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"Ionizing radiation that is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer can result in multiple effects, such as cell death (apoptotic or necrotic) and malignant transformation. The purpose of this study was to show in vivo the effect of ionizing radiation on odontoblasts. The experimental laboratory study applied the post-test control group design. The test sample consisted of 24 healthy male Wistar rats, 3–4 month of age and 150– 200g in weight. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each, subjected to irradiation doses of 0 rad, 100 rad, 200 rad and 400 rad. The cobalt 60 irradiation source was applied to the head of each rat. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after radiation exposure, and the lower insicivus were taken for histopathological specimen processing. The apoptotic status was evaluated by using the TUNEL Assay method. The apoptotic odontoblasts were counted under light microscope. The fraction of apoptotic cells were taken as the mean count from two sides (labial and palatal) of the teeth. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way
Anova and Least Significant Different Test ( = 0.05). The results
showed that the fraction of apoptotic odontoblasts was 5.15% for 0
rad, 12.72% for 100 rad, 24.32% for 200 rad and 15.22% for 400 rad irradiation. There was a significant difference in the apoptotic percentage of odontoblasts among the four groups (p < 0.05). In
conclusion, the highest fraction of apoptotic odontoblasts was found after a single 200 rad dose."
[Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember, Journal of Dentistry Indonesia], 2008
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Supriyadi
"ABSTRAK
In vivo apoptosis of fibroblast pulp cells by ionizing radiation from radiotherapy of the head and neck area has not yet been demonstrated. The study aimed to show in vivo the effect of a single dose of ionizing radiation on apoptosis of fibroblast pulp cells. The sample group consisted of 24 healthy male Wistar rats that were 3-4 months old and 150- 200 g in weight. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats that were subjected to Cobalt 60 radiation to the head at the levels of 0, 100, 200 or 400 rad. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after radiation exposure, and the lower incivus were taken for histopatological processing. Apoptosis was detected by using the TUNEL Assay method. The apoptotic fibroblast pulp cells were counted under light microscope by multiple observers using the blind test approach. The fraction of apoptotic cells was counted as mean of labial and palatal sides of the teeth below odontogenic and free-cell zone. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way anova. The results showed the percentage of apoptotic of fibroblast pulp cells was 6.4, 23.7, 34.5 and 17.8% after 0, 100, 200 and 400 rad doses, respectively. There were significant differences in the apoptotic percentages between the four groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the highest fraction of apoptotic fibroblast pulp cells was found after a single 200 rad dose, and this fraction decreased after a single dose of 400 rad."
[Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember;Journal of Dentistry Indonesia, Journal of Dentistry Indonesia], 2007
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nadia Oktari
"Prevalensi infertilitas di Indonesia yang meningkat tiap tahunnya juga memperbesar kebutuhan pasangan infertil terhadap program fertilisasi in vitro (FIV). Diketahui oosit mempunyai peranan penting dalam keberhasilan FIV. Namun pada pelaksanaannya, oosit yang didapat saat tindakan petik oosit mempunyai maturitas yang tidak sama. Dari beberapa penelitian didapatkan stimulasi ovarium terkendali (SOT) dapat meningkatkan apoptosis sel granulosa dan reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang dapat memberikan efek negatif pada maturasi oosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh elektroakupunktur terhadap maturasi oosit, laju fertilisasi, kadar GDF9 dan BMP15 pada program FIV. Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan kontrol dilakukan terhadap 24 subjek yang menjalani program FIV. Subjek dialokasikan secara acak ke dalam kelompok elektroakupunktur (n=12), dan kelompok elektroakupunktur sham (n=12). Penilaian maturasi oosit dan laju fertilisasi dilakukan secara mikroskopis oleh embriolog, sedangkan pemeriksaan kadar ekspresi mRNA GDF9 dan BMP15 oleh analis lab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna maturasi oosit antara kelompok elektroakupunktur dengan elektroakupunktur sham (p=0,02); laju fertilisasi (p=0,03). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar GDF9 (p=0,34) dan BMP15 (p=0,47) antara kelompok elektroakupunktur dengan elektroakupunktur sham . Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah elektroakupunktur dapat meningatkan maturasi oosit dan laju fertilisasi pada program FIV.

Increasing prevalence of infertility in Indonesia every year also increases the need for infertile couples in the in vitro fertilization program (FIV). It is known that oocytes have an important role in the success of FIV. But in its implementation, oocytes obtained during oocyte retrieval have unequal maturity. From several studies it was found that controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) can increase the apoptosis of granulosa cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can have a negative effect on oocyte maturation. This study aims to determine the effect of electroacupuncture on oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, levels of GDF9 and BMP15 in the FIV program. A double blind randomized clinical trial with controls was conducted on 24 subjects who underwent the FIV program. Subjects were randomly allocated to the electroacupuncture group (n = 12), and the electroacupuncture sham group (n = 12). The assessment of oocyte maturation and the rate of fertilization were carried out microscopically by the embryologist, while the examination of the levels of GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA by lab analysts. The results showed that there were significant differences in oocyte maturation between the electroacupuncture group and electroacupuncture sham (p = 0.02); fertilization rate (p = 0.03). There were no significant difference in GDF9 levels (p = 0.34) and BMP15 levels (p = 0.47) between the electroacupuncture group and sham electroacupuncture. The conclusion of this study is electroacupuncture can enhance oocyte maturation and fertilization rate in the FIV program."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Naylah Muna
"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit pada sistem reproduksi wanita yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya jaringan endometrium di luar rongga uterus. Endometriosis memengaruhi sistem reproduksi salah satunya dengan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas oosit akibat terjadinya apoptosis pada sel granulosa di dalam folikel. Apoptosis pada sel granulosa diketahui diaktivasi melalui jalur intrinsik yang dipengaruhi oleh protein BAX (pro-apoptosis) dan BCL-2 (anti-apoptosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekspresi mRNA bcl-2 dan bax pada sel granulosa penderita endometriosis melalui metode real-time PCR yang kemudian diuji secara statistik dengan menggunakan Uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi mRNA bax/bcl-2 pada wanita penderita endometriosis menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) dibandingkan pada wanita tanpa endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a disease in female reproductive system which marked by the present of endometrium tissue outside the uterus cavity. Endometriosis affects the reproductive system by decreasing oocyte quality as an impact of granulosa cells apoptosis in the follicle. Apoptosis in granulosa cells has been known activated through intrinsic pathway which is influenced by BAX (pro-apoptosis) and BCL-2 (anti-apoptosis) proteins. This research was conducted to know the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and bax in granulosa cells of endometriosis patients using real-time PCR and statistic tests (T-test). The result shows that there is significance difference (p < 0,05) of bax/bcl-2 expression between granulosa cells of endometriosis patients and granulosa cells in women without endometriosis.
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Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S63947
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Apoptosis merupakan peristiwa biologis yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia dalam menjaga keseimbangan jumlah selnya dan merupakan peristiwa yang sangat kompleks serta menakjubkan. Dapat diinduksi secara intrinsik maupun entrinsik, yang dalam banyak hal terjadi kerja sama. Induksi intrinsik terjadi karena sel mengalami stress, oleh karena ketidak seimbangan hormon, radiasi, kemoterapi atau radikal bebas. Induksi ini menyebabkan mitokondria mengeluarkan cytochrome c ke dalam sitoplasma yang dalam berbagai proses mengaktifkan kaspase sehingga terjadi kerusakan komponen-komponen sel dan akhirnya sel dapat mati. Induksi ekstrinsik terjadi karena adanya ikatan reseptor pada permukaan sel dengan ligandnya, baik reseptor Fas (CD95) maupun TNFR1 yang akhirnya mengaktifkan sistem kaspase. Induksi ekstrinsik bisa juga karena CTLS yang mengenali sel yang mengalami perubahan dan memasukkan enzim serine protease ke dalam sel yang akhirnya merusak komponen sel dan menyebabkan kematian sel. Apoptosis harus sesuai kebutuhan karena apoptosis yang berlebih, ataupun kurang dapat menyebabkan penyakit bagi manusia."
MPIAPI 14:1 (2005)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ahmad Rizal
"Sampai saat ini, belum ada obat untuk menyembuhkan infeksi HIV tetapi ada pengobatan yang bisa memperlambat perkembangan HIV dalam tubuh yang disebut Antiretroviral Treatment. Perkembangan HIV secara in vivo dapat dimodelkan ke dalam sistem persamaan diferensial biasa menggunakan pendekatan deterministik. Pada tesis ini dibentuklah model matematika untuk dinamika virus HIV di dalam tubuh dengan adanya intervensi Antiretroviral Treatment dan memperhitungkan pengaruh Apoptosis pada sel-T. Analisis sistem dinamik pada model untuk menentukan kestabilan dari titik keseimbangan bebas infeksi dan titik keseimbangan endemik menggunakan kriteria Routh-Hurwitz. Simulasi numerik menunjukkan bahwa penurunan jumlah sel-T sehat (T) dan perkembangan jumlah virus HIV (V) di dalam tubuh dapat dihambat dengan signifikan jika pengobatan ART diberikan setiap hari secara teratur dan pemilihan nilai parameter Apoptosis (A) berada pada interval [0,1 ; 0,5].

Until now, there is no medicine to cure HIV infection, but there is a treatment that can slow the progression of HIV in the body called Antiretroviral Treatment. The development of HIV, when evaluated in vivo can be modeled into a system of ordinary differential equations using a deterministic approach. In this paper, be formed a mathematical model for the dynamics of HIV in the body with the intervention of Antiretroviral Treatment and take into account the influence of Apoptosis on T-cells. The dynamic system analysis of the model to determine the stability of the infectious free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point uses the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Numerical simulations show that a decrease in the number of healthy T-cells (T) and the proliferation of HIV virus (V) in the body can be significantly impeded if ART treatment is administered daily on a regular basis and the selection of Apoptosis (A) parameter values is at interval [0.1 ; 0.5]."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T49943
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Anggraeni Iriani
"Fenomena utama pada pasien MDS adalah sitopenia di darah tepi, namun disertai kondisi hiperselular di sumsum tulang. sCD40L dianggap sebagai sitokin yang dapat memicu sintesis TNFα sebagai sitokin proapoptosis dan memicu sintesis VEGF sebagai sitokin proangiogenesis pada MDS. Oleh sebab itu sCD40L dianggap berpotensi sebagai biopenanda untuk memperkirakan perburukan pada MDS.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan peran pajanan rh-sCD40L dalam menginduksi sintesis TNFα dan VEGF pada sel progenitor hematopoesis, serta membuktikan peran pajanan TNFα dalam memicu apoptosis pada sel progenitor hematopoesis dan sel mesenkim MDS.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vitro komparatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien MDS yang didiagnosis dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kriteria WHO 2008. Pada bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) dipajankan dengan rh-sCD40L dan antiCD40L, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA TNFα dan mRNA VEGF yang dikuantifikasi dengan qRT-PCR, serta pemeriksaan kadar TNFα dan VEGF yang diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Pada sel CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, dan CD73+ dipajankan rhTNFα kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan aktivitas kaspase-3 dengan imunoflowsitometri.
Terdapat 15 sampel MDS terdiri dari 4 dengan diagnosis RCUD, 7 RCMD, dan 4 RAEB1, serta 7 sampel kontrol. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan pajanan antiCD40L. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan kadar TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol. Namun pajanan rh-sCD40L tidak meningkatkan mRNA VEGF dan kadar protein VEGF. Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel progenitor MDS terutama yang berdiferensiasi menjadi mieloid (CD33+) dan megakariosit-trombosit (CD41+). Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel mesenkim (CD73+) MDS
Simpulan: sCD40L berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis sitokin proapoptosis TNFα di level mRNA dan protein, namun tidak terbukti berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis proangiogenesis VEGF. TNFα berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis terutama pada sel hematopoesis yang telah berdiferensiasi menjadi seri mieloid dan seri megakariosit-trombosit, dan berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis pada sel mesenkim.

Cytopenia is the primary phenomenon in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) patients, amidst hypercellular bone marrow. The soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is considered as a cytokine that can trigger synthesis of TNFα and VEGF. The former is known as a cytokine that promotes apoptosis while the latter promotes angiogenesis in MDS patients. Therefore, the sCD40L may serve as a potential biomarker to predict worsening of MDS.
This study aims to prove the role of rh-sCD40L exposure in inducing the synthesis of TNFα and VEGF in hematopoietic progenitor cells, as well as to establish the role of TNFα exposure in triggering apoptotic activity in hematopoietic progenitor and mesenchymal cells of MDS.
The study was a comparative in vitro experimental study. Subjects were MDS patients diagnosed and classified using the WHO 2008 criteria. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were exposed to rh-sCD40L and antiCD40L. The expressions of TNFα and VEGF mRNAs were then quantified by qRT-PCR, and the level of TNFα and VEGF were measured using the ELISA method. The CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, and CD73+ cells were exposed to rhTNFα, then the activity of enzyme caspase-3 was measured using the immunoflowcytometry.
There were 7 control and 15 MDS samples with the following diagnoses: 4 RCUD, 7 RCMD, and 4 RAEB1. Compared to antiCD40L, it is found that exposure of rh-sCD40L significantly increased the expression of TNFα mRNA. The similar exposure also significantly increased the level of TNFα compared to controls. However, the exposure of rh-sCD40L did not increase the expression of VEGF mRNA as well as the level of VEGF. The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS progenitor cells, particularly those differentiated into myeloid cells (CD33+) and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte cells (CD41+). The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS mesenchymal (CD73+) cells.
Conclusion: The sCD40L plays a role in increasing the synthesis of TNFα which favors apoptotic activity in mRNA and protein level, but not in improving the synthesis of VEGF that promotes angiogenesis. Furthermore, TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of hematopoietic cells, particularly those that have differentiated into myeloid series and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte series cells. Also TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of mesenchymal cells.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sifra Kristiarianti Satria
"Kanker serviks menjadi kanker penyebab kematian tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia setelah kanker paru-paru dan payudara. Metode pencegahan seperti vaksin HPV dan metode pengobatan seperti pembedahan, kemoterapi, dan radioterapi telah dikembangkan. Akan tetapi, masih dibutuhkan pengembangan pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya adalah dari tumbuhan herbal dengan senyawa aktif citronellol. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa citronellol dapat menurunkan viabilitas dengan menginduksi apoptosis pada beberapa sel kanker, seperti sel kanker paru-paru, payudara, dan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh citronellol terhadap viabilitas sel HeLa menggunakan mikroskop fluoresens. Variasi konsentrasi 10, 25, 50, dan 100 µg/mL citronellol dengan waktu inkubasi 48 jam diujikan pada sel HeLa. Uji viabilitas dilakukan dengan uji WST-1 dan deteksi apoptosis dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Annexin V-FITC/PI menggunakan mikroskop fluoresens. Hasil uji dengan ANAVA satu arah menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari citronellol terhadap viabilitas sel HeLa. Konsentrasi 10 µg/mL cenderung menurunkan viabilitas sel HeLa dibandingkan kontrol. Pengamatan dengan mikroskop fluoresens menunjukkan terdeteksinya sel apoptosis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sel nekrosis dan perubahan morfologi pada sel late apoptosis. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh pengaruh citronellol terhadap sel HeLa.

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia following lung cancer and breast cancer.  Prevention methods such as the HPV vaccine and treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been developed. However, the development of alternative medicine is still needed, one of which is from herbal plants with the active compound of citronellol. Previous studies have shown that citronellol can reduce viability by inducing apoptosis in some cancer cells, such as lung, breast, and blood cancer cells. This study aims to determine the effects of citronellol on HeLa cells viability and to detect apoptosis by Annexin V- FITC/PI staining using a fluorescence microscope. Concentration variations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL citronellol with an incubation time of 48 hours were treated on HeLa cells. A viability test was carried out by WST-1 test and apoptosis detection was carried out by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining using a fluorescence microscope. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant effect of different concentrations of citronellol on the viability of HeLa cells. The concentrations of 10 µg/mL of citronellol tended to decrease HeLa cells viability. Observations with fluorescence microscope showed a higher detection rate of apoptotic cells than necrotizing cells and a more visible morphological changes in late apoptotic cells. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy detected apoptotic cells. Further study is required to get a more comprehensive information on the effects of citronellol on HeLa cells."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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