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"Teripang merupakan salah satu biota laut yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, penelitian tentang zat bioaktif teripang dari perairan Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis teripang yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan menangkal radikal bebas (antioksidan), serta komponen senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak dan fraksi teripang yang berperan sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Semua jenis teripang yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari perairan Lampung, Indonesia. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS. Identifikasi senyawa dalam ekstrak dan fraksi teripang menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya fraksi n-heksan Stichopus quadrifasciatus dan ekstrak metanol Holothuria lessoni yang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Ekstrak metanol H. lessoni dan fraksi etil asetat H. leucospilota terhadap Staphylococcus aureus; Sedangkan fraksi n-heksan S. quadrifasciatus, ekstrak metanol H. lessoni dan Bohadschia marmorata terhadap S. epidermidis. Tingkat aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh fraksi butanol H. lessoni dengan nilai IC50 109,7408 µg/mL, diikuti oleh ekstrak metanol H. leucospilota (155,0729 µg/mL), faksi n-heksan S. quadrifasciatus (157,9000 µg/mL), ekstrak metanol H. lessoni (163,8317 µg/mL) dan fraksi etil asetat H. leucospilota (181,8804 µg/mL). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa senyawa utama yang diidentifikasi dalam sampel uji terdiri dari siklononasiloksan, oktadekametil-, sikloheksasiloksan, dodekametil-, dan siklooktasiloksan, heksadekametil-. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa teripang H. lessoni merupakan salah satu jenis teripang yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antibakteri dan antioksidan alami di masa depan.

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Sea cucumbers are one of the many marine biotas found in Indonesian waters. Nevertheless, research on the bioactive substances of sea cucumbers from Indonesian waters is still limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of sea cucumbers that have antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria and free radicals scavengers (antioxidants), as well as the components of chemical compounds contained in the extracts and fractions of sea cucumbers that have antibacterial and antioxidant activity. All types of sea cucumbers used in this study were collected from Lampung waters, Indonesia. The maceration method was used for extraction with methanol as the solvent. The agar diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity, and the ABTS method was used to test antioxidant activity. GC-MS was used for identification of compounds in the extract and fractions of sea cucumbers. The results showed that only the n-hexane fraction of Stichopus quadrifasciatus and the methanol extract of Holothuria lessoni showed antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The methanol extract of H. lessoni and the ethyl acetate fraction of H. leucospilota were effective against Staphylococcus aureus, while the n-hexane fraction of S. quadrifasciatus, methanol extract of H. lessoni, and Bohadschia marmorata was effective against S. epidermidis. The highest level of antioxidant activity was shown by the butanol fraction of H. lessoni with an IC50 value of 109.7408 µg/mL, followed by the methanol extract of H. leucospilota (155.0729 µg/mL), the n-hexane faction of S. quadrifasciatus (157.9000 µg/mL), the methanol extract of H. lessoni (163.8317 µg/mL) and the ethyl acetate fraction of H. leucospilota (181.8804 µg/mL). GC-MS analysis showed that the main compounds identified in the test samples consisted of cyclononacyloxane, octadecamethyl-, cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-, and cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-. It can be concluded that the sea cucumber H. lessoni is one type of sea cucumber that has potential as a source of natural antibacterials and antioxidants in the future."

"Sea cucumber is an important raw material for food and remedy in the Eastern region. However, a study focusing on identifying the health benefit of sea cucumbers from tropical waters is still limited. A study on the free radical scavenging activity of five selected sea cucumbers collected from Lampung waters, Indonesia has been done. The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of five selected sea cucumbers, namely Stichopus vastus, Stichopus quadrifasciatus, Holothuria (Metriatyla) lessoni, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota, and Bohadschia marmorata. The extraction method which used in this study was the maceration method using methanol solvent while the free radical scavenging activity test is carried out using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Compared to other species at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, S. vastus, S. quadrifasciatus, H. lessoni and H. leucospilota showed the strongest scavenging activity. While B. marmorata was classified as a very weak scavenging activity. It can be concluded that S. vastus, S. quadrifasciatus, H. lessoni H. leucospilota, and H. lessoni are important sea cucumbers from tropical waters as a source of natural antioxidant agents in the future."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan Hdroxypropylmetilcelullose (HPMC) sebagai adsorben untuk menghasilkan serbuk jeli teripang. Metode pembuatan serbuk menggunakan pengeringan oven pada suhu ± 50oC. Konsentrasi HPMC yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20% dari berat jeli teripang yang digunakan. Serbuk yang dihasilkan, kemudian diuji higroskopisitas, laju alir, sudut diam dan indeks kompresibilitas. Serbuk ini dipersiapkan untuk pembuatan formula massa tablet. Formula massa tablet dievaluasi seperti uji pada serbuk. Campuran jeli teripang dengan HPMC 5% dan 10% terpilih untuk pembuatan serbuk karena memilki waktu pengeringan yang lebih cepat untuk mencapai kadar air 3-5%. Formula B dan C memenuhi persyaratan pada pembuatan massa tablet.

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This research the used Hdroxypropylmetilcelulose (HPMC) as adsorbent to produce Sea Cucumber jelly powder. Microwave drying at ± 50oC was used as method to make powder. The concentration of HPMC were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of Sea Cucumber jelly weight. The powder was tested the higroscopisity, compressibility index, flow rate and angle of respon. Those powder was prepared for creating tablet formulation and it was evaluated like test for powder. Combination of Sea Cucumber jelly with of HPMC 5% and 10% were selected to make powder because they have faster drying time to achieve water content 3-5%. The B and C formulation can be used for creating tablet formulation."

"ABSTRAKTerminal apung merupakan konsep baru yang ditawarkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di pelabuhan saat ini. Kendala yang sering terjadi adalah terbatasnya penumpukan kontainer di dermaga dan keterbatasan lokasi sandar bongkar muat di pelabuhan. Terminal apung merupakan struktur bangunan apung yang berdiri diatas permukaan air yang memiliki keseimbangan yang tinggi. Studi ini mengambil kasus di Pelabuhan Tual Maluku. Kapasitas terminal disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pengembangan di masa mendatang. Dengan menggunakan data proyeksi jumlah bongkar muat maka bisa diprediksikan kapasitas terminal apung untuk kebutuhan 20 tahun ke depan dengan asumsi dari tahun 2018 ndash; 2038 rata-rata 1,5 juta ton/tahun. Rancangan konsep terminal ini menggunakan 4 pontoon, maka didapatkan kapasitas 32.428 ton/pontoon. Spesifikasi terminal apung panjang 125,5 m, Lebar 30,5 m, Sarat 6,3 m, Tinggi 8,47 m, Freeboard 2,17 m

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ABSTRACTFloating terminal is a new concept that is offered as a solution to overcome the existing problems in the port today. Constraints that often occur is the limited container pile at the dock and the limited loading and unloading location of the port. Floating terminal is a floating structure that stands on the surface of the water that has a high balance. This study takes the case in Tual Port Maluku. The terminal capacity is tailored to future development needs. Using projected data of loading and unloading quantities, it can be predicted that the floating terminal capacity for the next 20 years assuming 2018 2038 averages 1.5 million tons year. The design of this terminal concept uses 4 pontoon , Then obtained capacity 32,428 ton pontoon. Floating terminal specification LoA 125.5 m, Breadth 30.5 m,Draft 6.3 m, Height 8.47 m, Freeboard 2.17 m"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaturan terhadap laut tertutup dan laut semi tertutup dalam hukum laut. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dan bersifat diskriptif. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini membahas mengenai pengaturan hukum internasional terhadap laut tertutup dan semi tertutup pada UNCLOS 1982. Akan dibahas pula mengenai kerjasama regional atas laut tertutup dan semi tertutup serta disertai contoh-contoh pengaturan pada Laut Mediterania, Laut Karibia, Laut Kuning, Laut Hitam, dan Laut Arafura dan Timor. Akan dibandingkan pula ketentuan dari kerangka pengaturan yang ada di kelima contoh tersebut, yaitu Barcelona Convention di Laut Mediterania, Cartagena Convention di Laut Karibia, Bucharest Convention di Laut Hitam, dan ATSEF MoU di Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor. Serta akan disebutkan pelajaran apa yang dapat diambil untuk pengaturan pada Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor sebagai salah satu laut semi-tertutup dimana Indonesia memiliki kepentingan atas pengelolaannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyarankan agar didorongnya pembentukan pengaturan regional atas laut tertutup dan semi tertutup, serta harus segera dibentuknya kerangka pengaturan yang mengikat di Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor, dan perlu dibuat National Action Plan yang solutif untuk menghadapi Priority Environmental Concern dari Laut Arafura dan Laut Timor.

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This thesis is will describe the existing law of the sea arrangement on the enclosed sea and semi enclosed sea. This thesis is a juridical-normative research, and well be narrated on descriptive basis. First things that will be addressed on this research is the arrangements on enclosed sea and semi enclosed sea as stipulated in UNCLOS 1982. Also will be addressed is the trend of regional approach on enclosed and semi enclosed sea, and the example in Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Yellow Sea, Black Sea, and also the existing non-binding arrangement in Arafura and Timor Sea. It will also explains about the arrangements in those sea, namely Barcelona Convention on the Mediterranean Sea, Cartagena Convention on the Caribbean Sea, Bucharest Convention on the Black Sea, and ATSEF MoU on the Arafura and Timor Sea. This research will makes a comparison out of those existing arrangements on enclosed and semi-enclosed sea, and explains what are the good example that can be applied in furthering the regional cooperation on Arafura and Timor Sea. The result of this research are the regional cooperation in enclosed,and semi enclosed sea should be encouraged, it also underlines the need for a binding arrangements in Arafura and Timor Sea. Related to Arafura and Timor Sea, there are needs for creating a National Action Plan that will address the Priority Environmental Concern thoroughly."

"Sea crimes have happened since long ago. For centuries some areas of the world such as Malacca Straits and the South China Sea have been the target of the sea crimes. Generally, crimes at sea are an attack on the ship or boat. The criminals take a variety of valuables. International law has provided possibilities to combat the pirates. In the Strait of Malacca, for example, Indonesian government and several associated countries in Malacca have collaborated to solve these problems. In the Gulf of Aden and Somalia Offshore, the UN and various countries have tried to handle it even though the results have not been too encouraging. Key words: Sea crimes, combat, pirates"

"Pengamatan keanekaragaman jenis teripang telah dilakukan di wilayah perairan pesisir desa Pai dan desa Imbeyomi di Perairan Padaido, Biak Numfor. Pengambilan contoh dikerjakan dengan menggunakan transek kuadran ukuran 1m x 1m sebanyak 3 garis transek. Sampling dan pengamatan mikrohabitatnya dilakukan dengan snorkling. Analisis terhadap struktur komunitas berdasarkan pada analisis kehadiran, keanekaragaman, dan kepadatan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa di dua lokasi tersebut terdapat 10 jenis teripang jenis Holothuria edulis, H. atra, dan H. nobilis melimpah.

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Sea Cucumber Resources At Tanjung Pai Waters Padaido Biak Numfor Papua. Observation on sea cucumber diversity was carried out at coastal waters of Pai and Imbeyomi Islands in the Padaido Island Biak Numfor. Sampling was done by using a transect quadrant of 1 m x 1 m. This sampling and observation on its microhabitat were conducted by snorkling. Analyses on the sea cucumber community structure were based on its frequency of occurance, diversity, and density. The results showed that at both locations 10 species of sea cucumber were found where Holothuria edulis, H. atra, and H. nobilis were predominant common and more evenly distributed than the other species."