Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has achieved deeper regional market integration to lay a socio-economic foundation for the development of a regional community, yet inter-state trust is by no means assured as Southeast Asian nations remain steadfast in maintaining their political regime stability against external interference. However, through its institutional practices, ASEAN has emerged as a distinct model of security institution, while the region's contemporary security landscape has diversified with various non-traditional security issues. By looking beyond the veneer of diplomacy and prevailing political circumstances, this book examines the legal nature and form of ASEAN's authority to address diverse regional security issues. It provides a fresh perspective on ASEAN's role as a security institution. With an interdisciplinary analysis, this book reveals the normative role that ASEAN plays in facilitating the processes of norm development, localisation and internalisation as it deals with contemporary security challenges confronting Southeast Asia."

"Sejak pembentukannya, ASEAN berdiri dengan tingkat institusionalisasi yang berbeda dengan institusi keamanan kawasan lainnya. Tingkat institusional yang informal dan bersifat inklusif serta prinsip ASEAN yang tidak intrusif memunculkan banyak perdebatan di dalam kalangan akademisi. Institusionalisasi di ASEAN menjadi penting karena menyangkut penilaian bagaimana ASEAN berjalan secara efektif terutama sebagai cara untuk mencapai integrasi keamanan kawasan ASEAN. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis perkembangan literatur mengenai sejauh mana tingkat institusionalisasi ASEAN sebagai institusi keamanan kawasan. Terdapat lebih dari 30 literatur yang dipilih untuk dipetakan dalam meninjau dinamika institusionalisasi institusi keamanan ASEAN. Tulisan ini akan menggunakan metode taksonomi yang mengelompokkan literatur kedalam empat tema besar yakni, (1) kerangka institusionalisasi dan prinsip ASEAN Way sebagai penggerak institusionalisasi keamananASEAN, (2) peran eksternal dalam institusionalisasi institusi keamanan ASEAN, (3) peran isu Demokrasi dan HAM serta ekonomi sebagai penggerak institusionalisasi keamanan ASEAN, dan yang terakhir (4) koordinasi kebijakan pengaturan kerja sama keamanan ASEAN. Selain itu, pemetaan literatur ini berupaya untuk mengungkapkan persebaran konsensus, perdebatan, serta kesenjangan di dalam topik ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini juga berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi arah tren pemikiran penulis dalam persebaran literatur. Tinjauan pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa dominan tren literatur berpusat pada perbedaan pandang dan sikap skeptis dan optimis akademisi yang didasari atas perspektif realis dengan konstruktivis. Tinjauan pustaka ini menggarisbawahi bahwa penting untuk menganalisis dinamika perkembangan institusionalisasi keamanan ASEAN sebagai rekomendasi penelitian lanjutan dan arah kebijakan serta mekanisme yang tepat untuk menghadapi tantangan keamanan ASEAN di masa yang akan datang.

---

Since its formation, ASEAN has stood at a different level of institutionalization from other regional security institutions. The institutional level which is not rigid and inclusive and the principle of non- binding ASEAN raises many considerations among the academics. Institutionalization in ASEAN is important because it is related to how ASEAN works in an effective way as a regional security cooperation. Therefore, this paper is aim to map and analyze the development of literature on to what extent institutionalisation in ASEAN will improve its role as regional security cooperation. There are more than 30 literatures were selected to be mapped in the ASEAN security dynamics transition. This paper will use a taxonomic method that classifies the literature into four major themes, (1) the literature`s worldview on institutional framework and the ASEAN Way as a driver of institutionalization of ASEAN security, (2) The external role in the institutionalization of security cooperation in ASEAN, (3) the role Democracy and Human Rights issues and the economy as the drivers of the institutionalization of ASEAN security, and (4) policy coordination of ASEAN security cooperation arrangements. In addition, literature mapping is taken to reveal the distribution of discussed consensus, debate, and gaps in this topic. This literature review also seeks to discuss the direction of trends that drive authors in the distribution literature. This literature review shows the dominant trend of literature centered on differences in views of skeptics and optimistic and also the attitudes of academics based on a realist and constructivist perspective. This literature review underlines important reasons for analyzing the dynamics of the development of ASEAN security institutionalization as a discussion of further research and appropriate policy directions and safeguards for ASEAN security challenges in the future."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai Kedudukan Hukum Legal Standing Lembaga Negara dalam Sengketa Kewenangan Lembaga Negara di Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dikaitkan dengan berbagai putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sengketa Kewenangan Lembaga Negara terjadi ketika suatu lembaga merasa kewenangannya diganggu, dikurangi dan/atau diambil-alih secara tidak sah oleh lembaga lainnya. Lembaga yang dapat menjadi Pemohon atau Termohon dalam beracara sidang Mahkamah Konstitusi hanya lembaga yang memperoleh kewenangan dari Undang-Undang Dasar. Penelitian ini mengambil rumusan masalah tentang bagaimana penerapan hukum acara sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara dan bagaimana pembatasan subjectum litis dan objectum litis sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang bertumpu pada data sekunder dan disajikan secara deskriptif analitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sejauh ini Mahkamah Konstitusi telah menerapkan hukum acara sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara dengan konsisten dan telah memberikan penegasan serta pengakuan terhadap lembaga negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-undang Dasar 1945.Kata Kunci: Kedudukan Hukum, Sengketa Kewenangan, Subjectum Litis, Objectum Litis, Putusan Perkara SKLN.

---

This thesis discusses Legal Standing of State Institution in authority disputes in various Constitutional Court decisions. Authority dispute of State Institution occurs when a State Institution or Agency perceive its Authority is being interrupted, reduced and or illegally taken over by another institution. Institutions that act as the Petitioners or the Petitionees in the Constitutional Court's justice proceedings shall be the only institutions authorized by the Constitution.

This study takes the outline of issues about how procedural law of State institutions authority dispute is applied and how subjectum litis and objectum litis is restricted in authority dispute of State institutions.

The method used in this study is juridical normative based on secondary data and presented descriptive analytic.

Results of the study shows that the Constitutional Court has consistently applied procedural law of State institutions authority dispute and has given affirmation and acknowledgment to state institutions which authority is attributed by the 1945 Constitution.Keywords Legal Standing, Authority Dispute, Subjectim Litis, Objectum Liti, Court Decision in Authority Dispute of State Institutions "

"Jumlah LKM yang sudah beroperasi di Indonesia sangat banyak yang tidak berbentuk Koperasi dan/atau Perseroan Terbatas. Ketiadaan bentuk hukum yang jelas menimbulkan potensi kerugian terhadap nasabah dan bagi LKM itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengangkat rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini bagaimana pengaturan dan pengawasan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan terhadap Lembaga Keuangan Mikro dan bagaimana sinkronisasi peraturan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro dengan peraturan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Peraturan Pebankan. Metode penelitian adalah studi kepustakaan dan didukung dengan wawancara. Pengaturan dan pengawasan OJK terhadap LKM telah diatur dengan UU, Peraturan Pemerintah, dan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sedangkan implementasi pengawasan baru akan dimulai dilaksanakan OJK pada Januari 2016. LKM yang telah bertransformasi menjadi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat tunduk pada peraturan BPR, sedangkan LKM yang telah memperoleh izin usaha sebagai koperasi tunduk pada UU Perkoperasian sehingga tidak wajib memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK.

---

The number of Micro Finance Institution that has operated in Indonesia is so many. Mostly of them is not cooperative or limited company. The obscurity of legal entity could bring about potential losses to the client and also Micro Finance Institution itself. Therefore, the problem that will be elaborated in this research is how regulation and supervision Financial Services Authority to Micro Finance Institution and how synchronization Micro Finance Institution regulation with saving and loan cooperative regulation and banking regulation. The research methods in this research is literature study and also supported by interview.

The regulation and supervision Financial Services Authority to Micro Finance Institution has been regulated by law, government regulations, and financial services authority regulations, while implementation of supervision Financial Services Authority to Micro Finance Institution will be started on January 2016. Micro Finance Institution thas was transfomed to the rural bank will obey rural bank regulation, while Micro Finance Institution that have got business license as cooperative will obey to cooperative regulation, so that getting business license from Financial Services Authority is not compulsory for them. "

"Due to the continuing expansion of the notion of security, various national, regional and international institutions now find themselves addressing contemporary security issues. While institutions may evolve by adjusting themselves to new challenges, they can also fundamentally alter the intricate balance between security and current legal frameworks. This volume explores the tensions that occur when institutions address contemporary security threats, in both public and international law contexts. As part of the Connecting International with Public Law series, it provides important and valuable insights into the legal issues and perspectives which surround the institutional responses to contemporary security challenges. It is essential reading for scholars, practitioners and policy makers seeking to understand the legal significance of security institutions and the implications of their evolution on the rule of law and legitimacy."

"One of business activities bank is fund raising of the community and the distribution of funds (fund lending) to the public. Contractual relationship between banks and depositors based on the principle of trust (fiduciary principle) and the principle of confidentiality (confidential principle). But this time there is misuse of customer data provided to other parties without the consent of customers.

In line with that issue, this research analyses how regulations on confidentiality and security of customer data bank which is bank secrecy. In addition, its explores how the efforts of the financial services authority to protect the customers of the bank customer data abuse. Based on a legal analysis, this research argues that Banks and affiliated party are bound to apply the principle of confidentiality provisions to maintain customer confidence. Furthermore, the research urges that financial services authority providing strict sanctions for those who violate the provisions of confidentiality and security of customer data.

This study concludes that the confidentiality and security of customer data has been established in the banking law that must be obeyed by the Bank and its affiliates, but still pose some different interpretations because not regulate in detail the type of customer data that must be kept secret. Financial Services Authority has made arrangements related to consumer protection, among others regulate the confidentiality of customer data and any data that must be kept confidential.

This research recommended that bank secrecy provisions in banking laws need to be changed by setting clearer and detail associated with any kind of data that must be kept secret and the regulation of financial services authority must contain firm and clear sanctions against those who breach the confidentiality of customer data.

---

Salah satu kegiatan usaha bank adalah penghimpunan dana dari masyarakat dan penyaluran dana kepada masyarakat. Hubungan kontraktual antara bank dan deposan berdasarkan prinsip kepercayaan (fidusia prinsip) dan prinsip kerahasiaan (prinsip rahasia). Namun demikian saat ini terdapat penyalahgunaan data nasabah yang diberikan kepada pihak lain tanpa persetujuan dari nasabah yang bersangkutan.Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana pengaturan tentang kerahasiaan dan keamanan data nasabah bank yang merupakan rahasia bank. Selain itu, mengeksplorasi bagaimana upaya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan untuk melindungi nasabah bank dari penyalahgunaan data tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis hukum, penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa Bank dan pihak terafiliasi terikat untuk menerapkan prinsip ketentuan kerahasiaan untuk menjaga kepercayaan nasabah. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menekankan agar Otoritas Jasa Keuangan memberikan sanksi yang tegas bagi mereka yang melanggar ketentuan kerahasiaan dan keamanan data nasabah.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Kerahasiaan dan keamanan data nasabah telah ditetapkan dalam undang-undang perbankan yang harus dipatuhi oleh pihak Bank dan afiliasinya namun masih menimbulkan beberapa interpretasi yang berbeda karena belum mengatur secara rinci jenis data nasabah yang harus dirahasiakan. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan telah membuat pengaturan yang terkait dengan perlindungan konsumen, antara lain mengatur kerahasiaan data nasabah dan jenis data yang harus dirahasiakan.Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa ketentuan kerahasiaan bank dalam undang-undang perbankan perlu diubah dengan menetapkan lebih jelas dan rinci terkait dengan jenis data yang harus dirahasiakan dan peraturan otoritas jasa keuangan harus memuat sanksi yang tegas dan jelas terhadap mereka yang melanggar kerahasiaan data nasabah."

"Dalam proses menjaga perdamaian dan stabilitas kawasan, agenda keamanan Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara (ASEAN)—sebagai institusi internasional utama di Asia Tenggara—melibatkan negara-negara anggotanya serta negara mitra dari luar dalam kegiatan-kegiatannya. Dengan sengketa maritim yang belum terselesaikan, meningkatnya pengaruh dari negara-negara kuat di ambang perbatasannya, serta munculnya pertanyaan-pertanyaan kritis yang diarahkan pada kemampuan institusi-institusi internasional, peran ASEAN dalam dimensi keamanan maritim lantas menjadi titik kritis secara akademik dan politik. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman akademis mengenai kerja sama keamanan maritim ASEAN secara kritis, serta menerapkan analisis tersebut pada konteks regional yang terus berkembang. Menggunakan 25 literatur serta metode taksonomi, artikel ini mengidentifikasi tiga titik fokus utama literatur: 1) ASEAN sebagai aktor dalam sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan; 2) keamanan non-tradisional sebagai fokus utama keamanan maritim ASEAN; dan 3) analisis kritis mengenai kapabilitas dan agensi ASEAN sebagai institusi internasional. Tinjauan ini menemukan bahwa Tiongkok tetap menjadi faktor utama yang konstan dalam diskursus keamanan ASEAN, dan tindakannya di Laut Tiongkok Selatan menjadi tantangan keamanan utama bagi agenda keamanan ASEAN. Tinjauan ini juga menemukan bahwa diskursus akademik terpengaruh oleh interaksi antar-negara adidaya (great powers), khususnya kontestasi antara AS dan Tiongkok. Mengingat aspirasi ASEAN untuk mempertahankan sentralitasnya dalam menjamin perdamaian dan stabilitas kawasan, kajian literatur ini menyimpulkan bahwa ASEAN harus mengambil tindakan jika ingin mempertahankan sentralitas tersebut saat ini.

---

The issue of maritime security cooperation has become one of considerable importance within the changing political context of the maritime Southeast Asia region. In the process of establishing and maintaining the region’s peace and stability, the security agendas of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation—acting as Southeast Asia’s premier international institution—sees active participation by both its member states within the region as well as partners from without. But how does it fare in the face of its changing security challenges? With unresolved maritime disputes within its borders, the growing influence of international powers, and critical questions poised at the capabilities of international institutions, ASEAN’s role within the dimension of maritime security becomes a critical academic and political juncture. This literature review aims to critically analyze current academic understanding of ASEAN maritime security cooperation, applying it to the changing regional context. Using 25 relevant academic articles, this article identifies three main focal points of literature: 1) ASEAN as an actor in the South China Sea disputes’ 2) non-traditional security as the primary focus of ASEAN maritime security; and 3) critical analyses regarding ASEAN’s institutional capability and agency. It finds that China remains a constant primary factor in ASEAN’s security discourse, and its actions in the South China Sea constitutes ASEAN’s main security challenge. It also finds that the academic discourse is subject to the encroachment of great power politics, particularly the US-China contestation. Considering ASEAN’s aspirations to maintain its centrality in guaranteeing the region’s peace and stability, this literature review concludes that ASEAN must take political and academic action if it seeks to maintain its current trajectory."