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"Ketahanan pangan adalah salah satu aspek yang mendukung ketahanan nasional. Ketika individu atau rumah tangga tidak mampu memenuhi ketahanan pangannya maka terjadilah kerawanan pangan yang dapat menggangu stabilitas ekonomi dan nasional.  Tapin mengalami peningkatan penduduk miskin dan peningkatan rumah tidak layak huni di Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengukur kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tidak layak huni dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan. Pangan adalah kebutuhan mendasar yang harus selalu ada dan terus meningkat seiring dengan mengingkatnya jumlah penduduk. Analisis ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model rasch, metode regresi ordinal dan menggunakan variabel moderator dengan analisis data yang deskriptif untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada skala kerawanan pangan (FIES) serta faktor demografi dan kemiskinan multidimensi yaitu Jumlah Anggota Keluarga (X1), Jenis Pekerjaan (X2), Pendapatan (X3), Pendidikan (X4), Kesehatan (X5), Bantuan (X6), dan Jenis Kelamin (X7). Hasil penelitian ini adalah, pada tingkat kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tidak layak huni berdasarkan FIES, terdapat 57% kerawanan pangan ringan, kerawanan pangan sedang ada 23% dan rumah tangga dengan tingkat kerawanan pangan berat ada 20%.

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Food security is one aspect that supports national security. When individuals or households are unable to fulfill their food security, food insecurity occurs which can disrupt economic and national stability. Tapin has experienced an increase in the number of poor people and an increase in uninhabitable houses in South Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze and measure the food insecurity of uninhabitable households and the factors that influence it in Tapin District, South Kalimantan. Food is a basic need that must always be available and continues to increase along with the increasing population. This analysis uses a quantitative approach using the Rasch model, ordinal regression method and using moderator variables with descriptive data analysis to analyze research data. This research is based on the food insecurity scale (FIES) and multidimensional demographic and poverty factors, namely the number of family members (X1), type of work (X2), income (X3), education (X4), health (X5), assistance (X6), and Gender (X7). The results of this study are, at the level of food insecurity in uninhabitable households based on FIES, there are 57% light food insecurity, moderate food insecurity is 23% and households with severe food insecurity are 20%."

"Analisis kestabilan lereng dilakukan di salah satu tambang batubara terbesar di Indonesia yang terletak pada daerah Kalimantan Selatan. PT. Energi Batubara Lestari merupakan salah satu perusahaan tambang batubara yang melakukan kegiatan penambang serta memperhatikan keamanan dari melakukan kegiatan produksi batubara. Kestabilan lereng pada produksi batubara sangat penting dalam menjamin kelancaran dan keamanan produksi tambang batubara. Tanah longsor pada tambang batubara dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan juga eksternal yang dapat membuat tanah menjadi tidak stabil. Sebelum mengidentifikasi longsoran, diperlukan adanya penyelidikan analisis kestabilan lereng untuk mengetahui nilai keamanan lereng (SF) dan juga nilai kuat geser tanah pada saat terjadi longsor. Untuk menangani longsor diperlukan perkuatan strukturagar lebih efisien dengan perkuatan struktur tiang bor (bored pile)dan pasangan batu (stone masonry) pada kaki lereng. Analisis kestabilan lereng pada daerah Seam G ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai faktor keamanan dari kondisi aktual untuk dilakukan cutback pada lereng daerah Seam G. Analisis kestabilan lereng menggunakanmetode Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Geological Strength Index (GSI) serta mencari nilai faktor keamanan (FK) menggunakan software slide menggunakan metode spancer. Hasil analisis dinyatakan aman atau dapat dilakukan proses cutback dan kondisi lereng dinyatakan stabil, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk melakukan proses cutback lanjutan.

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Slope stability analysis was carried out in one of the largest coal mines in Indonesia which is located in the area of South Kalimantan. PT. Energi Batubara Lestari is a coal mining company that carries out mining activities and pays attention to the safety of carrying out coal production activities. Slopestability in coal production is very important in ensuring the smooth and safe production of coalmines. Landslides in coal mines can be influenced by internal and external factors that can make the soil unstable. Before identifying a landslide, it is necessary to investigate slope stability analysis todetermine the slope safety value (SF) and also the shear strength value of the soil when a landslideoccurs. To handle landslides, it is necessary to strengthen the structure to make it more efficient by strengthening the bored pile and stone masonry structures at the foot of the slope. Slope stabilityanalysis on the west side of Seam G area aims to determine the value of the factor of safety from theactual conditions for cutback on the slopes of the west side of Seam G area. Analysis of slope stabilityusing the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method, Geological Strength Index (GSI) and looking for thevalue of the factor of safety (FK) using slide software using the spancer method. Analysis results declared safe or a cutback process can be carried out and the slope condition is declared stable, aswell as providing recommendations for further cutback processes."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh resiliensi terhadap kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan Pendataan Potensi Desa (Podes) tahun 2018. Variabel resiliensi merupakan variabel laten berbentuk skor yang dibentuk dari pilar akses ke pelayanan dasar, kapasitas adaptif, aset, dan jaring pengaman sosial. Sementara variabel kerawanan pangan didekati dengan Rasch Scale dan Raw Score berdasarkan Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Estimasi skor resiliensi dilakukan menggunakan analisis faktor dan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Setelah melakukan estimasi skor resiliensi, estimasi menggunakan variabel instrumen dengan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara resiliensi dan kerawanan pangan. Variabel instrumen yang digunakan adalah jumlah satuan perlindungan masyarakat di desa rumah tangga tinggal sebagai salah satu bentuk pendekatan kualitas institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat resiliensi maka semakin rendah tingkat kerawanan pangan rumah tangga. Peningkatan skor resiliensi sebesar 1 satuan akan menurunkan tingkat kerawanan pangan sebesar 0,733 satuan. Peran resiliensi dalam mengurangi kerawanan pangan cukup besar yaitu sebesar 22,212 relatif terhadap rata-rata Rasch Scale seluruh observasi.

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This study aims to determine the impact of resilience on household food insecurity in Indonesia. This study uses data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and Village Potential Data Collection (Podes) in 2018. The resilience variabel is a latent variabel in the form of a score formed from the pillars of access to basic services, adaptive capacity, assets, and social safety nets. Meanwhile, the food insecurity variabel is approached by the Rasch Scale and Raw Score based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Estimation of the resilience score was carried out using factor analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM). After estimating the resilience score, estimation using instrument variabels with the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method was carried out to determine the causal relationship between resilience and food insecurity. The number of community protection units (linmas) in residential villages is used as instrumental variabel as a form of institutional quality approach. The results showed that the higher the level of resilience, the lower the level of household food insecurity. An increase in the resilience score by 1 unit will reduce the level of food insecurity by 0.733 units. The role of resilience in reducing food insecurity is quite large, around 22.212 relative to the average Rasch Scale of all observations."

"Migrasi telah menjadi salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup, terutama di negara berkembang. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah menganalisis dampak migrasi pada berbagai aspek sosial ekonomi, hubungan migrasi dan ketahanan pangan masih menjadi penyelidikan empiris terbuka. Penelitian ini menyelidiki hubungan antara pekerja migran internal dan kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia. Kami menggunakan pendekatan variabel instrumental (IV) untuk mengatasi endogenitas status migran menggunakan data survei rumah tangga yang representatif di level nasional pada tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2021 dengan instrumen jaringan migrasi. Temuan kami menunjukkan bahwa pekerja migran internal memiliki efek positif yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia, dan dampak tersebut paling besar di Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Selain itu, kami menguraikan mekanisme bagaimana dampak pekerja migran internal terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga beroperasi, dan kami menemukan bahwa pengetahuan tentang gizi dan kesehatan memiliki pengaruh terbesar, sedangkan pendapatan tidak signifikan untuk memediasi pengaruh tersebut. Namun, realokasi pengeluaran untuk pangan secara signifikan memediasi dampak migrasi terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, yang menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan migran hanya akan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga jika dialokasikan untuk pangan. Selain itu, belum tentu suatu rumah tangga akan mengkonsumsi makanan yang beragam jika tidak dimediasi oleh pengetahuan tentang gizi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi atau program pendidikan gizi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pola makan yang sehat, sehingga mengurangi kerawanan pangan.

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Migration has become one of the strategies to improve life, especially in developing countries. Despite many studies analyzing migration's impact on various socioeconomic aspects, the migration and food security nexus remains an open empirical investigation. This research investigates the relationship between internal migrant workers and household food insecurity in Indonesia. We employ the instrumental variable (IV) approach to address the endogeneity of migrant status using representative household survey data at the national level in 2019, 2020, and 2021 utilizing the migration network instrument. Our findings show that internal migrant workers have a statistically significant positive effect on household food security in Indonesia, and the impact is greatest in Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition, we describe the mechanism by which the impact of internal migrant workers on household food security operates, and we find that knowledge about nutrition and health has the greatest influence. In contrast, income is not significant in mediating the effect. However, spending reallocation for food significantly mediates the impact of migration on household food security, indicating that migrant income will only increase household food security if it is allocated for food. Moreover, it is not certain that a household will consume a variety of foods if it is not mediated by knowledge about nutrition. These findings suggest that promoting campaigns or conducting nutrition education programs is essential to enhance public awareness about the importance of a healthy diet, thus alleviating food insecurity."

"Hingga saat ini, kerawanan pangan masih menjadi isu pembangunan yang penting di negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah, termasuk Indonesia. Di sisi lain, inklusi keuangan diyakini mampu mengakselerasi pencapaian SDGs, diantaranya dalam hal penurunan kerawanan pangan. Meskipun demikian, studi yang meneliti pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap kerawanan pangan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang inkonklusif. Di Indonesia, studi mengenai hal tersebut juga masih jarang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ingin menganalisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia, baik secara umum maupun menurut kelompok tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2020. Variabel kerawanan pangan diukur melalui skor kerawanan pangan berdasarkan Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) melalui dua cara, yaitu raw score dan rasch scale. Sementara itu, variabel inklusi keuangan diukur menurut aksesibilitas rumah tangga pada beberapa layanan keuangan formal yang mencakup tabungan, kredit, asuransi dan e-banking. Estimasi pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap kerawanan pangan dilakukan dengan metode 2SLS Lewbel karena tidak tersedianya instrumen eksternal yang valid. Hasil estimasi menujukkan inklusi keuangan berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap kerawanan pangan. Menurut kelompok pendapatan, inklusi keuangan hanya signifikan mempengaruhi penurunan kerawanan pangan pada kelompok pendapatan rendah. Sementara menurut lokasi tempat tinggal, inklusi keuangan hanya berpengaruh pada penurunan kerawanan rumah tangga di perdesaan.

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To date, food insecurity remains as one of important development issues in low and middle income country, including Indonesia. On the other hand, financial inclusion is recognized in accelerating SDGs achievement, such as lowering food insecurity. However, the studies related to the relationship between financial inclusion and food insecurity remains inconclusive. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on household food insecurity in Indonesia. This study uses National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2020. The food insecurity variable is measured based on Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) which calculated in two ways, namely raw score and rasch scale. Meanwhile, the financial inclusion variable is measured based on the household accessibility to financial services, namely saving, credit, insurance, and e-banking. The effect of financial inclusion on food insecurity is estimated by 2SLS Lewbel since there’s no valid external instrument. The result of the estimation showed that financial inclusion has significant negative effect on household food insecurity. Based on income category, this effect is only found to be significant on lower income household. While based on location, financial inclusion only affect household in rural area."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial demografi yangmempengaruhi pola permintaan pangan hewani (ikan, daging, unggas, telur dansusu) dan pengaruh perubahan harga dan pendapatan terhadap proporsipengeluaran pangan hewani pada rumah tangga di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Datayang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional(Susenas) tahun 2013 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 13.018 sampel rumahtangga. Metode analisis adalah analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrikamenggunakan model Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) denganpenduga Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwakonsumsi pangan hewani dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain,jumlah anggota rumah tangga, golongan pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal(perdesaan/ perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga. Nilaielastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan komoditas bersifat inelastisuntuk ikan dan susu, sementara daging, unggas dan telur bersifat elastis.Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas harga silang, semua komoditi pangan hewanimerupakan barang substitusi kecuali komoditi daging merupakan barangkomplementer bagi unggas. Komoditi ikan dan telur termasuk barang normalsedangkan komoditi daging, unggas dan susu termasuk barang mewah

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ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors affectinganimal-based food demand (fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy) and the effect ofprice fluctuation and household income to expenditure share of animal-based foodin South Sulawesi Province. The primary data for the study was NationalSocioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data in 2013. The study performed descriptiveanalysis and econometric analysis on 13.018 household samples. QuadraticAlmost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) models with Iterated Linear LeastSquare (ILLS) estimator was applied for the econometric analysis. The studyshowed demand pattern of animal-based household food was affected the price ofanimal-based food, the price of other commodities, number of household member,income class, residential area (urban/rural), and education level of the householdhead. The price elasticity of animal-based food showed inelastic for fish anddairy; whereas meat, poultry and egg were tended to be elastic. Based on thecross-price elasticity, all animal-based food commodities substituted each otherexcept for meat which was complimentary to poultry. Fish and egg werecategorized as necessity goods, as for meat, poultry and dairy are categorized asluxury goods."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial demografi yang mempengaruhi pola permintaan pangan hewani (ikan, daging, unggas, telur dan susu) dan pengaruh perubahan harga dan pendapatan terhadap proporsi pengeluaran pangan hewani pada rumah tangga di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2013 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 13.018 sampel rumah tangga. Metode analisis adalah analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrika menggunakan model Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) dengan penduga Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS).Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pangan hewani dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, golongan pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal (perdesaan/ perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga. Nilai elastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan komoditas bersifat inelastis untuk ikan dan susu, sementara daging, unggas dan telur bersifat elastis. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas harga silang, semua komoditi pangan hewani merupakan barang substitusi kecuali komoditi daging merupakan barang komplementer bagi unggas. Komoditi ikan dan telur termasuk barang normal sedangkan komoditi daging, unggas dan susu termasuk barang mewah.

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The study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors affecting animal-based food demand (fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy) and the effect of price fluctuation and household income to expenditure share of animal-based food in South Sulawesi Province. The primary data for the study was National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data in 2013. The study performed descriptive analysis and econometric analysis on 13.018 household samples. Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) models with Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS) estimator was applied for the econometric analysis.The study showed demand pattern of animal-based household food was affected the price of animal-based food, the price of other commodities, number of household member, income class, residential area (urban/rural), and education level of the household head. The price elasticity of animal-based food showed inelastic for fish and dairy; whereas meat, poultry and egg were tended to be elastic. Based on the cross-price elasticity, all animal-based food commodities substituted each other except for meat which was complimentary to poultry. Fish and egg were categorized as necessity goods, as for meat, poultry and dairy are categorized as luxury goods."

"Salah satu masalah utama yang dihadapi masyarakat miskin adalah terbatasnya akses terhadap perumahan yang sehat dan layak. Kondisi rumah yang dimiliki masyarakat miskin dibangun dengan tidak memperhatikan kriteria fisik rumah yang layak huni. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pembangunan perumahan dan permukiman saat ini adalah peningkatan jumlah rumah tangga yang menempati rumah yang tidak layak huni dan tidak didukung oleh prasarana, sarana lingkungan dan utilitas umum yang memadai. Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Depok memiliki Program Rehabilitasi Rumah Tidak Layak Huni (RTLH) Tingkat Kecamatan dengan tujuan untuk meringankan beban masyarakat miskin dalam memenuhi hak dasar berupa rumah yang layak huni yang kukuhkan dalam Peraturan Walikota No. 40 Tahun 2013 sebagai pedoman pelaksana Program tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi program menggunakan 6 kriteria yang dikembangkan oleh William Dunn yaitu Ketepatan, Efektifitas, Kecukupan, Efesiensi, Perataan, dan Responsivitas dengan menggunakan pendekatan persepsi para rumah tangga penerima manfaat. Skala pengukuran yang akan dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah Skala Likert. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program rehabilitasi RTLH di Kota Depok telah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan pedoman pelaksanaan program sebagaimana yang tertera di dalam Peraturan Walikota, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil evaluasi untuk kriteria ketepatan program dengan skor 4.3 atau masuk dalam kategori tepat, efektifitas program dengan skor 4.0 atau masuk dalam kategori efektif, kecukupan program dengan skor 3.0 atau masuk dalam kategori cukup mencukupi, dan responsivitas program dengan skor 4.0 atau masuk dalam kategori responsivitas baik. Hanya terdapat dua kriteria yang masih belum mencapai kategori baik, yaitu kriteria efesiensi program dengan skor 2.8 atau masuk dalam kategori tidak efesien dan perataan program dengan skor 2.4 atau masuk dalam ketegori belum merata.

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One of the main problems faced by the poor is limited access to healthy and decent housing. The condition of the poor house was built with no regard to physical criteria of decent housing. One of the problems in the housing and settlement development today is the increase in the number of households who occupy the uninhabitable house and is not supported by the edaquate infrastructure, environment and public utility facilities. Depok City Government has an Uninhabitable Houses Rehabilitation Program with the aim to ease the burden of the poor to meet basic rights such as decent housing that strengthen by Mayor Regulation No. 40 In 2013, as a guide to implementing the program.

This study will focus on the evaluation of programs using six criteria that is owned by William Dunn namely as Appropriateness, Effectiveness, Adequacy, Efficiency, Equity, and Responsiveness. This study uses the approach of the perception of beneficiaries household of each of the indicators measured in the 6 criteria. The scale of measurement that will be used in this research is the Likert Scale.

The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the rehabilitation program RTLH in Depok has been going well and in accordance with the guidelines for the implementation of the program as set forth in Mayor?s Regulation, as shown by the results of the evaluation for program appropriateness criteria with a score of 4.3 or concidered as appropriate, the effectiveness of the program with a score of 4.0 or concidered as effective, the adequacy of the program with a score of 3.0 or concidered as quite sufficient, and the responsiveness of the program with a score 4.0 concidered as good responsiveness. There are only two criteria that has not yet to reach a good result, the efficiency of program with a score of 2.8 or concidered as inefficient and the equity of program with a score of 2.4 or concidered as not evenly distributed."

"The rising food price has been signaling a crisis to food insecurity among the poor since the period of 2007/2008. The poor would be in a difficult situation to allocate the budget to meet the demand for food and nonfood in daily life as the real income changes. Food insecurity measured by Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) is a most recent broadened concept of food insecurity considering the existence of anxiety to food access. This research aims to evaluate the causal inference of food price exposure to the FIES both on simple sum namely raw score and Rasch scale, a corrected measure which assuming the same latent traits among the households. The estimation used is Pooled Ordinary Least Square through the multilevel observations and Panel Regression for regional-level data. The main finding of this research is that the rising food price significantly affected the FIES, consistently on the raw score and Rasch scale, specifically to the vulnerable households defined by the bottom 40 percent in terms of their expenditure. The rising food price also increased the proportion of severely food insecure households at the regional level. As the heterogeneous effect through islands is also evaluated, it's concluded that the highest effect of the rising food price to experiencing the anxiety of food insecurity belongs households located in Bali and the lowest effect belongs to households located in Java Island. Decomposing food price into rice and nonrice is solving the puzzle where and who belongs the worse effect should be. The rising rice price is affecting worse to the households in Sumatera and Papua, but on the contrary, the households in Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi were taking benefit amid the rising rice price. The result is also serving as a baseline in evaluating the impact of such an outbreak namely Covid-19 through the channel of compensating variations regarding food insecurity. "