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"This book investigates the theme of global transitions with a cross-regional comparative study of two areas experiencing change over the past three decades: Southeast Asia and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Political transitions in Asia have been the subject of interest in academic and policy-making communities recently as there are encouraging signs of democratization in countries that exhibit elements of authoritarianism. In those countries with relatively open political systems, transitions to democracy have been complete - albeit messy, flawed, and highly contested. In contrast, countries of the MENA region that have been gripped by revolts in recent years find themselves in the midst of chaotic and uncontrollable transitions. Why are there such differences between these regions? What, if anything, can be learned and applied from the transitions in Southeast Asia? These questions are answered here as Asia's experience is contrasted with the Arab revolts and the struggle of the different countries in the MENA region to fashion a new social contract between states and citizens."

"Through politics, economics, culture, and history, this book offers an analytical framework that familiarizes readers with the Middle East and helps them to critically evaluate contemporary developments."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah pada masa pemerintahan Barack Obama tahun 2009-2014. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan mengambil studi terhadap penarikan pasukan Amerika Serikat dari Afghanistan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah pada masa pemerintahan Barack Obama mengalami perubahan pendekatan dari hard power ke smart power. Tesis ini menemukan bahwa ada empat faktor yang membuat Amerika Serikat akan menarik pasukannya dari Afghanistan, yaitu : kematian Osama Bin Laden, tuntutan politik dalam negeri, kondisi ekonomi dalam negeri, dan konstelasi internasional.

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This thesis discusses about U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East during the Barack Obama administration years 2009-2014. This study is a qualitative research by taking study of the withdrawal U.S. forces from Afghanistan. The results of this study indicate that U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East during the reign of Barack Obama is change from the hard power approach to the smart power approach. This thesis found that there are four factors that make the U.S. will withdraw its forces from Afghanistan, namely : the death of Osama Bin Laden, the demands of domestic politics, economic conditions in the country, and the international constellation."