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"Indonesia memiliki norma multikulturalisme yang khas yang dikenal dengan norma multikulturalisme Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Beberapa hal yang membedakan norma multikulturalisme liberal dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika adalah elemen pembentuknya, pemahaman tentang nilai demokrasi, relasi agama dan kehidupan individu, pendekatan dalam penyelesaian konflik, dan prinsip dalam penggunaan bahasa. Kurikulum International Baccalaureate (IB) memiliki kerangka kurikulum yang sejalan dengan nilai norma multikulturalisme liberal. Dengan konsep lokalisasi norma usulan Acharya (2004), tesis ini menganalisis tahapan-tahapan lokalisasi norma multikulturalisme liberal yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran dengan kurikulum IBPYP. Tesis ini juga mengadopsi model disposisi budaya berpikir usulan Casinader (2014) dan mengolahnya menjadi model disposisi norma multikulturalisme. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatifdeskriptif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan tiga argumen utama. Pertama, lokalisasi norma multikulturalisme liberal terjadi dengan intervensi kurikulum IBPYP. Penulis menemukan adanya elemen penting dalam lokalisasi norma ini, yaitu inisiatif kelompok lokal, kemampuan adaptasi, dan idea of effects. Kedua, proses lokalisasi ini menyebabkan terjadinya pergerakan kedua norma multikulturalisme dan membentuk model baru yang penulis sebut sebagai norma multikulturalisme semi-liberal. Ketiga, proses lokalisasi yang terjadi tetap tidak mengubah karakter nilai dasar norma lokal Indonesia, namun, norma lokal secara tidak sengaja mengalami norm-broadening atau perluasan norma. Hal ini penulis simpulkan karena norma Bhinneka Tunggal Ika menjadi lebih terbuka dengan nilai-nilai norma multikulturalisme barat yang berseberangan dengan nilai lokal. Proses akulturasi kedua norma multikulturalisme terjadi karena adanya upaya lokalisasi norma dengan intervensi kurikulum IB dan perluasan norma multikulturalisme lokal. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan untuk negara dalam mengkaji implementasi norma multikulturalisme Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang menjunjung hak asasi manusia.

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Indonesia has a unique multiculturalism norm which is known as Bhinneka Tunggal Ika multiculturalism norm. Some key characteristics that differentiate liberal multiculturalism norm and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika multiculturalism norm are the component of the groups, the understanding of democracy value, relation between religion and individual’s life, problem solving approach, and principles in the language use. International Baccalaureate Curriculum has a curriculum framework which in line with liberal multiculturalism norm values. Acharya’s (2004) norm localization concept is used in this thesis to analyze the localization of liberal multiculturalism process, in the learning processes which use the IBPYP curriculum. This thesis also adopts cultural dispositions of thinking model proposed by Casinader (2014) and transfer it into multiculturalism norm disposition model. This research is qualitative-descriptive research. Findings of this thesis show three main arguments. First, liberal multiculturalism norm localization happened with the intervention of IBPYP curriculum. The writer found that there are three important elements in this norm localization, which are, local initiative, adaptation, and idea of effects. Second, localization process affects the moving of both multiculturalism norms and shapes a new model which the write calls as semi-liberal multiculturalism norm. Third, localization process did not change the basic characteristics of Indonesian local norms. However, local norm experienced normbroadening unintentionally. This became the writer’s conclusion since Bhinneka Tunggal Ika multiculturalism norm became more open with the western multiculturalism norm values which are in contrast with local values. The acculturation of both multiculturalism norms happened because of norm localization with the IB curriculum intervention dan the local multiculturalism norm-broadening. These findings are expected to be taken as the references for the country in examining the implementation of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika multiculturalism norm which supposes to value human rights."

"Eksistensi norma internasional dalam studi hubungan internasional memiliki perkembangannya yang signifikan. Konstruktivis memiliki banyak penjelasan untuk penciptaan, difusi dan sosialisasi norma internasional. Kelompok ini berpikir bahwa norma-norma internasional tidak berhenti ada hanya karena ketidakpatuhan terjadi. Sehingga, mereka menaruh sedikit perhatian pada bagaimana hilangnya norma-norma internasional dan berapa lama norma-norma itu akan bertahan. Kajian literatur ini meninjau lebih dari lima belas literatur berbahasa inggris yang terakreditasi internasional untuk menganalisis perkembangan literatur yang membahas siklus hidup norma internasional dari awal kemunculannya hingga kepunahannya. Literatur tersebut akan dikaji berdasarkan metode taksonomi ke dalam tiga tema bahasan yaitu (1) kemunculan norma internasional, (2) respons kepatuhan terhadap norma internasional, dan (3) respons penolakan terhadap norma internasional yang diikuti dengan perubahan dan/atau kepunahan norma internasional. Kajian literatur ini berusaha untuk menemukan konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan dalam bahasan tersebut. Kajian literatur ini menunjukkan adanya tren terpusat pada kajian kemunculan norma internasional dan sedikit yang mencurahkan perhatian pada bagaimana norma kehilangan efektivitas statusnya. Berdasarkan berbagai literatur yang sudah dikaji, kajian literatur ini berpendapat bahwa dalam siklus hidup norma internasional secara keseluruhan, komitmen suatu aktor seringnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang berbasis pada self-interest yang menentukan tujuan dan kepentingan aktor internasional. Komitmen ini yang nantinya menentukan berapa lama norma internasional bertahan dalam siklus hidupnya.

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The existence of international norms in the study of international relations have experienced significant development. Constructivists have differing and numerous explanations for the creation, diffusion, and socialisation of international norms. The group advocates the idea that international norms does not stop existing based on non-compliance. Therefore, little focus seem to be directed towards the disappearance of norms and the length of their existence. This study covers over fifteen (15) internationally accredited literatures in English to analyse the development of literature that explores the life cycle of international norms from its creation to its termination. This study are classified through the taxonomy method into three main themes of discussion which are (1) the emergence of international norms, (2) the responses of compliance towards international norms, and (3) the responses of non-compliance towards international norms that results in changes and/or the extinction of international norms. This study aims to discover the consensus, debates, and gaps within the discussions. This study is able to exhibit the existence of a centralised trend in the research of the emergence of international norms and less on the research of how norms lose the status of its effectivity. Based on the differing literatures that have been reviewed, this study is able to hypothesise that in the whole life cycle of international norms, commitment of an actor is often affected by factors that is based on self-interest which defines the purpose and importance of international actors. This commitment later defines how long the international norms will survive in its life cycle."

"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang secara harfiah diartikan sebagai bercerai berai tetapi satu merupakan ilustrasi dari jati diri bangsa Indonesia yang secara natural dan sosial - kultural dibangun di atas keanekaragaman (etnis, bahasa,budaya dll)...."

"In this article, the author presents his thoughts on cultural diversity as the motto of Indonesia nation, on the basis of the ideology of' Unity in Diversity' (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika,). The author has a notion that the meaning of bhinneka tunggal ika was emphasized as ethnics diversity during New Order (Orde Baru) and Habibies rezim era. It represents the consequence of ethnical politics with plural society model used by the regimes.The fall down of the New Order regime, caused any social conflicts and national disintegration especially in a period of Habibie governance. To rebuild social solidarities and the Indonesian national integration, the author offers model of multiculturalism in comprehending bhinneka tunggal ika which emphasizing equal cultural diversity. The author stresses that the model of multiculturalism only possible exist and expand in societes which uphold principles of democracy, justice supremation of law, and also eradication of corruption and collusion."

"In this article, the author presents his thoughts on cultural diversity as the motto of Indonesia nation, on the basis of the ideology of 'Unity in Diversity' (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika). The author has a notion that the meaning of bhinneka tunggal ika was emphasized as ethnics' diversity during New Order (Orde Baru) and Habibies rezim era. It represents the consequence of ethnical politics with plural society model used by the regimes. The fall down of the New Order regime, caused any social conflicts and national disintegration especially in a period of Habibie governance. To rebuild social solidarities and the Indonesian national integration, the author offers model of multiculturalism in comprehending bhinneka tunggal ika which emphasizing equal cultural diversity. The author stresses that the model of multiculturalism only possible exist and expand in societies which uphold principles of democracy, justice supremation of law, and also eradication of corruption and collusion."