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"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condi-tion of reflux of gastric content into the esophagus, whichcould create clinical symptoms. Reflux can occur under normal conditions, usually related to certain conditions, such as lying down after meals and during vomitting. If reflux occurs, the esophagus would immediately contract to cleanse the lumen from refluxate, preventing prolonged contact between the refluxate and the esophageal mucosa."

"GERD is a condition that gastric content go back into the esophagus. This condition could came disturbances in the respiratory tract, heart and otolaryng. Those extra-esophageal clinical manifestation are common but often miss our attention. So it is important to explorate it further. The management of extra-esophageal GERD is similar with management of GERD. It is included life style modification and reducing refluxate with controlling pH with aggressiveness."

"This volume explores the basics of implementing a project-management model and encourages critical thinking about how project management can help a company accomplish its business objectives. The book offers explanations of different project phases and includes six case studies that show how project management works in the real world. This book is consistent with the updated Project Management Body of Knowledge."

"Even though there are still no epidemiological data on the prevalence of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Indonesia, data from The Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital demonstrate signs of esophagitis in 22.8% of all patients with dyspepsia who underwent endoscopic examination. Western countries report a higher rate of GERD than Asian and African countries, possibly due to dietary factors and increased obesity. Besides adequate history and physical examination, there are many other supporting examinations that could be performed to establish the diagnosis of GERD, especiaily endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Even though this condition is rarely fatal, GERD patients should still receive adequate management. Most patients demonstrate a satisfactory response towards therapy which inciudes Iife-style modification as well as medication. Currently the drugs of choice for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors. A combination of proton-pump inhibitors and prokinetics produces a better effect. Patients resistant to medical treatment or those with recurrent esophageal stricture should be considered for anti-reflux surgery."

"This book, designed for ophthalmologists and particularly for refractive surgeons, aims to develop practical and clinical skills in readers so that they are able to make the right decisions in managing keratoconus. There are four main chapters. The first is devoted to diagnosis and describes the clinical signs, the appearances on microscopy, and the significance of corneal hysteresis and corneal topography. Classifications and patterns of keratoconus are then presented, and the author offers his own new classification of topographic patterns. The third chapter addresses the management of the disease in detail. Both non-interventional and interventional approaches are discussed with due attention to contraindications and complications. In addition, a novel classification of management parameters is suggested, and a systematic approach to management, formulated. In the final chapter this approach is applied to nine cases that serve as clinical examples."