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"This thesis asks what is wrong with legal development in Indonesia? Adat law, forestry law and land law are used as primary vehicle of analysis, because adat law is the oldest form of law existing in Indonesia and is still widely followed especially among the rural population, still the majority of people in Indonesia. Statutes regarding forestry and land are the formal laws which have the most profound effect on adat law communities. The thesis finds, first, that formal law enforcement in Indonesia is disappointing and this has led to a popular mistrust of the formal legal system. Second, it finds most of the population are still unfamiliar with formal legal norms. This is the result of a clash between, on the one hand, the conceptual notions relied upon by Indonesian government in establishing the law (based on assumption that 'the people will follow the law'), and, on the other, those norms central to adat law ('the law will follow people's customs'). This fundamental conflict in grundnorm inevitably leads to disputes in connection with land, particularly in forest areas. These are made worse because rights are not properly enforced and dispute settlement procedures are ineffective. As a result the Indonesian land and forestry law regime is dysfunctional. This has adverse impacts on rural populations, especially adat law communities, in the sense that their land-related rights are weak, ignored or ineffective. The thesis recommends that the formal law-making process should be reformed to better adopt a key element of adat law-making process, that is, public acceptance, through improved consultation and public education. More specifically in relation to land and forestry law, the thesis recommends that formal law expressly acknowledge and protect adat communities and their adat land rights, especially, communal interests in land {ulayat rights). This should be done by new provisions that would: have binding force; allow formal registration of such interests; exclude adat forestland from the definition of state forestland; and acknowledge adat communities as legal persons."

"Hutan seharusnya dapat dikelola dengan melibatkan masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitar kawasan hutan, secara khusus termasuk pula masyarakat hukum adat yang telah ada sebelum masa kemerdekaan Indonesia dan masih eksis hingga saat ini. Keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam kegiatan pengelolaan hutan telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan yang mana dalam proses pemenuhannya dilakukan melalui serangkaian prosedur dan persyaratan. Dalam kenyatannya masih banyak wilayah hutan Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang masih belum diakui. Satu diantara sekian banyak wilayah adat, ditemukan kasus keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi yang terletak di Kabupaten Sukabumi belum mendapatkan pengakuan negara sehingga Hak Pengelolaan Hutannya belum dipenuhi. Penelitian ini akan mencoba menguraikan permasalahan tersebut dan menguraikan prosedur dan prasyarat pemenuhan Hak Pengelolaan Hutan oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat, khususnya Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi. Metode penulisan dalam skripsi ini adalah yuridis-normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa prosedur dan prasyarat pemenuhan Hak Pengelolaan Hutan oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada.

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Forests should be managed by involving communities living around forest areas, specifically including Adat Law Community that have existed before Indonesian independence until present day. The existence Adat Law Community in forest management activities has been regulated in Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry, which in the compliance process is done through series of procedures and requirements. Yet, thousand hectar areas adat law communitys areas still unrecognized by the government. It is discovered that the existence of Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi Adat Law Community has not gained state recognition, in which, leads to its Forest Management Rights has not been fulfilled.

This study attempts to elaborate on the issue and outline the shortcomings in regulation regarding the procedures and prerequisites for the fulfillment of the Forest Management Rights of Adat Law Community. The method of writing in this thesis is juridical normative.The results of this study indicate that procedures and prerequisites for the fulfillment of the Forest Management Rights of Adat Law Community existing in Indonesian legislation are not synchronized with one another."

"This article compares Indonesia legal system and Malaysian legal system. The government legalized Islamic law in national legislations, which are in effect for Muslim people. To facilitate dispute settlement, there is a religious court to solve Islamic dispute based on Islamic law. The existence of Islamic law in Indonesia and Malaysia has similarity and differentiation. The similarties among others are: the Muslim-majority in both countries pushes the government to put Islamic law into force, Islamic law must be written into constitution or legislation. It is needed to have legal basis when performing Islamic law, the existence of religious court is very important in dispute settlement related to Islamic law. The influence of western legal system is very strong in national legal system. Nevertheless, the western legal system differs substantially from Islamic legal system, and Islamic law was implemented limitedly based upon western legislation. It was limited to family law. While the differentiations are: the way of implementation of western legal system into national legal system and the form of legislation. Indonesia has one legislation, which is in effect to all of Indonesia people. On the contrary, Malaysia has many enactments, which are different from one to another in each negeri."

"This study aims to describe and analyze the development of the harmonization of international conventions of migrant workers rights with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act and to examine the process of adopting the substance of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act. This study uses legal normative research method by reviewing principles, concepts of law and related legislations and regulations. The results of this study shows that: harmonization of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into Law No. 18 of 2017 is carried out through a transformation that refers to the position of international conventions in Indonesian national law; and the substance of international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers is adopted through two processes which are a political process of discussion of Amendment of Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 by the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia and civil society organizations and a legal processof referring Law No. 6 of 2012 in Amendment to Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 version of May 2016 and identifying seven findings to compare the Law No. 18 of 2017 and the ratification law of the Convention."

"ABSTRAKUrusan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia merupakan kewenangan pemerintah pusat sebagaimana dalam Pasal 10 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah. Tetapi faktanya banyak peraturan daerah yang mengatur kehidupan beragama, sehingga hal ini tentu menimbulkan masalah. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis mencoba mengupas permasalahan norma dalam peraturan daerah yang mengatur kehidupan beragama di Indonesia dan desain pengaturan kehidupan beragama yang ideal dalam sistem ketatanegaraan di Indonesia sesuai Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

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ABSTRACT

Indonesian religious life is in under authority of the central government as in Article 10 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on Regional Government. In fact, many local regulations governing related to religious life, so that it would cause problems. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the problems in the regulatory norms of religious life in Indonesia and the design of an ideal religious life settings in the constitutional system in Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945."

"A new scheme called ?Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries plus Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks? (REDD+) is being discussed to be one of the essential elements of the post-2012 global climate change regime. Many countries have put their proposal on the architectures of such scheme to the UNFCCC and demonstrated pilot projects on the ground as well. The research has been conducted to analyze critically the extent to which the REDD+ architecture being designed in Indonesia would be able to deliver climate effectiveness, costs efficient, equity outcomes and social and environmental co-benefits (3E+). It is argued that the basic idea of REDD+ is very simple to incentivize emission-reduction activities from forestry sectors in developing countries. However, so far, the REDD+ architecture appears to contain several contentious issues. Therefore, the issues should be addressed seriously otherwise they would undermine the REDD+ objectives."

"The issue of law enforcement is central to land property rights. Modes of property rightsenforcement can be performed either with or without intervention of the state. This article focuseson the latter mode of enforcement; that is, how people manage to enforce their land rights withoutthe involvement of state institutions and to what extent informal arrangements can offer effectiveenforcement and secure land property rights. This article also contributes to the debate on howformal and informal institutions can be used to secure property rights and resolve disputes overland ownership. In particular, this paper examines how the people of Flores, East Nusa TenggaraProvince, settle land disputes among themselves. Many available studies indicate that the residentsof Flores rely heavily on informal land dispute resolution based on adat (customary) law ratherthan formal or legal rules. Adat provides certain sense of security and has been proven effective inresolving conflicts in a relatively closed and homogenous community. Moreover, it offers greateraccessibility, flexibility and legitimacy that support reconciliation process between the disputingparties.Isu penegakan hukum merupakan masalah inti dalam perlindungan hak-hak kebendaan atastanah. Perlindungan atas hak kebendaan tersebut dapat diberikan baik oleh Negara maupunoleh aktor-aktor lain selain Negara. Artikel ini fokus pada perlindungan yang diberikan olehaktor bukan Negara, yaitu bagaimana masyarakat mampu untuk melindungi hak-hak kebendaanmereka tanpa keterlibatan institusi Negara. Pertanyaannya adalah,sejauh mana institusi informaldapat bekerja secara efektif untuk memberikan perlindungan atas hak kebendaan atas tanah?Artikel ini juga berkontribusi terhadap debat mengenai bagaimana institusi formal dan informaldipergunakan oleh masyarakat untuk melindungi hak milik mereka dan untuk menyelesaikankonflik terkait dengan tanah dalam masyarakat. Secara khusus, artikel ini membahas mengenaibagaimana masyarakat di Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur mempergunakan hukum adat untukmenyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwamasyarakat Flores masih sangat bergantung kepada mekanisme hukum Adat ketimbang hukumnasional. Hukum Adat terbukti memberikan perlindungan kuat terhadap hak kebendaan dandapat mengatasi konflik secara efektif, terutama dalam sebuah komunitaskecil yang homogen.Selain itu, hukum Adat memberikan akses yang lebih besar, lebih fleksible, dan memiliki legitimasiyang kuat dalam proses rekonsilitasi diantara para pihak yang bersengketa."

"This volume of essays contributes to the understanding of global law reform by questioning the assumption in law and development theory that laws fail to transfer because of shortcomings in project design and implementation. It brings together leading scholars who demonstrate that a synthesis of law and development, comparative law and regulatory perspectives (disciplines which to date have remained intellectually isolated from each other) can produce a more nuanced understanding about development failures. Arguing for a refocusing of the analysis onto the social demand for legal transfers, and drawing on empirically rich case studies, contributors explore what recipients in developing countries think about global legal reforms. This analytical focus generates insights into how key actors in developing countries understand global law reforms and how to better predict how legal reforms are likely to play out in recipient countries"-- Provided by publisher.Machine generated contents note: 1. Interpreting legal transfers: the implications for law and development John Gillespie and Pip Nicholson; Part I. Theorising Legal Transfers Towards an Interpretative Analysis: 2. Relocating global legal scripts in local networks of meaning John Gillespie; 3. International and domestic selective adaptation: the case of Charter 08 Pitman Potter; 4. Rights and regulation as a framework for exploring reverse legal transfers: hegemony and counter-hegemony in the Bolivian water sector Bronwen Morgan; Part II. Re-interpreting Universalised Standards of Practice: TRIPS and Human Rights Norms: 5. The transfer of pharmaceutical patent laws: the case of India's Paragraph 3(d) Christopher Arup; 6. Between rhetoric and reality: the use of international human rights norms in law reform debates in China Sarah Biddulph; Part III. Re-interpreting the Rule of Law as Transfer: 7. Between global norms and domestic realities: judicial reforms in China Randall Peerenboom; 8. Official discourses and court-oriented legal reform in Vietnam Pip Nicholson and Simon Pitt; 9. Constructing law from development: cause lawyers, generational narratives, and the rule of law in Thailand Frank Munger; Part IV. Re-interpreting Global Family and Religious Norms: 10. Family law transfers from Europe to Africa: lessons for the methodology of comparative legal research Mark Van Hoecke; 11. Resistible force meets malleable object: the story of the 'introduction' of norms of gender equality into Japanese employment practice Frank Upham; 12. Discordant voices on the status of Islam under the Malaysian constitution Elsa Satkunasingam; 13. Unpacking a global norm in a local context: an historical overview of the epistemic communities that are shaping Zakat practice in Malaysia Kerstin Steiner."