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Penelitian ini mengekplorasi hubungan antara dua aspek penting bagi pembangunan ekonomi, yaitu tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan (TPAKP) and upah riil di Indonesia. Level TPAK di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan, tetapi upah rill justru menurun. Penelitian ini berasumsi bahwa keadaan ini terjadi karena mayoritas pekerja perempuan di Indonesia bekerja di industri yang rendah level produktivitasnya, sehingga membuat garis pasokan pekerja pada kurva ketersediaan tenaga kerja dan upah riil bergeser ke kanan, ke titik upah yang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan teknik penelitian kuantitatif pada 30 provinsi di Indonesia periode 2002-2018, menggunakan regresi GLS dengan efek random. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang berasal dari BPS-RI. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa peningkatan level TPAKP di Indonesia membawa efek negatif pada tingkat upah riil per jam. Dengan kata lain, peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja perempuan di Indonesia menyebabkan penurunan level upah riil per jam, baik untuk upah pekerja perempuan maupun laki-laki. Penemuan ini merupakan indikasi bahwa peningkatan partisipasi perempuan di pasar tenaga kerja sebaiknya diikuti dengan pekerjaan yang berkualitas bagi mereka. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan terkait peningkatan kesempatan kerja bagi perempuan di industri yang lebih produktif merupakan hal yang penting, termasuk kebijakan guna mengurangi hambatan-hambatan kerja bagi perempuan.

 

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This research explores the relationship between two essential aspects for economic development which are female labour force participation (FLFP) and the real wage in Indonesia. While the level of FLFP in Indonesia keeps increasing over time, the real wage decreases. This paper argues that this happens because most females work in less productive industries that makes the labour supply line shifts to the right and drives the wage to a lower level. Conducting in quantitative research for 30 provinces in Indonesia from 2002 until 2018, this paper uses Random-effects GLS Regression for panel data analysis. The data for this research is secondary data from BPS-Statistics Indonesia. This paper finds that the raising trend of FLFP in Indonesia has a negative effect on the hourly real wage. In other word, the raising of female labour supply in Indonesia generally worsens the hourly wage, both for female and male wage. This finding is an early warning that the high level of female participation in labour market should be followed by qualified job for them. Policies related to increasing job opportunity for women in more productive industries is vital, including dealing with some constraints that influence their time in the labour market.

 

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