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"This book addresses a growing problem in international law: overlapping claims before national and international jurisdictions. Its contribution is, first, to revisit two pillars of investment arbitration, i.e., shareholders' standing to claim for harm to the company's assets and the contract/treaty claims distinction. These two ideas advance interrelated (and questionable) notions of independence: firstly, independence of shareholder treaty rights in respect of the local company's national law rights and, secondly, independence of treaty claims in respect of national law claims. By uncritically endorsing shareholder standing in indirect claims and the distinctiveness of treaty claims, investment tribunals have overlooked substantive overlaps between contract and treaty claims. The book also proposes specific admissibility criteria. As opposed to strictly jurisdictional approaches to claim overlap, the admissibility approach allows consideration of a broader range of legal reasons, such as risks of multiple recovery and prejudice to third parties."

"Recent trends suggest that international economic law may be witnessing a renaissance of convergence – both parallel and intersectional. The adjudicative process also reveals signs of convergence. These diverse claims of convergence are of legal, empirical and normative interest. Yet, convergence discourse also warrants scepticism. This volume contributes to both the general debate on the fragmentation of international law and the narrower discourse concerning the interplay between international trade and investment, focusing on dispute settlement. It moves beyond broad observations or singular case studies to provide an informed and wide-reaching assessment by investigating multiple standards, processes, mechanisms and behaviours. Methodologically, a normative stance is largely eschewed in favour of a range of 'doctrinal,' quantitative and qualitative methods that are used to address the research questions. Furthermore, in determining the extent of convergence or divergence, it is important to recognize that there is no bright line or clear yardstick for determining its nature or degree."

"In recent years there has been a flourishing body of work on the Law of Treaties, crucial for all fields within international law. However, scholarship on modern treaty law falls into two distinct strands which have not previously been effectively synthesized. One concerns the investigation of concepts which are fundamental to or inherent in the law of treaties generally - such as consent, object and purpose, breach of obligation and provisional application - while the other focuses upon the application of treaties and of treaty law in particular substantive (e.g. human rights, international humanitarian law, investment protection, environmental regulation) or institutional contexts (including the Security Council, the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization and the World Trade Organization). This volume represents the culmination of a series of collaborative explorations by leading experts into the operation, development and effectiveness of the modern law of treaties, as viewed through these contrasting perspectives."

"This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards."

"Perdagangan internasional merupakan salah satu system kejasama antar Negara dalam aspek ekonomi. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk terciptanya perdagangan internasional yang efisien dan dapat menguntungkan bagi setiap Negara yang tergabung dalam kegiatan kerjasama antar Negara ini. Salah satunya yaitu dengan membuat sebuah forum internasional sebagai satu-satunya institusi resmi yang menangani semua yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas perdagangan dunia. Skripsi ini menjelaskan penelitian mengenai cara penyelesaian sengketa dalam perdagangan internasional dibawah organisasi perdagangan dunia dengan mengangkat kasus rokok kretek yang terjadi pada tahun 2010 antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif untuk mengelaborasi dan menganalisis dalam hal langkah-langkah dalam proses penyelesaian sengekta rokok kretek yang melalui serangkaian tahap beracara yang sudah diatur didalam Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO. Hasil analisis membawa pada penyelesaian akhir yaitu dengan dikeluarkannya Memorandum of Understanding yang telah disepakati oleh kedua Negara.

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International trade is one system of cooperation between countries in economic aspects. Various efforts have been made by the government to create the efficient of international trade and can be beneficial for any State incorporated in such activities. One of which is to create an international forum as the only official institution that can handles in world trade activity aspects. This research elaborate on how to resolve disputes in international trade under the world trade organization by took clove cigarette case that occurred in 2010 between Indonesia and the United States as the example. This research uses normative approach to elaborate and analyze in terms of steps in the process of clove cigarette resolution through a series of stages that have been arranged in Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO. The results of the analysis lead to the final resolution, the issuance of a Memorandum of Understanding agreed upon by both parties countries."

"The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law aims to provide the first truly exhaustive account of the current state and future development of this important and topical field of international law. The Handbook is divided into three main parts. Part One deals with fundamental conceptual issues, Part Two deals with the main substantive areas of law, and Part Three deals with the major procedural issues arising out of the settlement of international investment disputes. The book has a policy-oriented introduction, setting the more technical chapters that follow in their policy environment within which contemporary norms for international foreign investment law are evolving. The Handbook concludes with a chapter written by the editors to highlight the major conclusions of the collection, to identify trends in the existing law, and to look forward to the future development of this field."

"This edited volume aims at examining China's role in the field of international governance and the rule of law under the Belt and Road Initiative from a holistic manner. It seeks alternative analytical frameworks that not only take into account legal ideologies and legal ideals, but also local demand and socio-political circumstances, to explain and understand China's legal interactions with countries along the Road, so that more useful insights can be produced in predicting and analysing China's as well as other emerging Asian countries' legal future. Authors from Germany, Korea, Singapore, Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong have contributed to this edited volume, which produces academic dialogues and conducts intellectual exchanges in specific sub-themes."