serta diameter leher radius yang dievaluasi melalui gambaran radiografi. Rata-rata diameter kepala minimal dan maksimal adalah 20,49 ± 1,90 mm dan 21,20 ± 1,99 mm, dengan ketebalan rata-rata 10,88 ± 1,37 mm. Korelasi sedang ditemukan antara tinggi badan dan beberapa parameter seperti ketebalan kepala dan diameter leher radius. Rata-rata parameter pada wanita lebih kecil dari pria secara signifikan (p<0,05). Tinggi badan memiliki hubungan erat dengan parameter antropometri kepala radius, khususnya pada dimensi sumbu longitudinal tulang. Perbedaan signifikan antara pria dan wanita menunjukkan kebutuhan desain prostesis yang spesifik untuk populasi ini. Penggunaan prostesis impor yang dirancang berdasarkan populasi Barat pada masyarakat Indonesia dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata cenderung kurang sesuai, sehingga modifikasi desain yang sesuai dengan karakteristik anatomi populasi Indonesia diperlukan.

---

Radial head replacement with metal prostheses is commonly used for irreparable radial head fractures; however, most prostheses are designed based on Western anatomical characteristics. This study evaluates the average anthropometric parameters of the radial head in Indonesians with below-average height and examines their compatibility with available prostheses in Indonesia. The study involved 120 participants aged 20–60 years with below-average height (≤166 cm for men, ≤154 cm for women). Measurements included radial head diameter, thickness, and neck diameter, obtained through radiographic imaging. The average minimum and maximum radial head diameters were 20.49 ± 1.90 mm and 21.20 ± 1.99 mm, with an average thickness of 10.88 ± 1.37 mm. Moderate correlations were found between height and parameters like radial head thickness and neck diameter. Measurements for women were significantly smaller than those for men (p<0.05). Height had a close relationship with anthropometric parameters of the radial head, particularly along the longitudinal axis. The significant male-female differences emphasize the need for prosthetic designs suited to this population. Prostheses designed for Western populations are likely incompatible with Indonesians of below-average height, underscoring the need for modifications that align with the anatomical characteristics of the Indonesian population."

"Pada masa kehamilan, terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan janin dan perubahan fisiologis tubuh ibu. Kurangnya asupan gizi pada masa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi dan masalah kesehatan pada ibu dan janin. Kalsium merupakan salah satu mikronutrien yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kepadatan tulang ibu dan pertumbuhan tulang dan gigi bayi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium harian khususnya pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 62 yang merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian primer yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil trimester pertama di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Data asupan diperoleh dengan menggunakan food frequency questionnaire, sedangkan kadar kalsium darah diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data diolah melalui uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji Spearman dengan software SPSS versi 22 Mac OS X. Dari penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 93,5% subjek memiliki kadar kalsium normal dan sebagian besar (91,9%) subjek tidak mencapai angka kecukupan kalsium harian. Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium ibu hamil trimester pertama (p=0,803). Dibutuhkan penelitian yang lebih komprehensif terkait faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalsium darah ibu hamil trimester pertama.

---

During pregnancy, the needs for most nutrients are increased to meet the demands of growing fetal and physiologic changes of the mother. Nutrient deficiency in pregnancy causes malnutrition and several problems of maternal and fetal health. Calcium is needed for maintaining bone density of mother and fetal development of bone and teeth. This research helps to find out the correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake in first trimester pregnant women. This is a cross sectional research with 62 samples gathered from secondary data by the primary research done to pregnant women in several hospitals in Jakarta. The data of calcium intake is acquired from food frequency questionnaire, while blood calcium level is acquired from cilinical laboratory measurement by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The data is analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman’s test in SPSS for Mac OS X version 22 software. It is found that 93,5% of the subjects have normal blood calcium level, but 91,9 % of them do not meet the minimum requirement of daily calcium intake. There is no correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake (p=0.803). More comprehensive studies associated to other factors determining blood calcium level are needed."

"Latar belakang: Trauma dental yang paling sering terjadi seperti kehilangan tulang alveolar secara luas akibat penyakit patologis membutuhkan regenerasi tulang secara cepat, scaffold HAp-GEL dan potensi propolis dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan proliferasi dan mineralisasi sel osteoblas. Tinjauan pustaka ini memgemukakan dasar pemikiran mengenai hal tersebut dengan menggunakan Uji MTT Assay untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian scaffold Hidroksiapatit-Gelatin dan Propolis serta ppewarnaan Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) untuk mendeteksi proses mineralisasi sel. Tujuan: Untuk menetapkan pengaruh pajanan Scaffold Hidroksiapatit-Gelatin dan Propolis sebagai bone graft untuk mempercepat proses proliferasi dan mineralisasi pada sel osteoblast secara in vitro. Metode: Penyusunan literature review dilakukan sejak Desember 2020 dengan menelusuri literatur pada dua pangkalan data elektonik yaitu PubMed dan Scopus. Literatur harus memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi berupa artikel harus berbahasa inggris, diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir, dan tersedia dalam full – text (open access). Penentuan literatur inklusi menggunakan alir PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Hasil: Didapatkan empat jurnal yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Keempat jurnal tersebut menyatakan bahwa bahan HAp-Gelatin dan Propolis meningkatkan laju proliferasi dan deposisi kalisum dengan menggunakan uji MTT dan Pewarnaan ARS. Kesimpulan: Scaffold HAp-Gelatin dan Propolis bersifat tidak toksik, biocompatible, meningkatkan proliferasi dan mineralisasi pada sel osteoblas sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bone graft ketika dibutuhkannya regenerasi tulang secara cepat.

---

Background: Dental trauma such as loss of alveolar bone often happens due to pathological disease requires rapid bone regeneration. Hydroxiapatite-Gelatin scaffold and Propolis is stated able to increase the proliferation and mineralization rates of osteoblast cells. This research proposes a rationale theory about proliferation osteoblast cell using MTT Assay to determines the effect on proliferation osteoblast cell and using Alizarin Red Staining detects osteoblast mineralization process. Aim: To provides insight the effect of HAp-Gel-PL scaffold as bone graft on proliferation and mineralization osteoblast cell in vitro. Methods: This literature review is conducted on Desember 2020, by searching the literature on two electronic databases, PubMed and Scopus. The literature must qualify the inclusion criteria requirements in the form of literatures such us written in English, published in the last 10 years, and available in full-text (open access). Determination of the included literatures using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Results: There are four journals that match the inclusion criteria. All of them stated that hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold and propolis increased the rate of proliferation and mineral deposition in osteoblast cell using MTT Assay and ARS . Conclusion: Hydroxyapatit-Gelatin scaffold and Propolis are not-toxic, have good biocompatible, increase proliferation and mineralization in osteoblast cells. This ingredient is safe to be used as bone graft when rapid bone regenenation is needed.

"