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"Sampah masih menjadi salah satu masalah di Indonesia. Sejak tahun 2017, volume sampah yang terangkut di Indonesia masih belum memenuhi target, termasuk di Desa Tubanan, Kecamatan Kembangan, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Sampah yang terangkut didominasi oleh Sampah Organik sebesar 30-63%. Pengelolaan sampah dengan biokonversi larva Black Soldier Fly dapat menjadi solusi untuk permasalahan sampah di Indonesia, karena dapat mereduksi 80% sampah, tidak berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat dan tidak menimbulkan bau, selain itu dapat membentuk ekonomi sirkular untuk masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memformulasikan model pengelolaan sampah organik dengan biokonversi larva Black Soldier Fly berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam aspek lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dengan perlakuan formula nutrisi pakan yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis keuntungan yang didapatkan di antara 3 jenis sampah sebagai formula nutrisi pakan (sampah dari masyarakat, sampah sisa pemotongan ikan, dan sampah campuran dari keduanya). Analisis menggunakan sistem dinamik dan analisis statistik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa model pengelolaan sampah organik dengan biokonversi larva Black Soldier Fly berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat menggunakan sampah campuran (sampah dari masyarakat yang dapat terolah 100% dan sisa pemotongan ikan) metode pengelolaan sampah yang paling tepat di Desa Tubanan, Kecamatan Kembangan, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah.

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Waste is still a problem in Indonesia. Since 2017, the volume of waste transported in Indonesia has yet to meet the target, including in Tubanan Village, Kembangan District, Jepara Regency, Central Java. The transported waste is dominated by organic waste by 30-63%. Waste management with Black Soldier Fly larvae bioconversion can solve the waste problem in Indonesia because it can reduce 80% of waste, does not impact public health, and does not cause odors. Besides that, it can form a circular economy for the community. This research aims to formulate a management model for organic waste with bioconversion of Black Soldier Fly larvae based on community empowerment in environmental, social, and economic aspects, with proper feed nutritional formula treatment. This research was conducted by analyzing the benefits obtained between 3 types of feed nutrition formulas (waste from the community, waste from fish slaughter, and mixed waste from both)—analysis using dynamic systems and statistic analysis. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that the organic waste management model with bioconversion of Black Soldier Fly larvae based on community empowerment using mixed waste (waste from the community that can be processed 100% and fish slaughter residue) is the most appropriate waste management method in Tubanan Village, Kembangan District. , Jepara Regency, Central Java."

"Hanya 14% TPS 3R di Indonesia yang beroperasi dengan baik sehingga tingkat pengumpulan sampah masih rendah dan terjadi pencemaran sungai, salah satunya Sungai Citarik. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis teknologi, membuat model keuangan tiga skenario, dan merekomendasikan sistem pengelolaan sampah plastik yang minim residu dan layak secara ekonomi untuk Desa Cibodas dan Padamukti. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis neraca massa, titik impas, model keuangan, BCR dan NPV, serta pengambilan keputusan multikriteria. Teknologi pengolahan plastik yang dipilih adalah mesin tekan hidrolik, pencacah, injeksi, dan extruder. TPS 3R pada ketiga skenario mengelola sampah dari 400 KK, namun skenario 2 ditambah plastik dari pelapak sedangkan skenario 3 ditambah plastik dari seluruh desa. Residu yang dibuang TPS 3R ke TPA adalah 93.328 kg/tahun oleh skenario 1 dan 2, serta 72.909 kg/tahun oleh skenario 3, yaitu 41%, 36%, dan 12% dari total sampah yang dikelola. Hasil pemodelan keuangan BCR 1,11; 2,13; dan 1,77 serta NPV +Rp174.741.433; +Rp2.590.917.416; dan +Rp4.687.308.967. Pengelolaan sampah yang direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di Desa Cibodas dan Padamukti adalah skenario 2 karena sudah meminimalisir residu dan menghasilkan arus kas positif, serta dapat diimplementasikan dalam waktu dekat. Biaya iuran penerima manfaat sama dengan kondisi eksisting, namun dengan tingkat pengumpulan dan daur ulang yang meningkat. 

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The study addresses the need for financially viable community-managed sorting and recycling facilities in Indonesia, known as TPS-3R. Out of the 2,854 existing facilities, only 14% are functioning optimally due to economic challenges. To address this issue, the research aims to recommend an economically viable plastic waste management system with optimum residue and income. Cibodas and Padamukti Villages are chosen as the case study location, as it has only 20% waste collection coverage and is located in the Citarum Watershed, whose river is a source of water for 60 million people. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with recyclers in the villages and through waste volume and composition characterization. Three scenarios were developed for the TPS-3R objectives: Scenario 1 (S1) serves as the baseline with sorting technologies, Scenario 2 (S2) includes a more advanced plastic processing facility for recyclers in the villages, and Scenario 3 (S3) optimizes waste processing to minimize residue. The waste managed in all scenarios comes from 400 households, with additional plastic for S2 from recyclers and entire villages for S3. Data analysis involved mass balance, break-even calculations, financial models, BCR, NPV, and MCDM. The residue disposed of in landfills is 41%, 36%, and 12% of the total waste managed for scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Financial modeling yielded BCR values of 1.11, 2.13, and 1.77, as well as NPV +Rp174,741,433; +Rp2,590,917,416; and +Rp4,687,308,967. Based on the findings, S2 is recommended for implementation due to its minimized residue, positive cash flow, and feasibility for swift implementation. The current TPS-3R primarily focuses on separating and selling inorganic waste, while this study suggests purchasing separated plastic waste from recyclers and adopting shredder and injection machines to enhance economic viability while reducing residue. By maintaining the existing contribution fee, the collection and recycling rate can be increased."

"Kondisi saat ini sebagian besar pedesaan di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia, belum terjangkau oleh layanan pengumpulan sampah formal. Akibatnya, praktik pembuangan dan pembakaran sampah secara liar lebih banyak terjadi di pedesaan yang menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Permasalahan di hulu adalah timbulan sampah organik rumah tangga di pedesaan belum terolah dengan baik. Pedesaan membutuhkan solusi penanganan sampah rumah tangga melalui penerapan ekonomi sirkular dalam rangka urgensi pencapaian SDGs Desa. Upaya pengelolaan sampah dengan menjadikan sampah sebagai sumber daya, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Tujuan penelitian adalah membangun model implementasi ekonomi sirkular berbasis masyarakat menggunakan teknologi BSF pada pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 19-3964-1994 untuk mengukur timbulan dan komposisi sampah rumah tangga; desain eksperimen pengolahan sampah menggunakan teknologi BSF skala komunal pada lahan seluas 40 m2 dengan sampel 100 rumah tangga; dan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: desa memiliki ketersediaan sampah organik yang cukup (72,50%) dan sesuai untuk habitat BSF; pengaturan eksperimental pengolahan sampah dengan teknologi BSF skala komunal menghasilkan waktu pengembalian 13,1 bulan; terdapat kemauan dan kemampuan masyarakat desa untuk menggunakan teknologi BSF. Model dibangun berdasarkan hubungan antara kondisi lokal pedesaan, desain eksperimental pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga menggunakan teknologi BSF pada skala komunal, dan tingkat keterlibatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kondisi lokal pedesaan dapat memfasilitasi penerapan ekonomi sirkular berbasis masyarakat melalui adopsi teknologi BSF dan model ini dapat menjadi solusi yang layak untuk mengelola sampah rumah tangga yang berasal dari pedesaan.

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The current condition is that most rural areas in developing countries, including Indonesia, are not yet reached by formal waste collection services. As a result, the practice of illegal waste disposal and burning is more common in rural areas which causes environmental and public health problems. The problem in the upstream is that household organic waste generation in rural areas has not been properly processed. Rural areas need solutions for handling household waste through the implementation of a circular economy in the framework of the urgency of achieving Village SDGs. Efforts to manage waste by turning waste into a resource, one of which can be done using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) technology. The research objective is to build a community-based circular economy implementation model using BSF technology for household waste management in rural areas. The research applies the Indonesian National Standard (INS) 19-3964-1994 to measure household waste generation and composition; experimental setup of waste processing using communal-scale BSF technology on 40 m2 land with a sample of 100 households; and interview method. The research results show that: the village has sufficient availability of organic waste (72.50%) and is suitable for BSF habitat; experimental setup of waste processing with communal-scale BSF technology yielded a payback period of 13.1 months; there is a willingness and ability of the village community to use BSF technology. The model was built based on the relationship between local rural conditions, experimental setups for household organic waste processing using BSF technology on a communal scale, and the level of community engagement. This research concludes that local rural conditions can facilitate the implementation of community-based circular economy through the adoption of BSF technology and this model can be a viable solution for managing household waste originating from rural sources."

"Sampah di Indonesia didominasi oleh sampah organik, namun metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasinya didominasi open dumping dimana hanya 67% sampah yang tertangani. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan sampah organik adalah biokonversi menggunakan Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Selain itu, hasil biokonversi BSF dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kompos dan pakan ternak. Namun, sampah organik memiliki kemungkinan tercemar logam berat seperti kadmium (Cd) dari aktivitas alam, manusia, dan pembuangan sampah yang tidak tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan larva dalam bertahan hidup pada sumber substrat yang berbeda, pengaruh keberadaan Cd di substrat dan akumulasi logam berat Cd dalam larva dan residu. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi prarencana dan perancangan biokonversi menggunakan larva BSF. Substrat yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah sampah pasar (1), sampah restoran (2), dan campuran sampah pasar serta restoran (1:1) (3). Terdapat 9 wadah biokonversi berisi substrat sebanyak satu kg dan ditambahan campuran larutan air demineralisasi, air gula, dan air cucian beras (4:1:1) hingga kelembabanya mencapai 60%. Terdapat 3 wadah biokonversi berisi substrat dan larva (A), 3 wadah biokonversi (B) berisi substrat, larva dan penambahan Cd 3 mg/L, dan 3 wadah (C) hanya berisi substrat sebagai kontrol. Biokonversi berlangsung selama 14 hari dengan kontrol parameter suhu, kelembaban relatif, dan pH substrat. Larva BSF dapat bertahan hidup pada berbagai kondisi substrat tetapi pertumbuhan larva pada substrat (1) lebih lambat dibandingkan substrat (2) dan (3). Selain itu, paparan Cd pada wadah (B) juga berpengaruh terhadap durasi larva. Pada wadah (B), terjadi akumulasi Cd pada larva dan residu. Nilai bioaccumulation factor (BAF) masih aman (BAF < 1) dan tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan larva mereduksi sampah organik secara signifikan. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan solusi penanganan substrat yang terkandung logam berat agar tidak terakumulasi pada larva dan residu agar BSF tidak menjadi agen pembawa logam berat.

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The composition of waste in Indonesia is dominated by organic waste, but the method used to overcome it is open dumping where only 67% of waste is handled. One of the alternative methods to solve the problem of organic waste is bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) agents. In addition, the bioconversion results of BSF's potential as compost and animal feed. However, organic waste has the possibility of being contaminated by heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd). This study aims to investigate the larval survival ability in various substrates, the exposure of heavy metal Cd in BSF substrat, and its accumulation in larvae and residues. This study also provides recommendations for planning and designing bioconversion using BSF. The substrates in this study are market waste (1), restaurant waste (2), and a mixture of market and restaurant waste (1:1) (3). The bioconversion process is carried out in nine containers containing one kilogram of substrate. After that, it mixed with a mixture of demineralized water solution, sugar water, and rice water (4:1:1) until the humidity reached 60%. There were three different treatments in the bioconversion process, container (A) contained substrate and larvae BSF, container (B) contained substrate, larvae BSF, and 3 mg/L Cd, and container (C) contained only substrate as a control. The bioconversion process took 14 days by controlling several parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, and pH of the substrates. Based on the bioconversion process, BSFL could survive in various substrates. However, the BSFL growth in substrate (1) was slower than substrate (2) and (3). The exposure of Cd could delay the larval duration. In addition, there is an accumulation of Cd in larvae and residue. The value of bioaccumulation factor of all substrates are safe (BAF < 1). Nevertheless, this condition did not affect the ability of BSFL to reduce organic waste significantly. Further research is needed to obtain solution for handling substrates containing heavy metals in the BSF so BSF does not become a heavy metal carrier."

"Sampah organik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang memiliki jumlah terbesar di Indonesia. Rumah tangga dan Restoran merupakan sumber terbanyak yang menghasilkan sampah organik khususnya sampah makanan. Salah satu teknologi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah melalui proses biokonversi dengan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk [1] menganalisis karakteristik sampah organik rumah tangga dan restoran; [2] menganalisis proporsi sampah organik dari rumah tangga dan restoran terhadap efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF; [3] menganalisis pengaruh penambahan substrat dengan campuran sampah organik rumah tangga dan restoran terhadap efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat, sampah organik rumah tangga, sampah organik restoran, dan lumpur susu memiliki kadar air masing-masing sebesar 73%, 81%, dan 82%. Berdasarkan hasil biokonversi, memberikan gambaran bahwa kelompok kontrol dengan proporsi sampah rumah tangga dan restoran 30:70 memiliki nilai WRI tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan proporsi lainnya. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan karena sampah organik restoran memiliki keadaan yang lebih murni dibandingkan sampah organik rumah tangga. Sementara, penambahan substrat limbah susu tidak dapat meningkatkan nilai WRI, namun penambahan substrat dapat meningkatkan terhadap nilai ECD, RGR, dan RSR. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan karena lumpur susu memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kadar air yang dimiliki oleh sampah organik rumah tangga dan sampah organik restoran.

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Organic waste is one type of waste that has the largest amount in Indonesia. Households and restaurants are the largest sources of organic waste, especially food waste. One technology to overcome this is through a bioconversion process with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This research aims to [1] analyze the characteristics of household and restaurant organic waste; [2] analyzed the proportion of organic waste from households and restaurants on the effectiveness of bioconversion of BSF larvae; [3] analyzed the effect of adding a substrate mixed with household and restaurant organic waste on the effectiveness of bioconversion of BSF larvae. The instrument used in this research was an experiment. Based on the results of proximate analysis, household organic waste, restaurant organic waste, and milk sludge have water contents of 73%, 81%, and 82% respectively. Based on the bioconversion results, it shows that the control group with a proportion of household and restaurant waste of 30:70 has the highest WRI value when compared to other proportions. These results can be caused because restaurant organic waste is purer than household organic waste. Meanwhile, the addition of milk waste substrate cannot increase the WRI value, but the addition of substrate can increase the ECD, RGR and RSR values. This result could be caused by milk sludge having a higher water content compared to the water content of household organic waste and restaurant organic waste."

"Sebagian besar sampah yang dihasilkan di Indonesia merupakan sampah organik dengan persentase sebesar 58. Kantin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia FT UI merupakan salah satu penyumbang sampah organik yang cukup tinggi. Pengolahan sampah makanan yang dilakukan masih terbatas pada pengomposan yang membutuhkah waktu 6-7 minggu. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan sampah makanan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan proses biokonversi menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly Hermetia Illucens. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah organik Kantin FT UI, menganalaisis durasi optimal biokonversi, serta menganalisis potensi biokonversi dari sampah organik di Kantin FT UI. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan skala laboratorium yang menggunakan 4 jenis variasi durasi biokonversi yaitu 7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari, dan 28 hari. Durasi optimal biokonversi yang didapat selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengetahui potensi pengolahan dengan skala eksisting. Dari hasil pengukuran, rata-rata timbulan sampah sebesar 46,27 kg/hari. Selanjutnya dari keempat variasi durasi biokonversi, didapatkan durasi optimal yaitu selama 12 hari. Untuk potensi pengolahan sampah eksisting, proses biokonversi dengan larva Black Soldier Fly Hermetia Illucens dari sampah Kantin FT UI dapat mereduksi sampah sebesar 75 dengan nilai WRI sebesar 6,25 /hari, serta dapat menghasilkan biomassa larva sebanyak 800 gr per 4 kg sampah.

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Most of waste that produced in Indonesia is organic waste with percentage of 58. Canteen of Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia FT UI is one of the high enough contributor of organic waste. Food waste processing is still limited to composting that takes 6 7 weeks. One of the alternative food waste processing that can be applied is bioconversion process using Black Soldier Fly larvae Hermetia Illucens.

This study aims to determine the generation of organic waste in Canteen FT UI, analyze the optimum duration of bioconversion, and analyze the bioconversion potential of organic waste in Canteen FT UI. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale that used 4 variations of bioconversion duration those are 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. The optimum duration of current bioconversion was used to know the potency of processing with the existing scale.

From the measurement result, the average of waste generation is 46,27 kg day. Then from within the variation of bioconversion duration, the optimum duration is 12 days. For the potential of existing waste processing, the bioconversion process with Black Soldier Fly larvae Hermetia Illucens from waste in Canteen of FT UI can reduce organic waste by 75 with WRI value of 6.25 day, and can produce larvae biomass as much as 800 gr per 4 kg organic waste."

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Pakan merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan dari suatu usaha budidaya peternakan. Harga pakan yang terus melonjak memerlukan terobosan untuk alternatif dalam menekan harga bahan pakan dengan sumber protein yang tinggi. Industri Black Soldier Fly (BSF) memiliki potensi yang cukup besar sebagai alternatif pakan ternak di Indonesia. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pengiriman produknya yang besar, maka sektor BSF juga memerlukan aktivitas outbound logistics yang besar. Biaya outbound logistics yang tinggi disebabkan karena perencanaan pengiriman yang belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan optimasi untuk perencanaan outbound logistics yang mengatur pergerakan barang dari gudang hingga sampai ke customer. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengembangkan model matematis untuk meminimasi biaya outbound logistics dengan metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) menggunakan software LINGO 18.0. Biaya outbound logistics tersebut terdiri dari biaya pengiriman dan biaya manajemen pergudangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 12 periode dari bulan September sampai dengan November tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dengan adanya penurunan biaya outbound logistics dari  Rp 219.624.000 menjadi  Rp 113.353.249. Dengan adanya keberhasilan penurunan total biaya outbound logistics menghasilkan peningkatan utilitas penggunaan kendaraan dari 44,96% menjadi 99,29% disertai penurunan jumlah penggunaan kendaraan dari 316 unit menjadi 95 unit.

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Feed is one of the success determinants of a livestock farming business. Feed prices that continue to soar require alternative breakthroughs to reduce the price of feed ingredients with high protein sources. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) industry has considerable potential as an alternative to animal feed in Indonesia. In meeting the needs of large product shipments, the BSF sector also requires large outbound logistics activities. The high cost of outbound logistics is caused by less than optimal delivery planning. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize outbound logistics planning which regulates the movement of goods from warehouses to customers. This research was conducted by developing a mathematical model to minimize outbound logistics costs using the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method using LINGO 18.0 software. Outbound logistics costs consist of shipping and warehousing management costs. This research was conducted for 12 periods from September to November 2022. The results were obtained by reducing outbound logistics costs from Rp 219.624.000 to Rp 113.353.249. The success of reducing the total cost of outbound logistics resulted in an increase in vehicle usage utility from 44,96% to 99,29% accompanied by a decrease in the number of vehicle usage from 316 vehicles to 95 vehicles.

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"Sampah sisa makanan menjadi salah satu masalah di Universitas Indonesia karena belum terdapat metode yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengelolaan limbah kantin dari fakultas-fakultas yang ada. Salah satu teknik pengelolaan limbah kantin adalah dengan pengomposan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Adanya proses fermentasi dan penguraian bahan kompleks oleh mikroorganisme pada substrat organik mampu mengoptimalkan daya biokonversi larva BSF. Namun, hingga saat ini, penelitian terkait pengaruh fermentasi limbah kantin terhadap efektivitas biokonversinya dengan larva BSF belum ditemukan sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan mikroorganisme EM4 terhadap efektivitas biokonversi limbah kantin menggunakan larva BSF dan juga kandungan kompos yang dihasilkan berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7030-2004. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yakni berupa kombinasi fermentasi EM4 dengan perbedaan perlakuan durasi (0, 5, dan 10 hari) serta larva BSF sebagai agen pengomposan pada limbah kantin. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap berat biomassa larva BSF dan kompos, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, serta analisis kandungan unsur hara kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF tertinggi didapatkan oleh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan EM4 selama 10 hari (F10) dengan berat biomassa total larva BSF sebesar 50,09 gram; nilai bioconversion rate sebesar 24,55%; nilai waste reduction index (WRI) sebesar 10,79%; dan berat kompos sebesar 27,38 gram. Sementara itu, sebagian besar kandungan unsur hara kompos pada semua perlakuan sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI 19-7030-2004, kecuali nilai kadar C-organik pada perlakuan F10 serta nilai rasio C/N pada semua perlakuan lainnya (F0, F5, F10, KL dan KF). Pada penelitian ini, didiskusikan juga potensi biokonversi dan peluang bioekonomi pengelolaan limbah kantin FMIPA UI dengan larva BSF.

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Food waste management has become one of the issues at the University of Indonesia due to the lack of an effective and efficient method in managing canteen waste from existing faculties. One common technique in food waste management is composting using larvae of Black Soldier Fly (BSF). The fermentation process and decomposition of complex substances by microorganisms in the organic substrate can optimize the bioconversion efficiency of BSF larvae. However, studies related to the influence of canteen waste fermentation on the effectiveness of bioconversion with BSF larvae have not been discovered to date. Hence, further study regarding this subject is necessary. This study aimed to identify the effects of canteen waste fermentation treatment with EM4 microorganisms on the effectiveness of canteen waste bioconversion using BSF larvae and the content quality of the resulting compost based on the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard. The method used in this study is combining EM4 fermentation with different durations treatment (0, 5, and 10 days) and BSF larvae as composting agent on canteen waste. Data analysis included the weight of BSF larvae biomass and compost, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, and content quality analysis of the compost. The results showed that the highest effectiveness of bioconversion by BSF larvae was obtained with a 10-day EM4 fermentation treatment (F10). The total biomass of F10 BSF larvae reached 50,09 grams; with bioconversion rate of 24,55%; waste reduction index of 10,79%; and a compost weight of 27,38 grams. Meanwhile, most of the content qualities in the compost for all treatments were following the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard, except for the C-organic content value in the F10 treatment and the C/N ratio values in all other treatments (F0, F5, F10, KL, and KF). In this study, the bioconversion potency and the bioeconomic opportunities of managing the waste from the FMIPA UI canteen using BSF larvae were also discussed."

"Asam lemak merupakan salah satu produk yang cukup aplikatif di industri. Produk ini umum didapatkan dengan bahan baku minyak nabati. Metode produksi asam lemak tersebut melibatkan ekstraksi minyak dari BSFL (black soldier fly larvae), yang dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai metode, khususnya ekstraksi cair dengan pelarut organik dan ekstraksi mekanis menggunakan screw pressing. Proses simulasi ini menggunakan perangkat lunak SuperPro Designer v.13 dan AspenPlus v.12.1. BSFL yang telah dibudidayakan akan dijadikan sebagai umpan proses sebesar 10 ton/batch. Produksi asam lemak dan produk samping lainnya berupa produk padatan dan gliserin. Proses dimulai dengan pretreatment dan proses ekstraksi minyak, baik dengan pelarut cair atau screw press. Ekstrak berupa minyak BSFL kemudian akan di-splitting sehingga jumlah asam lemak bebasnya maksimal untuk difraksinasi dengan distilasi. Proses ini bernilai ekonomis dengan mempertimbangkan gate fee sebesar $57,6 USD/ton untuk pengolahan limbah oleh BSFL sebagai salah satu penghasilannya. Adapun dari proses dengan ekstraksi pelarut cair, didapatkan nilai NPV (net present value) sebesar  $1.281.065 USD, IRR (internal rate of return) 11,4%, ROI (rate of investment) 5,4%, dan PBP (payback period) 7,5 tahun. Sedangkan untuk ekstraksi dengan screw press, NPV sebesar  $3.584.990 USD, IRR 17,5%, ROI 10,7% dan PBP 5,5 tahun. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas, gate fee menjadi variabel yang relatif sensitif pada kedua jenis proses.

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Fatty acids are one of the quite applicable products in the industry. This product is commonly obtained from vegetable oil raw materials. The production method of these fatty acids involves extracting oil from BSFL (black soldier fly larvae), which can be done through various methods, particularly liquid extraction with organic solvents and mechanical extraction using screw pressing. This simulation process uses SuperPro Designer v.13 and AspenPlus v.12.1 software. Cultivated BSFL will be used as the process feed at a rate of 10 tons/batch. The production includes fatty acids and other by-products such as solid products and glycerin. The process starts with pretreatment and oil extraction, either with liquid solvent or screw press. The extracted BSFL oil will then be split so that the amount of free fatty acids is maximized for fractionation by distillation. This process is economically valuable, considering the gate fee of $56,7 USD for waste processing by BSFL as one of its revenue sources. From the liquid solvent extraction process, a NPV (net present value) of $1.281.065 USD, IRR (internal rate of return) of 11,4%, ROI (rate of investment) of 5,4%, and PBP (payback period) of 7,5 years were obtained. Meanwhile, a NPV of screw press extraction is $3.584.990 USD, IRR of 17,5%, ROI of 10,7%, and PBP of 5,5 years were obtained. Based on sensitivity analysis, the gate fee is a relatively sensitive variable in both types of processes."

"One main drawback of the local animal industry is the inavailability of affordable and sustainable protein supply for the livestock. Insect larvae, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), have been considered as a protein source which can be produced at a large scale using low cost organic wastes as feeding material. This study was designed to determine the response of BSFL to various waste combinations of vegetable and animal remains, Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) residues (S) and carp (Cyprinus caprio) fish offal (I)). A total of 540 BSFL were fed with 100 mg/larvae/day combination of vegetable wastes: animal waste 70%: 30% (S > I), 50%: 50% (S = I), and 30%: 70% (S < I). Among the feed combinations, the S < I group showed the best results as it produced the significantly highest weight of BSFL at 122.8 mg/larvae and approximate digestibility of 62.01%, with the least pupae mortality rate at 4.29%.Keywords: bioconversion, biomass, Brassica chinensis, Cyprinus carpio, Hermetia illucen"