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"Karet merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang sangat berlimpah dan memiliki potensi yang besar di negara Indonesia. Konsumsi karet di Indonesia sendiri kebanyakan diserap oleh industri-industri manufaktur yang sebagian besar dikonsumsi oleh industri ban kendaraan. Karet alam memiliki modulus kekakuan yang rendah, sedangkan pada ban, dibutuhkan karet yang memiliki kekakuan dan kekuatan yang baik. Untuk memperbaiki sifat tersebut dibutuhkan penguat sebagai pengisi pada karet. Penguat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) karena karbon hitam dan silika yang biasanya digunakan sebagai penguat memiliki harga yang sangat mahal dan sulit ditemukan di Indonesia. Namun, diperlukan coupling agent hibrida lateks-pati untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas antarmuka karet alam dengan serat TKKS dikarenakan perbedaan kedua sifat permukaan antara karet dan serat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan coupling agent terhadap kompatibilitas karet alam dengan serat TKKS serta sifat mekanik sehingga menghasilkan komposit dengan kekuatan dan kekakuan yang terbaik. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari pengujian Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy dan UTM. Variasi komposisi yang divariasikan adalah coupling agent sebesar 0, 1, 2 dan 3 phr coupling agent dengan 10 phr serat TKKS. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan coupling agent dapat meningkatkan kompatibilitas karet alam dengan serat TKKS serta dengan kekuatan dan kekakuan tinggi adalah pada variasi coupling agent 3 phr.

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Natural rubber is one of the most abundant resources and have a great potential in Indonesia. Rubber consumption in Indonesia itself is mostly by manufacturing industry, such as the wheels industry. Natural rubber has a low stiffness modulus, whereas in wheels, rubber with high strength and stiffness is needed. To enchance those properties, we need reinforcement as a filler within the rubber. Reinforcement that are used in this research is Hybrid Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber because of the carbon black and silica that are usually used as reinforcements that have very expensive price and are hard to found in Indonesia. But, latex-starch hybrid coupling agent is required to increase the compatibility of the interface between the natural rubber and the OPEFB Fiber because of the differences in surface properties of the two compounds. The purpose of this research is to observe the influence of adding coupling agent into the compatibility between natural rubber and OPEFB fiber and also into the mechanical properties, so that it resulted in the best strength and stiffness of the composite. The result can be observed with several tests, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and UTM. The coupling agent’s variation of the composition were 0, 1, 2 and 3 phr coupling agent, with 10 phr of OPEFB Fiber. The result showed that coupling agent addition can increase the compatibility between natural rubber and OPEFB Fiber, and also the best composition for a high strength and high stiffness is in the 3 phr coupling agent variation."

"[This book offers a comprehensive overview of the financial systems of major industrialized countries using the statistical framework of the financial accounts. After a discussion of how economists agreed to create a framework to monitor the financial linkages between surplus and deficit sectors, the book analyzes in detail the composition and the recent evolution of financial assets and liabilities for households (including public pension rights), firms and intermediaries. Next, the volume studies the convergence patterns of financial structures and their influence on the effectiveness of monetary policy within European countries. The final chapter unifies the previous pictures, showing how the effects of financial integration and global imbalances could have been foreseen based on the financial accounts. , This book offers a comprehensive overview of the financial systems of major industrialized countries using the statistical framework of the financial accounts. After a discussion of how economists agreed to create a framework to monitor the financial linkages between surplus and deficit sectors, the book analyzes in detail the composition and the recent evolution of financial assets and liabilities for households (including public pension rights), firms and intermediaries. Next, the volume studies the convergence patterns of financial structures and their influence on the effectiveness of monetary policy within European countries. The final chapter unifies the previous pictures, showing how the effects of financial integration and global imbalances could have been foreseen based on the financial accounts. ]"