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"This volume provides a critical roadmap through the major historical sources of legal semiotics as we know them today. The history of legal semiotics, now at least a century old, has never been written (a non-event itself pregnant with semiotic possibility).  As a consequence, its sources are seldom clearly exposed and, as word, object and meaning change, are sometimes lost. They reach from an English translation of the 1916 inaugural lecture of the first Chair in Legal Significs at the Amsterdam University, via mid 20th century studies on “property” or “contract,” to equally fascinating essays on contemporary semiotic problems produced by former students of the Roberta Kevelson Semiotics Roundtable Seminar at Penn State University 2012 and 2013. Together, the materials in this book weave the fabric of semiotics and significs, two names for the unfolding of semiotics in law and legal discourse at least until the second half of the 20th century, and both of which covered a lawyer’s focus on sign and meaning in law.  The latter is embedded within the cultural imperatives of the civilization that gave these terms meaning and made them an effective tool for the dissection of law, its reconstitution as an instrument to be used by the lawyer to advance the interests of her clients, and for judges as a means to restructure language as a narrative of law whose power could bend behavior to its strictures. Legal semiotics has become an indispensible part of the elite lawyer’s toolkit and a fundamental approach to analysis of legal texts. Two previous volumes published in 2011 and 2012 explored the conceptual, methodological and epistemological progress in the field of legal semiotics, the modern forms of semiotics study, and the mechanics of meaning making processes by lawyers. Yet the great lessons of semiotics requires a focus on the origins of the concepts and frameworks that would become contemporary legal semiotics, its origins as an object of the consciousness of meaning making—one whose roots, as lessons for the oracular conversations of law, are expanded in this volume."

"This unique publication offers a complete history of Roman law, from its early beginnings through to its resurgence in Europe where it was widely applied until the eighteenth century. Besides a detailed overview of the sources of Roman law, the book also includes sections on private and criminal law and procedure, with special attention given to those aspects of Roman law that have particular importance to today's lawyer. The last three chapters of the book offer an overview of the history of Roman law from the early Middle Ages to modern times and illustrate the way in which Roman law furnished the basis of contemporary civil law systems. In this part, special attention is given to the factors that warranted the revival and subsequent reception of Roman law as the ‘common law’ of Continental Europe. Combining the perspectives of legal history with those of social and political history, the book can be profitably read by students and scholars, as well as by general readers with an interest in ancient and early European legal history.The civil law tradition is the oldest legal tradition in the world today, embracing many legal systems currently in force in Continental Europe, Latin America and other parts of the world. Despite the considerable differences in the substantive laws of civil law countries, a fundamental unity exists between them. The most obvious element of unity is the fact that the civil law systems are all derived from the same sources and their legal institutions are classified in accordance with a commonly accepted scheme existing prior to their own development, which they adopted and adapted at some stage in their history. Roman law is both in point of time and range of influence the first catalyst in the evolution of the civil law tradition."

"ABSTRAKPenetapan Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi mengamanatkan Universitas Indonesia yang sebelumnya berstatus sebagai Badan Hukum Milik Negara menjadi Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Badan Hukum. Perubahan status perguruan tinggi berdampak pada status kepegawaian di Universitas Indonesia. Tidak terdapat ketentuan aturan hukum mengenai perlindungan hak dan kewajiban bagi pegawai tetap dan pegawai tidak tetap di lingkungan UI. Tumpang tindih antara Undang- Undang Ketenagakerjaan, Statuta Universitas Indonesia, dan Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara mengakibatkan ketidakjelasan status dan perlindungan hukum pegawai Universitas Indonesia. Masing-masing peraturan tersebut mengatur sistem rekrutmen, jenjang karier, serta hak dan kewajiban pegawai secara berbeda. Dengan demikian, untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan kepegawaian Universitas Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan menetapkan aturan atau kebijakan Rektor terkait perlindungan hukum pegawai Universitas Indonesia. Perlindungan hukum dimaksud adalah aturan hukum memberikan jaminan atas perlindungan hak-hak pegawai Universitas Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

Application of Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education, University of Indonesia mandates that previously existed as a State-owned Legal Entity (BHMN) into the Higher Education State of Legal Entity (PTN-BH). Status changes of higher education has an impact on employment status at the University of Indonesia. No provisions regarding the rule of law for the protection of the rights and obligations of permanent and temporary employees in UI causing staffing problems. Overlap between the Employment Act, Statute of the University of Indonesia, and the Law of State's Civil Officer lead status, position and legal protection for employees of the University of Indonesia as PTN BH becomes unclear. Each of these regulations regulate the system of recruitment, career path, and the rights and obligations of employees differently. Thus, the staffing problems of University of Indonesia can be resolved by setting up rules and policies related to legal protection of temporary employees of the University of Indonesia. This legal protection explains what Goverment Law guarantees about protection of the rights of permanent and temporary employees of the University of Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKThis article is the first comprehensive scholarly analysis of South Carolina's landmark education reform legislation, the Education Improvement Act (EIA). Using the "T-formation" process used to attain passage of the EIA as a prototype, the author evaluates the efficacy of nonadjudicative approaches to school reform, as against the impact litigation model of achieving systematic change in public education. While the latter strategy has been favored by public interest advocates since the advent of Brown v. Board of Education and the Rights Revolution, the author argues that nonadjudicative processes are more likely than impact litigation to yield effective outcomes in certain localities. In fact, the author argues, the nonadjudicative "T-formation" process used to persuade the South Carolina legislature to enact the EIA has much in common with other alternative dispute resolution processes that have been used with much success, including the direct action strategy used by activists to persuade Congress to enact the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. The author identifies three characteristics common to alternative dispute resolution processes such as direct action and the T-formation that are critical to their success, including the participation of a diversity of people and talents (particularly non-lawyers) in the process of conceiving educational rights and implementing remedial policies, and the use of informal procedures, or pressure and negotiation tactics, to achieve policy objectives."

"The conclusion briefly evaluates some of the key accomplishments of the recent historic preservation movement. It also provides a synthesis that draws on the lessons of each of the chapters, sketching out some of the hurdles that remain and are likely to occupy the agendas of preservationists in the decades ahead. The development of the historic preservation movement is, in itself, evidence of our particular American culture, as it changes. All of the evidencestrongly suggests, however, that this social campaign will continue and our legacy will extend to future generations."