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"Wabah COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) telah menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. Para peneliti berupaya untuk mengetahui dan mengembangkan obat-obatan yang berpotensi dalam melawan penyakit ini dengan mengevaluasi kembali obat yang kemungkinan dapat melawan virus ini. Oseltamivir dan favipiravir merupaka obat yang disetujui untuk pengobatan dan menunjukkan aktivitas ampuh melawan SARS-CoV-2. Namun, pengobatan definitif dari wabah ini belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek oseltamivir dan favipiravir pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 terhadap luaran klinis dan lama rawat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dan retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien rawat inap periode Maret hingga Oktober 2020. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Total sampel 114 pasien dengan 98 pasien (86%) menerima terapi oseltamivir dan 16 pasien (14%) menerima favipiravir. Proporsi pasien dengan luaran klinis sembuh adalah 101 pasien (88,6%) sedangkan 11 pasien meninggal (11,4%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki lama rawat ≤ 14 hari (58,8%) sedangkan pasien dengan lama rawat > 14 hari sebanyak 41,2%. Efek antivirus (oseltamivir dan favipiravir) terhadap luaran klinis tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,690, OR=0,478, IK95% 0,058-3,950). Hubungan antara antivirus terhadap lama rawat juga tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,852, OR=0,767, IK95% 0,251-2,342). Variabel independen lain yang mempengaruhi luaran klinis ialah derajat keparahan (p=0,004) dan komorbid (p=0,009) sedangkan variabel lain yang mempengaruhi lama rawat ialah usia (p=0,005). Pada studi ini dengan data Maret hingga Oktober 2020 menunjukkan bahwa oseltamivir dan favipiravir tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap luaran klinis maupun lama rawat pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat tetapi studi lebih lanjut tetap diperlukan.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a worldwide pandemic. It has led researchers to develop drugs to fight against this ailment. Repurposed drugs have been evaluated to accelerate the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Oseltamivir and Favipiravir are drugs approved for the treatment of influenza. Both drugs have shown potent activity against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, definitive treatment of this outbreak has not been confirmed yet. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oseltamivir and favipiravir in patients with confirmed COVID-19 on clinical outcomes and length of stay. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study using medical record data. The study was conducted at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta between March to October 2020. In this study, 98 patients (86.0%) received oseltamivir, while 16 patients (14.0%) received favipiravir. The mortality rate was 11.4% (13 patients), while the recovered was 88.6% (103 patients). Most of the patients had LoS (Length of Stay) of ≤ 14 (58.8%), while patients with LoS > 14 days were 41.2%. Antivirals (oseltamivir and favipiravir) effect on clinical outcome was not statistically significant (p = 0.690; OR = 0.478; CI95% 0.058-3.950) .Likewise, the association between antivirals and LoS was not statistically significant (p = 0.852; OR = 0.767; CI95% 0.251-2.342). Other independent variables that affect the clinical outcome are the degree of severity (p=0.004) and comorbidities (p=0.009), while another variable that affects the length of stay is age (p=0.005). In conclusion, oseltamivir and favipiravir were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes and length of stays in COVID-19 patients on March to October 2020. We hope this study will provide useful information about COVID-19 therapy. However, further study needs."

"Pandemi Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) telah secara drastis mempengaruhi kesehatan global. Salah satu komplikasi COVID-19 yang berbahaya adalah pneumonia. Berbagai jenis antibiotik telah digunakan untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan pneumonia pada pasien COVID-19. Pemberian antibiotik yang tidak sesuai dapat memicu resistensi antibiotik sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan mortalitas pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik berdasarkan diagram alir Gyssen terhadap luaran klinis pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan pneumonia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 72 pasien rawat inap yang mendapat diagnosis COVID-19 terkonfimasi dan pneumonia di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta pada periode Maret hingga Desember 2020 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan pneumonia memiliki rerata usia 53,13 ± 12,61 tahun. Pasien dengan derajat penyakit COVID-19 berat atau kritis (66,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan non-berat (33,3%). Jumlah pasien meninggal yang dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 (50%). Berdasarkan evaluasi antibiotik menggunakan diagram alir Gyssen diperoleh hasil sejumlah 11 dari 72 (15,3%) pasien menggunakan regimen antibiotik yang tidak sesuai. Karakteristik ketidaksesuaian antibiotik, meliputi: ketidaktepatan pemilihan antibiotik (2,8%) dan durasi antibiotik (12,5%). Kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik berdasarkan diagram alir Gyssen tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap luaran klinis pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dan pneumonia.

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The COVID-19 pandemic affected global health drastically. COVID-19 becomes more dangerous if pneumonia attacks COVID-19 patients as a complication. Numerous types of antibiotics were used for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Inappropriate administration of antibiotics caused antibiotic resistance and influenced patient mortality. This research aims to analyze the effect of appropriate antibiotics administration according to Gyssen flowchart on clinical outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design. A total of 72 COVID-19 confirmed inpatients with pneumonia diagnosis from March to December 2020 at Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta whose met inclusion criteria were included in our study. The mean age of all patients was 53.13 ± 12.61 years. The percentage of critical or severe ill patients (66.7%) was higher than those who were having noncritical diseases (33.3%). 36 (50%) death were reported in our patient population. 11/72 (15.3%) antibiotic regimens were found to be inappropriate. Characteristics of inappropriate antibiotics included: incorrect choice (2.8%) and duration of antibiotics (12.5%). We conclude that appropriate administration of antibiotics based on the gyssen flowchart was not significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia patients."

"Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) berkaitan dengan perburukan dan kematian akibat COVID-19. Pasien COVID-19 dengan PGK yang menjalani rawat inap banyak diberikan antivirus dan/atau antibiotik yang memerlukan penyesuaian dosis. Penyesuaian dosis dianalisis berdasarkan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) pasien yang diestimasi dengan metode CKD-EPI. Studi cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyesuaian dosis antivirus dan/atau antibiotik pada pasien COVID-19 dengan PGK terhadap luaran terapi dan durasi rawat inap di RSUD Pasar Minggu Jakarta periode Januari hingga Desember 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling.  Hasil menemukan 70 pasien (51,1%) dari 137 pasien menerima dosis antivirus dan/atau antibiotik yang tidak sesuai anjuran pedoman. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa pasien dengan dosis sesuai memiliki kecenderungan sebesar 2,236 kali lebih tinggi untuk mencapai luaran terapi perbaikan dibandingkan pasien dengan dosis tidak sesuai (p = 0,032). Faktor lain yang memengaruhi luaran terapi adalah usia (p = 0,000) dan derajat keparahan COVID-19 (p = 0,000). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara kesesuaian dosis dan durasi rawat inap (p = 0,303). Faktor lain yang memengaruhi durasi rawat inap pasien COVID-19 dengan PGK adalah derajat keparahan COVID (p = 0,020), stage PGK (p = 0,020), komorbid selain PGK (p = 0,062), dan luaran terapi (p = 0,001).

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with worsening and death from COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with CKD who are hospitalized are often given antivirals and/or antibiotics that require dose adjustments. Dose adjustment can be analyzed based on the patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by the CKD-EPI method. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the dose adjustment of antiviral and/or antibiotic and analyze its relation with therapeutic outcomes and length of stay of COVID-19 patients with CKD at Pasar Minggu Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2021. This study used a total sampling technique. Results found that 70 patients (51.1%) of 137 patients received inappropriate doses. Results of Chi-square test showed that patients with appropriate doses had a tendency of 2,236 times higher to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes than patients with inappropriate doses (p = 0.032). Other factors that influenced therapeutic outcomes were age (p = 0.000) and severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.000). Results of Mann-Whitney U test showed no relationship between dose adjustments and length of stay (p = 0.303). Other factors that influenced length of stay were the severity of COVID (p = 0.020), CKD stage (p = 0.020), comorbidities other than CKD (p = 0.062), and therapeutic outcomes (p = 0.001)."

"Vaksinasi dan penggunaan antivirus remdesivir dan favipiravir merupakan strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan COVID-19. Namun penelitian tentang pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap efektivitas terapi antivirus pada pasien COVID-19 secara klinis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap efektivitas terapi remdesivir dan favipiravir pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif dilakukan di rumah sakit Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Data diambil dari rekam medis RS periode Januari 2021 hingga Agustus 2022. Efektivitas terapi ditentukan dengan menilai kelompok sudah vaksin dan belum vaksin berdasarkan perbaikan kondisi klinis pasien, lama rawat inap, dan kematian pada pasien COVID-19. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi klinis, lama rawat inap, dan kematian (p < 0,05) pada pasien yang diberi terapi remdesivir dan telah divaksin dibandingkan dengan pasien yang belum divaksin. Pada pasien yang diberi terapi favipiravir vaksinasi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi klinis, lama rawat inap, dan kematian pada pasien yang telah divaksin dibandingkan dengan pasien yang belum vaksin. Vaksinasi memiliki pengaruh yang baik terhadap efektivitas terapi remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19, yaitu dapat meningkatkan perbaikan kondisi klinis pasien kearah yang lebih baik, mengurangi lama rawat inap dan kematian. Namun tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efektivitas terapi favipiravir.

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Vaccination and the use of the antivirals remdesivir and favipiravir are strategies that can be used to suppress the growth of COVID-19. However, clinical research on the effect of vaccination on the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in COVID-19 patients is still limited. This study aims to analyze the effect of vaccination on the effectiveness of remdesivir and favipiravir therapy in patients with confirmed COVID-19. This study was an observational study with a retrospective cohort design conducted at Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok. Data were taken from medical records for the period from January 2021 to August 2022. The effectiveness of therapy was determined by assessing the vaccine and non-vaccine groups based on improvement in the patient's clinical condition, length of stay, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The results of the analysis showed that vaccination had a significant effect on improving clinical condition, length of stay, and mortality (p <0.05) in patients who were given remdesivir therapy and vaccinated compared to patients who not vaccinated. In patients who were given favipiravir, the vaccination did not show a significant effect on improving clinical conditions, length of stay, and death in patients who had been vaccinated compared to patients who not vaccinated. Vaccination has a positive effect on the effectiveness of remdesivir therapy in COVID-19 patients, which can improve the patient's clinical condition, reducing length of stay and mortality. However, it does not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of favipiravir therapy."

"Lama rawat inap diduga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai fakor kompleks diantaranya sosio-demografis, gizi, dan kondisi klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosio-demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, status pekerjaan, status pernikahan, kelas rawat inap), gizi (asupan energi, asupan protein, status gizi, dan risiko malnutrisi), dan kondisi klinis (tingkat keparahan, komorbiditas, riwayat rawat inap stroke) terhadap lama rawat inap pasien stroke iskemik. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional melibatkan 150 pasien stroke iskemik usia 18-59 tahun di RSPON Prof.Dr.dr. Mahar Mardjono melalui metode purposive sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan chi-squarepada bivariat dan regresi logistik pada multivariat. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas pasien memiliki lama rawat inap pendek (78%). Tidak ada perbedaan proporsi antara usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, status pekerjaan, status pernikahan, kelas rawat inap, risiko malnutrisi, tingkat keparahan, komorbiditas, atau riwayat rawat inap stroke terhadap lama rawat inap bagi pasien stroke iskemik (p>0,05). Melalui analisis bivariat ada perbedan proporsi status gizi terhadap lama rawat inap (p=0,026), namun ketika dikontrol dengan variabel lain keduanya tidak signifikan (p=0,888). Ada perbedaan proporsi antara asupan energi (p=0,001) dan protein (p=0,001) terhadap lama rawat inap pasien stroke iskemik. Pada permodelan akhir asupan energi (OR=165,4; CI:4,27-6404,3) dan protein (OR=547,94; CI: 19,86-15116,4) defisit berhubungan signifikan dan berisiko meningkatkan lama rawat inap panjang pasien stroke iskemik. Asupan protein menjadi faktor dominan terhadap lama rawat inap.

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Multifactorial aspects such as sociodemographic, nutrition, and clinical condition were related to length of stay among ischaemic stroke patients. The aim of the study was to explore the association between sociodemographic (age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, and type of class), nutrition (energy intake, protein intake, nutritional status, and risk of malnutrition) and clinical condition (severity, comorbidity, and previous history of stroke) with length of stay in ischaemic stroke patients. Design of the study was cross-sectional. The study recruited 150 ischaemic stroke patients aged from 18 to 59 years old at National Brain Center Hospital Prof.Dr.dr. Mahar Mardjono Jakarta. Data was analysed by using chi-square test for bivariate and logistic regression for multivariate. Most of of ischaemic stroke patients had shorted length-of-stay (78%). There was no difference proportion between age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, type of class, risk of malnutrition, severity, comorbidity, or previous history of stroke and length of stay in ischaemic stroke patients (all p>0.05). Based on bivariate analysis, there was a difference proportion between nutritional status and length of stay (p=0.026), but not significant when controlled with other variables (p=0.888). There was a difference proportion between energy intake (p=0.001) or protein intake (p=0.001) and length of stay. Patients who had inadequate energy intake (OR=165.4; CI:4,27-6404.3) and protein intake (OR=547.94; CI: 19.86-15116.4) significantly related and increased the risk of prolonged hospital length of stay in ischaemic stroke patients. Protein intake was dominant determinant factor of length of stay in ischaemic stroke patients."

"COVID-19 atau coronavirus disease 2019 adalah penyakit menular yang memengaruhi sistem organ, terutama sistem pernapasan dan disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Individu yang terinfeksi COVID-19 memiliki tingkat keparahan yang berbeda. Salah satu faktor yang berasosiasi terhadap tingkat keparahan pasien COVID-19 adalah usia. Tingkat keparahan yang tinggi pada kondisi seseorang cenderung mempengaruhi banyaknya treatment yang dibutuhkan, hingga akhirnya juga mempengaruhi waktu yang dibutuhkan seseorang tersebut untuk sembuh. Penelitian ini berfokus pada faktor usia, dimana faktor tersebut diduga menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik tertentu dari pasien dan durasi rawat yang dibutuhkan oleh pasien COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan karakteristik pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan kelompok usia, dan mengidentifikasi bagaimana kaitan usia terhadap durasi rawat pasien COVID-19 hingga mengalami kematian, perbaikan kondisi COVID, dan rawat jalan. Analisis perbandingan karakteristik pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan kelompok usia dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode exploratory data analysis (EDA). Selanjutnya metode EDA dan regression tree diterapkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kaitan usia terhadap durasi rawat pasien COVID-19 hingga mengalami kematian, perbaikan kondisi, dan rawat jalan. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat kecenderungan perbedaan pada pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan kelompok usia jika dilihat berdasarkan faktor jenis kelamin, durasi rawat, status akhir, gejala, komorbid, komplikasi, dan pengukuran laboratorium darah. Selain itu, usia merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam memperkirakan durasi rawat pasien COVID-19 dengan faktor lainnya adalah hipertensi, klorida, HPR, PWR, MLR dan gejala demam.

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COVID-19 or coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease that affects the organ systems, especially the respiratory system and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Individuals infected with COVID-19 have different levels of severity. One of the factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients is age. The severity level of a person tends to affect the number of treatments needed, and therefore will affect the time it takes for the person to recover. This study focuses on age, where this factor is suspected to cause differences in certain characteristics of COVID-19 patients and length of hospital stay required by COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics comparison of COVID-19 patients by age group, and to identify on how age affects the length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients to death, improved conditions, or outpatient care. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients by age group is done using exploratory data analysis (EDA). Furthermore, EDA and regression tree are used to find out how age is related to the length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients to death, improved COVID conditions, or outpatient care. The results show that there was tendency of differences in gender, length of hospital stay, clinical outcome, symptoms, comorbidities, complications, and blood laboratory measurements in COVID-19 patients based on age group. In addition, age is a major consideration in estimating the length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients with other factors such as hypertension, chloride, HPR, PWR, MLR and fever."

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit multisistemik yang melibatkan kaskade imunologi, inflamasi, dan koagulasi. Biomarker di sirkulasi yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kondisi inflamasi dan status imun dapat digunakan dalam mendiagnosis dan menilai prognosis pasien COVID-19. Parameter hematologi rutin, mudah dilakukan, biaya terjangkau dan cepat, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi awal sistem imun pasien yang dapat dihubungkan dengan outcome penyakit. Nilai RNL, RML dan RTL dapat mendeteksi dini kecurigaan perburukan kondisi pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case-control yang melibatkan 206 data subjek yang terdiri atas 141 subjek luaran baik dan 65 subjek luaran buruk. Dijumpai perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL, RML dan RTL antara kelompok luaran baik dan buruk. Nilai titik potong optimal RNL, RML dan RTL berturut-turut adalah ≥5,43; ≥0,46 dan ≥196,34 untuk mendiskriminasi luaran buruk. Area Under Curve (AUC) untuk RNL adalah 0,825 (0,766-0,884), sensitivitas 76,9%, spesifisitas 73,8%; AUC RML 0,763 (0,692-0,833), sensitivitas 73,8%, spesifisitas 68,1% dan AUC RTL 0,617 (0,528-0,705), sensitivitas 63,1%, spesifisitas 60,3%. Usia >30 tahun (OR=2,59; IK95% 1,34-5,02), adanya komorbid (OR=2,21; IK95% 1,28-3,81), RNL ≥5,43 (OR=4,60; IK95% 2,07-10,26) dan RML ≥0,46 (OR=2,09; IK95% 0,93-4,67) berhubungan dengan luaran buruk pasien COVID-19.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic disease involving immunologic, inflammatory, and coagulation cascades. Biomarkers in circulation which can provide information on inflammatory conditions and immune status can be used in diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Hematology parameters are routinely performed, easy, affordable and fast, so it can provide preliminary information on the patient's immune system that linked to disease outcomes. NLR, MLR and TLR values can detect early suspicion of worsening conditions of COVID-19 patients. This study used a nested case-control design involving 206 subjects data consisting of 141 subjects with good outcomes and 65 subjects poor outcomes. A significant difference was found in the values of NLR, MLR and TLR between the two groups. The optimal cut-off point values of NLR, MLR and TLR were ≥5.43; ≥0.46 and ≥196.34, respectively, to discriminate against poor outcomes. The Area Under Curve (AUC) for NLR was 0.825 (0.66-0.884), sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 73.8%; MLR was 0.763 (0.692-0.833), sensitivity 73.8%, specificity 68.1% and TLR was 0.617 (0.528-0.705), sensitivity 63.1%, specificity 60.3%. Age >30 years (OR=2.59; 95% CI 1.34-5.02), presence of comorbidities (OR=2.21; 95% CI 1.28-3.81), NLR ≥5.43 (OR=4.60; 95% CI 2.07-10.26) and MLR ≥0.46 (OR=2.09; 95% CI 0.93-4.67) were associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients."

"Latar belakang: Situasi global akan efek pandemic menuntut pelayanan keperawatan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan teknologi CCTV, sehingga perilaku caring perawat yang merupakan inti dari keperawatan harus digantikan dengan penggunaan teknologi CCTV yang menimbulkan persepsi pasien tentang perilaku caring perawat. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara kompetensi teknologi penggunaan CCTV dengan perilaku caring perawat di ruangan isolasi COVID-19 menurut persepsi pasien COVID-19 di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Metode: deskriptif korelasi, pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel 140 pasien COVID-19 diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan: A:karakteristik pasien, B:Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Inventory (TCCNI), dan C:The Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions Scale (CNPI-23P). Analisis meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: proporsi perawat yang kurang kompeten sebesar 51,4%. Perilaku caring perawat baik sebesar 52,1%. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kompetensi teknologi penggunaan CCTV (p value=0,001), pendidikan (p value=0,003), frekuensi dirawat (p Value=0,001) dengan perilaku caring perawat menurut persepsi pasien. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p value=0,067), jenis kelamin (p value=0,666), lama dirawat (p value=0,937) dengan perilaku caring perawat menurut persepsi pasien. Kesimpulan: Kompetensi teknologi penggunaan CCTV 31 kali mempengaruhi peningkatan perilaku caring perawat dibandingkan perawat yang kurang kompeten, tanpa dikontrol oleh faktor determinan. Rekomendasi: Membuat regulasi tentang penggunaan teknologi CCTV di ruangan isolasi COVID-19. Mengembangkan program pelatihan penggunaan teknologi CCTV berbasis caring.

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Background: The global situation of pandemic effect demands nursing services optimize the utilization of CCTV technology, so caring nurse behavior that is the core of nursing should be replaced with the use of CCTV technology that gives rise to the patient's perception of caring nurse behavior. Objective: to know the relationship between the competence of CCTV technology and caring behavior of nurses in the isolation room of COVID-19 according to the perception of COVID-19 patients at RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Method: descriptive correlation, cross sectional approach. A sample of 140 COVID-19 patients was taken by purposive sampling method. Instruments used: A:patient characteristics, B:Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Inventory (TCCNI), and C:The Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions Scale (CNPI-23P). Analysis includes univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The proportion of incompetent nurses was 51.4%. Caring nurse behavior was good at 52.1%. There is a meaningful relationship between the technological competence of using CCTV (p value=0.001), education (p value=0.003), frequency of treatment (p Value=0.001) with caring behavior of nurses according to patient perception. There is no meaningful relationship between age (p value=0.067), gender (p value=0.666), length of care (p value=0.937) with caring behavior of nurses according to patient perception. Conclusion: The competence of cctv technology use 31 times affects the improvement of caring behavior of nurses compared to incompetent nurses, without being controlled by determinant factors. Recommendation: Make regulations on the use of CCTV technology in COVID-19 isolation rooms. Develop training programs for the use of cctv technology based on caring."

"Penelitian mengenai efektivitas favipiravir pada COVID-19 di beberapa negara memberikan hasil yang beragam. Studi populasi Indonesia masih terbatas pada derajat sedang dan berat. Evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan favipiravir pada tingkat keparahan ringan dan sedang diperlukan dalam melengkapi pedoman terapi dengan bukti yang sesuai. Penelitian dilakukan secara kohor retrospektif menggunakan rekam medis pasien COVID-19 derajat ringan dan sedang yang dirawat di RS Grha Permata Ibu Depok pada Juli 2020 hingga 2021. Efektivitas dinilai berdasarkan perbaikan klinis saat keluar rumah sakit, hasil PCR akhir, status oksigenasi, dan durasi rawat. 192 rekam medis pasien rawat inap COVID-19 dibagi dalam kelompok favipiravir (n=96) dan non-favipiravir (n=96). Favipiravir memberikan perbaikan klinis yang lebih baik dengan effect size yang kecil (p=0,038; RR=1,19; 95% CI=1,02-1,39). Namun setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jumlah komorbid, dan oksigenasi awal, pemberian favipiravir meningkat menjadi 2,55 kali lebih efektif daripada non-favipiravir. Favipiravir juga memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada hasil PCR akhir serta durasi rawat inap (p=0,009 ; 0,002) namun tidak memberikan perbedaan dalam status oksigenasi (p=0,097). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada proporsi kejadian yang tidak diinginkan (KTD) selama pemberian favipiravir (30%) dan non-favipiravir (23%) (p=0,33). Pemberian favipiravir secara signifikan terkait dengan peningkatan perbaikan klinis pasien COVID-19. KTD yang muncul selama terapi relatif aman.

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Research on the effectiveness of favipiravir against COVID-19 has yielded mixed results in several countries. Study in Indonesian population was still limited in moderate to severe COVID-19. Assess the efficacy and safety of favipiravir at mild to moderate severity is necessary to complement therapy guidelines with appropriate evidence. The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort using medical records of COVID-19 hospitalized patients at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital Depok from July 2020 to 2021. Efficacy was assessed using clinical improvement at discharge, final PCR results, oxygenation status, and lenght of stay. Medical records of 192 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were divided into favipiravir (n=96) and non-favipiravir (n=96) groups. Favipiravir provided better clinical improvement with small effect size (p=0.038; RR=1.19; 95% CI=1.02-1.39). However, after controlling age, number of comorbidities, and initial oxygenation variables, favipiravir 2.55 times more potent than non-favipiravir. Favipiravir also had a significant effect on final PCR results and length of stay (p=0.009;0.002), but has no difference in oxygenation status (p=0.097). There was no difference in the adverse drug reactions during treatment with antiviruses (p=0.33). Favipiravir administration was significantly associated with enhanced clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients. Side effects that occur during treatment are relatively safe."

"Diketahui bahwa insidensi infeksi sekunder bakterial cukup tinggi pada pasien ICU COVID-19 yang diduga dapat memengaruhi kondisi kesehatan pasien. Penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara infeksi sekunder bakterial terhadap lama rawat serta outcome mortalitas pasien ICU COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap data rekam medis pasien ICU COVID-19 di RSCM menggunakan desain penelitian cohort retrospektif. Data yang dihimpun berupa data demografis (usia dan jenis kelamin), status infeksi sekunder bakterial, lama rawat, dan outcome mortalitas. Analisis hubungan infeksi sekunder bakterial dengan lama rawat dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linear, sedangkan hubungan infeksi sekunder bakterial dengan mortalitas dilakukan dengan analisis regresi logistik biner. Dari 173 pasien ICU COVID-19 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, hampir separuhnya (47,98%; n=83) mengalami infeksi sekunder bakterial. Median usia pasien secara keseluruhan adalah 20 (1–80) tahun, dengan 54,9% pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Adanya infeksi sekunder bakterial dinilai memperpanjang lama rawat pasien selama 12,5 hari (R=0,911; B coefficient=12,486; p=0,000). Selain itu, infeksi sekunder bakterial juga meningkatkan risiko kematian sebesar 3,993 kali lipat (OR=3,993; CI=95%; p=0,020). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi sekunder bakterial dengan lama rawat dan outcome mortalitas pasien.

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It is known that the incidence of secondary bacterial infections is quite high among COVID-19 patients in the ICU, which is suspected to affect the patients' health conditions. This study examines the relationship between secondary bacterial infections and the length of stay as well as the mortality outcome of COVID-19 ICU patients. The research was conducted on the medical records of COVID-19 ICU patients at RSCM using a retrospective cohort study design. Data collected included demographic information (age and gender), the status of secondary bacterial infections, length of stay, and mortality outcome. The relationship between secondary bacterial infections and the length of stay was analyzed through linear regression, while the association between secondary bacterial infections and mortality was examined using binary logistic regression. Out of 173 COVID-19 ICU patients who met the inclusion criteria, almost half (47.98%, n=83) experienced secondary bacterial infections. The overall median age of the patients was 20 years (range: 1–80 years), with 54.9% of patients being male. The presence of secondary bacterial infections was found to significantly extend the length of stay for patients by 12.5 days (R=0.911; B coefficient=12.486; p=0.000). Additionally, secondary bacterial infections increased the risk of mortality by 3.993 times (OR=3.993; CI=95%; p=0.020). Hence, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between secondary bacterial infections, the length of stay, and the mortality outcome of patients."