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"Fiksi distopia kerap kali menampilkan kecemasan masyarakat mengenai masalah politik baik di masa lalu, masa kini, dan masa depan. Hal yang sama terjadi dalam novel Yoko Ogawa, Hisoyaka na Kesshou. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak teror rezim opresif dalam Hisoyaka na Kesshou dan peran novel tersebut sebagai fiksi distopia yang mengkritik sistem pemerintahan totaliter. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori totalitarianisme Arendt dan Roberts dan teori fiksi distopia dan pemikiran politik dari Stock. Melalui penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa teror rezim opresif dalam novel tersebut mengakibatkan masyarakat menderita dari kelaparan, taraf hidup yang rendah, isolasi, kurangnya penemuan baru, dan depopulasi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai sebuah fiksi distopia, Hisoyaka na Kesshou dapat dibaca sebagai kritik terhadap pemerintahan yang totaliter.

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Dystopian fiction often presents people's anxiety regarding past, current, and future political problems. The same thing happens in Yoko Ogawa's novel, Hisoyaka na Kesshou. This study aims to examine the impacts of oppressive regime's terrors in Hisoyaka na Kesshou and the role of said novel as a dystopian fiction that criticizes the totalitarian government system. The analysis was carried out using Arendt and Roberts theory of totalitarianism and Stock's theory of dystopian fiction and political thought. Through this research, it was found that the terror of the oppressive regime in the novel resulted in people who were suffering from famine, low standard of living, isolation, the lack of new discovery, and depopulation. This result shows that as a dystopian fiction, Hisoyaka na Kesshou can be read as a criticism toward totalitarian government."

"Ogawa Yoko as a Japanese novelist mostly features the life of contemporary Japanese society in her novels. One that stands out from her works is the image of the Japanese family structure. Ogawa outlines the Japanese family structure in contrast to the Japanese family structure in actual society, as in the novel Kifunjin A No sosei, Hakase no Aishita Suushiki, and Miina no Koushin. These three novels depict Japanese family structure more complex than her other novels. How Ogawa described Japanese family structure in the three novels is the issue on this article. This article is a literature study ; data were collected from the three novels and analyzed using sociological literature approach and the concepts of Japanese traditional family known as ie system. This paper shows that there was an implementation of the ie system in the three novels yet it was only a part of the ie concept. "

"ABSTRAKBertentangan dengan tujuan peradaban dengan nilai-nilai Utopisnya yang dimaksudkan untuk memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat, Freud mengajukan konsekuensi lain yang menunjukkan ambivalensi peradaban. Dalam masyarakat beradab, menurut dia, orang menghilangkan bahaya yang berasal dari manusia lain melalui penciptaan institusi sosial, seperti budaya, moralitas, atau regulasi sistem yang lebih kompleks. Lembaga sosial ini selain manfaat yang diberikan, juga memberikan bahaya lain yang menurut Freud menyebabkan benturan antara individu dan naluri utamanya untuk memenuhi prinsip. Untuk menjadi bagian dari masyarakat, anggota masyarakat harus menyesuaikan diri dengan sistem sosial masyarakatnya. Dalam sistem sosial ini, naluri fundamental manusia terbatas atau ditolak melalui adanya peraturan, moralitas, dan budaya yang perlu dipatuhi dan diprioritaskan di atas keinginan individu. Dengan demikian, untuk hidup bersama dalam masyarakat, individu seharusnya melepaskan aspek tertentu dari keinginannya dengan menindasnya.Dengan begitu masyarakat yang terlihat memiliki peradaban tinggi ternyata adalah sebuah masyarakat totaliter yang merupakan masyarakat distopis.ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACTContrary to the purpose of civilization which is meant for benefiting the community, Freud proposed another its consequence that shows the ambivalence of civilization. In civilized society, he stated, people eliminated the danger which comes from other human beings through creating social institution, such as culture, morality, or more complex system regulation. This social institution, despites of the benefits that it can bring, also brings another danger which according to Freud causes a clash between individual and its primal instinct to fulfill the pleasure principle Dalley, 1977 . To become of a part of society, a member of society must adapt to its society rsquo s established social system. In this social system, Tthe fundamental instinct of human beings is limited or denied through the existence of which needs to obey and prioritize above individual rsquo s will. Thus,to live together in a society, individual is supposed to giving up certain aspect of his or her desire by repressing them. Introduction The Giver was released in the United States on August 15, 2014 and based on the 1993 novel of the same title by Lois Lowry. It depicts a civilized community with the inexistence of inequalities and discriminations. The community is shaped and governed by the old generation based on their ideal values they believe have created an ideal community. A community which is a great place and considered as a solution to live where every member of the community succeed in eliminating all the things that can create undesirable feelings and conditions such as disorder, bad weather, chaos, pain, envy, fear and hatred. Watching The Giver, the audience will be given a depiction of a community where no poverty exists. There are no the rich and the poor. The citizens rsquo behavior and attitude during interaction to other member of the community are extremely polite even to their own family member or colleagues to avoid internal aggression. Thus, there are no crimes because everyone behaves perfectly well according the norms strictly regulated.In addition, the advanced technology has made many improvements in the quality of human life by successfully avoiding danger from bad weather or natural disaster as external dangers. In the movie, the community seems have perfectly avoided both internal aggressions and external dangers that lead to sorrow and unhappiness. However, the community also cannot feel the pleasure of the real world, such as to love or to be loved since showing emotion is considered not proper. They also have no choice about what job they will be assigned to, whom they will marry to or who their future children will be. Every child never sees his or her birthmother as the Elders or the old generation will choose his or her family. Everything is decided by the elder as the leader of the community, including when a member of the community will need to be lsquo released rsquo which means lsquo will be killed or dead rsquo without his or her knowing what is the real meaning of death.This journal will show that The Giver gives realization that there is a cost of such ideal society to individualism. Using Sigmund Freud rsquo s social theory of civilization, a seemingly ideal Utopian of civilized society in the Giver is actually a repressed society that have lead the society to totalitarian state which is a dystopian. Thus, from the depiction of The Giver society, civilization and its fundamental nature are actually incompatible with the individual needs of human being to please the primal instinct."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap struktur keluarga Jepang yang dibangun oleh Ogawa Yoko dalam tiga novelnya yaitu Kifujin A No Sosei, Hakase no Aishita Suushiki, dan Miina No Koushin. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kajian kepustakaan dengan analisis menggunakan konsep ruang sosial yang dikemukakan oleh Bourdieu dan konsep keluarga tradisional Jepang yaitu sistem ie. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa Ogawa Yoko menangkap perubahan struktur keluarga yang terjadi dalam masyarakatnya dan menuangkan ke dalam novel. Struktur keluarga yang dibangun oleh Ogawa Yoko tidak sama dengan struktur keluarga tradisional Jepang, dan berbeda dengan struktur keluarga modern sehingga keluarga yang dibangun oleh Ogawa Yoko dapat disebut dengan hubungan keluarga interdependen atau interdependent family relantionship atau 􂔦􀮫􀱫􁏑􂓗􁐙􁪘􃛵􀲀 (sougoizonteki kazokukankei).

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This research aims at uncovering the structure of Japanese family set up by Ogawa Yoko in her three novels, i.e. Kifujin A No Sosei, Hakase No Aishita Suushiki, and Miina No Koushin. It is a qualitative research using library research as its method. Social field proposed by Bourdieu and ie system of Japanese traditional family have been chosen to analyse the issue. This research has found out that Ogawa Yoko had caught the change of the family structure taking place in her society and has expressed it in her three novels. The family structure Ogawa Yoko has developed differs from both the structure of Japanese traditional family and modern family. Thus, Ogawa Yoko has developed interdependent family relationship / 􂔦􀮫􀱫􁏑􂓗􁐙􁪘􃛵􀲀 (sougoizonteki kazokukankei."

"Tesis ini merupakan kritik sastra yang mempergunakan perspektif feminis dan pascakolonial terhadap tiga novel karya Nh. Dini, yaitu Pada Sebuah Kapal, La Barka, Namaku Hirolco. Analisis dalam tesis ini menyoroti konstruksi seksualitas dan subjektivitas perempuan dalam budaya patriarki yang saya lakukan melalui kajian struktur dan kajian wacana yang saya fokuskan pada wacana tubuh dan penubuhan, serta wacana berahi, seks dan cinta.Simpulan yang saya dapatkan adalah pada ketiga novel Nh. Dini meresistensi konstruksi patriarki atas seksualitas dan subjektivitas perempuan melalui penghadiran tokoh perempuan yang menginternalisasi dan mendekonstruksi, mengartikulasi dan/atau melebih-lebihkan konstruksi patriarkal terhadap seksualitas/ subjektivitas perempuan sebagai bagian dari proses menjadi Diri/Subjek sebagaimana Diri itu ingin dibangun oleh tokoh-tokoh tersebut

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Representation of Women's Sexuality in Three Novels by Nh. DiniThis thesis is a piece of literary criticism using feminist and postcoionial perspective on Nh. Dini's three novels, namely Pada Sebuah Kapal, La Barka, Namaku Himko. The analysis of this thesis highlights the construction of women's sexuality and subjectivity through structural and discursive analysis, which I focus on the patriarchal construction of women's sexuality and subjectivity as well as based on the discourse of passion, sex and love.

The conclusion I can draw is that in the three novels, Nh. Dini resists the patriarchal construction on women's sexuality and subjectivity by presenting women characters that internalize and deconstruct, articulate and/or magnify the patriarchal construction of women's sexuality and subjectivity as a part of a process of becoming Self/ Subject as the Self wishes to be constructed by the characters."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan Latar Belakang Penulisan Ciri-ciri umum kesusastraan periode Victoria, perlu disebut bahwa zaman itu adalah zaman prosa. Sehubungan dengan itu, kesusastraan Inggris banyak menghasilkan novelis-novelis besar seperti Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, dan Mary Ann Evans yang terkenal dengan nama George Eliot. Pada zaman itu juga muncul seorang novelis muda, Thomas Hardy, yang menurut Marion Davis dalam bukunya berjudul Bloomsbury Guide To Encaish Literature mendominasi periode akhir zaman tersebut. Thomas Hardy dilahirkan di Upper Buckhamton, dekat Dorchester pada tanggal 2 Juni 1840, meninggal dunia pada tanggal 11 Januari 1928 di Dorchester dalam usia 88 tahun. Thomas Hardy merupakan seorang penulis yang hidup dalam masa peralihan antara abad ke-19 dan abad ke-20. Hal ini tercermin dalam karya-karyanya yang terus mengikuti perubahan zaman. "

"Ibu adalah orang tua perempuan bagi anak, baik melalui hubungan biologis maupun sosial. Sosok ibu dalam keluarga tidak hanya berperan sebagai ibu bagi anak-anak, tetapi juga sebagai istri untuk suaminya. Novel Ibu karangan Poerwadhie Atmodihardjo ini mencerminkan peran sosok ibu Jawa dalam menjalani hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan representasi peran perempuan Jawa dalam novel Ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan objektif dan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini tertuju pada penokohan para perempuan Jawa yang telah menikah yang diperankan oleh Raden Ayu Brata, Minarni dan Mbok Marta Ranti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga tokoh tersebut mencerminkan perempuan Jawa terkait kedudukan dan peranan (peran kodrat dan peran gender) sebagai istri sekaligus ibu dalam mengurus keluarga. Berdasarkan analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemahaman tentang perempuan Jawa berdasarkan peran ketetapan kodrat dan peran gender dapat dijadikan solusi atas ketimpangan gender yang terjadi di masyarakat saat ini.

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Mothers are the female parent of a child, both through biological or social relationships. The mother figure in the family not only play a role as a mother for children, but also as a wife for her husband. Ibu novel by Poerwadhie Atmodihardjo reflects the role of the Javanese mother figure in life. This research aims to see how the role of Javanese womens are represented in Ibu. This research uses objective approach and the method used is descriptive qualitative. This research is focussing on the characterization of married Javanese women which played by Raden Ayu Brata, Minarni and Mbok Marta Ranti. Result show that the three figures has successfully represented Javanese women in terms of their position and roles (nature roles and gender roles) as wives and mothers when taking care of her family. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the comprehension of the nature roles and gender roles of Javanese women, can be used as a solution to the gender inequality that occurs in society nowadays."