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"Now in a fully updated Fifth Edition, Shnider and Levinson's Anesthesia for Obstetrics, continues to provide the comprehensive coverage that has made it the leading reference in the field. The rising number of Cesarean births and the more advanced age of first-time mothers in the United States have brought with them an increased risk for complications, making the role of the obstetric anesthesiologist increasingly"

"LATAR BELAKANG : Kombinasi anestetik lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid yaitu bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg dan 5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg diharapkan keefektifannya untuk memfasilitasi bedah Caesar, yaitu dengan cara menurunkan angka kejadian hipotensi dan kualitas analgesia serta blok motorik yang adekuat. METODE : 112 pasien hamil usia 18-40 tahun yang akan menjalani bedah Caesar baik cito maupun elektif ASA I-III yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Randomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok; kelompok I mendapatkan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg dan kelompok II mendapatkan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Posisi pasien kedua kelompok yaitu posisi duduk dengan pungsi lumbal setinggi L3-4/L4-5.Total volume 2 cc disuntikkan dengan kecepatan 0,2 cc/detik.Kemudian telentang dengan posisi left lateral tilt. Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah pada menit ke-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 atau sampai bayi lahir setelah disuntikkannya obat anestetik lokal ke ruang subaraknoid. Dilakukan pencatatan tercapai blok motorik dan sensorik sampai operasi selesai. HASIL : Keefektifan pada kelompok I 89,3 % dan kelompok II 76,8 %. KESIMPULAN : Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna mengenai keefektifan pada kedua kelompok subyek penelitian.

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BACKGROUND : the combination of low doses local anesthetics with opioid is 0,5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine 7,5 and 5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg is expected to facilitate the effectiveness cesarean that is by way of reducing the incidence of hypotension and the quality of analgesia and motor block adequate.

METHOD : 112 pregnant patients aged 18-40 years who underwent emergency surgery or elective cesarean both ASA I-III corresponding inclusion criteria. Randomization into 2 groups: group 1 receive hyperbaric bupivacaine 0,5 % 7,5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg and group 2 get hyperbaric bupivacaine 0,5 % 5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg. The position of the two groups are seated position with lumbar puncture as high as L3-4/L4-5. The total volume of 2 ml injected with a speed of 0,2 ml/sec. then supine with left lateral tilt position. Did recording of blood pressure in minute-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or until the baby was born after injection of local anesthetics into subarachnoid space. Did recording of motor and sensory block achieved until the operation was complete.

RESULT : The effectiveness of the group I was 89,3 % and group II was 76,8 %.

CONCLUSION : There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the effectiveness of the study subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Penyuntikan obat anestesia spinal dosis tunggal diketahui menyebabkan hipotensi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dosis terbagi pada pasien obstetrik sehat, namun belum ada penelitian yang dilakukan pada pasien obsterik dengan penyulit hipertensi, khususnya di Indonesia. Hipotensi akibat anestesia spinal, khususnya pada pasien obstetrik dengan penyulit hipertensi, akan mengganggu kesejahteraan ibu dan janin. Tujuan: Membandingkan penurunan MAP dan kebutuhan efedrin, serta mengetahui level ketinggian blok antara teknik anestesia spinal dosis terbagi dengan dosis tunggal untuk bedah Sesar dengan penyulit hipertensi. Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 42 pasien di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok dosis terbagi (TB) dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan 2/3 dosis (1,5 ml), dilanjutkan 1/3 dosis sisanya (1 ml) setelah jeda 90 detik. Kelompok dosis tunggal (TU) dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan seluruh dosis dalam sekali bolus. Keduanya dilakukan dalam posisi duduk, menggunakan kombinasi obat anestesia spinal bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 10 mg dan fentanil 25 mcg (volume total 2,5 ml), kecepatan 0,2 ml/detik, barbotase £0,1 ml sebelum penyuntikan, serta pemberian coloading cairan kristaloid 5-10 ml/KgBB. MAP diukur sebanyak 7 kali, dan kebutuhan efedrin serta ketinggian blok dicatat. Analisis hasil menggunakan uji General Linear Model (GLM) untuk pengukuran berulang, uji Fisher dan Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Uji GLM menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antar waktu pengukuran antar kelompok (P >0,05), namun grafik garis menunjukkan trend MAP kelompok TB lebih tinggi pada 3 menit pertama dibandingkan kelompok TU. Penurunan MAP >20% terjadi lebih cepat pada kelompok TU (menit ke-3). Ketinggian blok sensorik keduanya terbanyak pada level T4 sebesar 11 subjek (52,4%) pada kelompok TB dan 9 subjek (42,9%) pada kelompok TU (P=0,59). Perbandingan dosis total pemakaian efedrin mendapat nilai median (range) kelompok TB sebesar 10 (0-25) mg dan kelompok TU sebesar 15 (0-30) mg (P=0,30). Simpulan: Penurunan MAP dan kebutuhan efedrin pada dosis terbagi tidak lebih kecil secara signifikan dibanding dosis tunggal, namun trend penurunan MAP >20% terjadi lebih lambat dan pemakaian efedrin lebih sedikit pada 3 menit pertama, dengan level ketinggian blok keduanya serupa.

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Background: Injection of a single bolus of local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia is known to cause greater hypotension than a fractionated dose in healthy obstetric patients, but no studies have been performed on obstetric patients with hypertensive complications, especially in Indonesia. Spinal hypotension will interfere to maternal and fetal well-being, particularly to mother with pregnancyinduced hypertension. Objective: Compare the decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ephedrin requirements, as well as to determine the level of sensory blockade between fractionated dose and single dose technique in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Single blinded randomized clinical trials of 42 patients at Tangerang District General Hospital who met the criteria were divided into two groups. The fractionated dose group (TB) was administered by injecting 2/3 of the total doses (1,5 ml) initially, followed by 1/3 of the remaining dose (1 ml) after 90 s. A Single dose group (TU) was performed by injecting all doses in one bolus. Both were performed in a sitting position, using a combination of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg and fentanyl 25 mcg (total volume of 2,5 ml), with velocities 0,2 ml/sec, £0,1 ml barbotage before injection, and administration of 5-10 ml/KgBW crystalloids for co-loading. MAP was measured 7 times, as well as ephedrine requirement and level of sensory blockade were recorded. Analysis was performed using a General Linear Model (GLM) test for repeated measurements, Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The GLM test showed no significant differences between the time measurements between groups (P>0,05), but the line chart showed the TB group's trend of MAP was higher in the first 3 minutes than TU group. MAP decline >20% occured faster in TU group (minute-3). The level of sensory block was mostly at the T4 level of 11 subjects (52,4%) in TB group and 9 subjects (42,9%) in TU group (P = 0,59). The total dose of ephedrine requirement was in median (range) value of 10 (0-25) mg in TB group and 15 (0-30) mg in TU group (P = 0,30). Conclusion: MAP decline and ephedrine requirement in fractionated dose were not significantly smaller than single dose, but >20% decrease in MAP's trend occured more slowly and ephedrine requirement was less in the first 3 minutes, with similar level of sensory block in both groups."

"Buku yang berjudul "Williams obstetrics" ini ditulis oleh F. Gary Cunningham, Norman F. Gant, Kenneth J. Leveno, Larry C. Gilstrap, John C. Hauth, Katharine D. Wenstrom. Buku ini membahas tentang kehamilan, psikologis ketika hamil, dan merencanakan kehamilan."

"Latar Belakang: Penjadwalan operasi yang baik adalah yang mengoptimalkan workflow suatu kamar operasi, mengurangi kasus pembatalan operasi, dan ketidaktepatan prediksi waktu operasi. Unit Pelayanan Bedah Terpadu RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki peran besar terhadap berlangsungnya operational efficiency sehingga hal-hal terkait efisiensi kerja yang termasuk didalamnya penjadwalan pasien di kamar operasi menjadi fokus perhatian utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi waktu persiapan, induksi, dan pemulihan anestesi berdasarkan pemilihan teknik anestesi terhadap anesthesia-controlled time (ACT). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang dilaksanakan di Unit Pelayanan Bedah Terpadu RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak Maret 2019 hingga Desember 2020, dengan total 1727 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memiliki kriteria eksklusi. Tim anestesi kamar operasi dengan menggunakan jam digital melakukan observasi, pengambilan, dan pencatatan data waktu secara manual kedalam lembar kuesioner yang disediakan di kamar operasi atau secara daring dengan mengakses tautan yang tersedia.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan linier positif yang bermakna antara waktu persiapan anestesi dengan ACT pada teknik anestesi umum-ETT (r=0.1, p 0.009), anestesi umum-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.253, p 0.028), dan anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, blok saraf perifer, CVC, ABP (r=0.489, p 0.013); waktu pemasangan monitor dengan ACT pada teknik anestesi umum-ETT (r=0.125, p 0.001), anestesi umum-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.502, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.372, p 0.001), anestesi umum-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.436, p 0.006), sedasi (r=0.516, p 0.001), spinal (r=0.501, p 0.000), anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, CVC, ABP (r=0.321, p 0.000), dan anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, kaudal (r=0.445, p 0.001); waktu induksi anestesi dengan ACT pada teknik anestesi umum-ETT (r=0.513, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.391, p 0.001), anestesi umum-LMA (r=0.312, p 0.017), anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.818, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT, epidural, CVC, ABP (r=0.559, p 0.000), spinal (r=0.503, p 0.000), kombinasi spinal-epidural (r=0.779, p 0.000), blok saraf perifer (r=0.729, p 0.000), anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, CVC, ABP (r=0.511, p 0.000), dan anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, kaudal (r=0.543, p 0.000); waktu insersi CVC dengan ACT pada teknik anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, CVC (r=0.553, p 0.002), anestesi umum-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.434, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.415, p 0.010), dan anestesi umum-ETT, epidural CVC, ABP (r=0.288, p 0.023); waktu pemulihan anestesi dengan ACT pada teknik anestesi umum-ETT (r=0.157, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, CVC (r=0.664, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.374, p 0.001), anestesi umum-LMA (r=0.299, p 0.023), anestesi umum-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.557, p 0.000), anestesi umum-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.338, p 0.035), anestesi umum-ETT, epidural, CVC, ABP (r= 0.343, p 0.006), sedasi (r=0.351, p 0.033), anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, CVC, ABP (r=0.424, p 0.000), dan anestesi umum pediatrik-ETT/LMA, kaudal (r=0.589, p 0.000). Simpulan: Waktu persiapan, induksi, dan pemulihan anestesi tidak berkorelasi dengan anesthesia-controlled time berdasarkan pemilihan teknik anestesi di Unit Pelayanan Bedah Terpadu Rumah Sakit Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo.

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ackground: An ideal operating schedule is the one that optimizes the workflow of an operating room, reduces case cancellation and inaccurate prediction of total procedural time. Central Surgical Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital has a major role of ensuring the continuity of operational efficiency so that matters related to work efficiency, including patient scheduling in the operating room, are the main focus of attention. This study aims to assess the correlation of time of preparation, anesthesia induction and recovery time with anesthesia-controlled time (ACT) based on the choice of anesthesia technique. Methodes: This observational research was done in Central Surgical Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from March 2019 to December 2020, with a total of 1727 samples that fulfilled inclusion criteria, without exclusion criteria. By means of using a digital clock, anesthesia team performs observations, retrieval, and recording of time data manually into a questionnaire sheet provided in the operating room or an online document by accessing the link provided.Results: There is a significant positive linear correlation between anesthesia preparation time and ACT on general anesthesia-ETT (r=0.1, p 0.009), general anesthesia-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.253, p 0.028), and general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, peripheral nerve block, CVC, ABP technique (r=0.489, p 0.013); basic monitoring placement time and ACT on general anesthesia-ETT (r=0.125, p 0.001), general anesthesia-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.502, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.372, p 0.001), general anesthesia-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.436, p 0.006), sedation (r=0.516, p 0.001), spinal (r=0.501, p 0.000), pediatric general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, CVC, ABP (r=0.321, p 0.000), and pediatric general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, caudal technique (r=0.445, p 0.001); anesthesia induction time and ACT on general anesthesia-ETT (r=0.513, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.391, p 0.001), general anesthesia-LMA (r=0.312, p 0.017), general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.818, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT, epidural, CVC, ABP (r=0.559, p 0.000), spinal (r=0.503, p 0.000), combined spinal-epidural (r=0.779, p 0.000), peripheral nerve block (r=0.729, p 0.000), pediatric general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, CVC, ABP (r=0.511, p 0.000), and pediatric general anesthesia -ETT/LMA, caudal technique (r=0.543, p 0.000); CVC insertion time and ACT on general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, CVC (r=0.553, p 0.002), general anesthesia-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.434, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.415, p 0.010), and general anesthesia-ETT, epidural CVC, ABP technique (r=0.288, p 0.023); anesthesia recovery time and ACT on general anesthesia-ETT (r=0.157, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, CVC (r=0.664, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT, CVC, ABP (r=0.374, p 0.001), general anesthesia-LMA (r=0.299, p 0.023), general anesthesia-ETT/LMA, epidural (r=0.557, p 0.000), general anesthesia-ETT, epidural, CVC (r=0.338, p 0.035), general anesthesia-ETT, epidural, CVC, ABP (r= 0.343, p 0.006), sedation (r=0.351, p 0.033), pediatric general anesthesia-ETT/L anesthesia-ETT/LMA, caudal technique(r=0.589, p 0.000). Conclusions: Time of anesthesia preparation, induction, and recovery do not correlate with ACT based on the anesthesia technique used to fascilitate surgery in Central Surgical Unit of Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital."