Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Born in Marseilles, Louis Simonin (1830–86) became a leading mining engineer of his age. He travelled widely on government and private commissions, particularly around the United States, where he was held in very high esteem. His posthumous renown rests primarily on this substantial work on mining, first published in 1867. The book is divided into three parts, dealing with coal mining, metal mining, and the mining of precious stones. It covers metallurgy and mineralogy, the history of mining, and techniques, methods and equipment. Bringing the struggles of miners to life, and enhanced by numerous illustrations by some of the leading engravers of the day, the book is regarded as having inspired and informed Émile Zola, whose great novel Germinal (1885) depicts coal miners' lives during a strike. Simonin's work reached a wide readership in his native France, and this English translation appeared in 1869."

"Tulisan ini membahas mengenai identitas dan eksistensi musik Underground di Bandung pada tahun 1990 hingga 1999. Kebudayaan yang telah dirintis sejak akhir dekade 1960 di Indonesia, telah banyak mengalami penyesuaian identitas dan eksistensi terutama ketika memasuki dekade 1990. Kerusuhan yang terjadi pada konser Metallica tahun 1993 di Jakarta, berdampak kepada keberadaan musik Underground di Indonesia. Termasuk keberadaannya di kota Bandung. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui keadaan musik Underground di Bandung dalam mempertahankan identitas dan eksistensinya pada dekade 1990. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Berdasarkan telaah yang dilakukan, demi mempertahankan identitas dan eksistensinya. Komunitas musik Underground yang ada di Bandung menciptakan sebuah media yang bersifat independen dari nilai-nilai kemandirian dan anti kemapanan yang mulai diterapkan pada periode ini.

---

This article discussed the identity and existence of underground music in Bandung in 1990 until 1999. The culture that had been initiated since the late 1960s in Indonesia, has undergone many identity and existence adjustments, especially when entering the 1990s decade. The riots that occurred at the Metallica concert in 1993 in Jakarta, has an impact on the existence of Underground music in Indonesia. Including its presence in the city of Bandung. The purpose of this paper is to find out the state of underground music in Bandung in maintaining its identity and existence in the 1990s. It uses the historical method of the four stages: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Based on the analysis, in order to maintain its identity and existence. The Underground music community in Bandung created a media that was independent from the values of independence and anti-establishment that began to be applied in this period."

"Penambangan adalah salah satu industri yang paling berisiko tinggi. Penambang bawah tanah mungkin telah terpapar untuk bahaya ergonomis seperti postur canggung, kerja statis, gerakan berulang, dan kekuatan yang berlebihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis postur kerja di bawah tanah menambang lingkungan dengan metode penilaian seluruh tubuh cepat (REBA) dan untuk tinjauan umum gangguan muskuloskeletal pada penambang bawah tanah di PT. Cibaliung Sumberdaya. Ini Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini adalah dilakukan dengan pengamatan pada seluruh proses kerja di bawah tanah dan kemudian kritis postur dianalisis menggunakan metode REBA. Kuesioner peta tubuh Nordik didistribusikan untuk penambang untuk mengetahui masalah gangguan muskuloskeletal di antara para pekerja itu sendiri. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa salah satu postur kerja memiliki skor 11+ yang artinya risiko sangat tinggi adalah ketika penambang menggunakan bor jackleg. Kemudian, enam postur kerja memiliki skor 8-10 yang berarti berisiko tinggi postur ketika penambang melakukan penskalaan, pemasangan baut batu dan kawat, chocking mekanisme ketika shotcrete hendak melakukan, mengatur tas ventilasi, dan mengoperasikan gunting mengangkat. Gangguan muskuloskeletal paling sering dikeluhkan oleh penambang bawah tanah adalah pinggang 64,15%, punggung 47,17%, leher atas 45,28%, dan bahu kanan 36,79%. Itu Peneliti menyarankan agar penambang harus diberi tahu tentang bahaya dan risiko ergonomis faktor gangguan muskuloskeletal.

---

Mining is one of the most high-risk industries. Underground miners may have been exposed to ergonomic hazards such as awkward postures, static work, repetitive movements, and excessive strength. The purpose of this study is to analyze the working posture of underground mining environment with a rapid whole body assessment method (REBA) and for an overview of musculoskeletal disorders in underground miners at PT. Cibaliung Resources. This research is quantitative descriptive with cross-sectional design. This research was carried out with observations on the entire underground and then critical work processes posture was analyzed using the REBA method. The Nordic body map questionnaire was distributed to miners to find out the problem of musculoskeletal disorders among the workers themselves. The results show that one work posture has a score of 11+ which means the risk is very high when miners use jackleg drill. Then, the six work postures have a score of 8-10 which means a high risk posture when the miner scales, installing stone and wire bolts, chocking the mechanism when the shotcrete is about to do, arranging ventilation bags, and operating scissors lift. Musculoskeletal disorders are most commonly complained by underground miners waist 64.15%, back 47.17%, upper neck 45.28%, and right shoulder 36.79%. The researcher suggests that miners should be informed of the ergonomic hazards and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders.

"

"Pelaku underground economy lebih menyukai penggunaan uang kartal dalam transaksinya karena lebih sukar dilacak oleh aparat negara dibanding jenis uang yang lain. Jika aktivitas underground economy meningkat, maka permintaan terhadap uang kartal pun semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini mencoba mengukur besarnya underground economy di Indonesia melalui analisis sensitivitas permintaan uang kartal terhadap adanya beban pajak. Besarnya underground economy di Indonesia periode 2000 ? 2009 sekitar 5,03% - 5,04% dari PDB. Potensi pajak atas aktivitas ekonomi tersebut mencapai sekitar Rp 18,76 Triliun - Rp 18,77 Triliun setiap tahunnya.

---

Economics agents in the underground economy prefer cash payments in their transaction because it is not easy to be tracked by the state apparatus than other types of money. If the underground economy activity increases, the demand for money (currency) also increasing. This study attempts to measure the underground economy in Indonesia use the currency demand method. The size of the underground economy in Indonesia during the period 2000 - 2009 is around 5.03 - 5.04 as a percentage of GDP. Meanwhile, the tax potential on the activity is around Rp 18.76 trillion - to Rp 18.77 trillion annually."

"The important role of underground construction is becoming obvious, from civic engineering aspects to the ever increasing price of land. The growing demand for surface transportation infrastructure and the increasing demand for electricity. From the mining aspect, the underground mining is the only way to keep the mines producing continuously. All of the mentioned cases, underground excavation will not only play an important role for many years from now but will also offer a challenge to domestic contractors and experts in underground construction."