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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara forgiveness dan psychological well-being pada individu yang menikah. Pengukuran forgiveness menggunakan alat ukur transgression-related interpersonal motivation 12-scale form (McCullough., et al, 1998) dan pengukuran psychological well-being menggunakan alat ukur Ryff’s psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1995). Partisipan berjumlah 74 individu yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai seseorang yang terikat dalam hubungan pernikahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara forgiveness dengan psychological well-being pada pasangan yang menikah (r = 0.318; p = 0.006, signifikan pada L.o.S. 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi skor forgiveness yang dimiliki seseorang, maka semakin tinggi ia menampilkan kesejahteraan secara psikologis. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlu diadakan intervensi untuk meningkatkan forgiveness sebagai salah satu faktor dibalik bertambahnya psychological well-being.

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This research was conducted to find the correlation between forgiveness and psychological well-being in married couples. Forgiveness was measured by using an instrument called transgression-related interpersonal motivation 12-scale form (McCullough, et al, 1998) and psychological well-being was measured by using an instrument called Ryff‟s psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1995). The participants of this research were 74 individuals with a characteristic of currently being married.

The main result of this research showed that forgiveness is positively and significantly correlated with psychological well-being (r = 0.318; p = 0.006, significant at L.o.S. 0.01). That is, the higher the level of forgiveness in one‟s own nature, the higher that person shows psychological well-being inside oneself. Based on such results, there needs to be an intervention to increase forgiveness as one of the factors in increasing psychological well-being."

"Masa depan tidak akan dapat diraih apabila seseorang tidak dapat melakukan pemaafan. Pemaafan dibutuhkan seseorang untuk tidak menyimpan rasa dendam dan bersalah yang disebabkan oleh peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Dewasa muda yang merupakan masa dengan banyak konflik dan peralihan hidup tentu mengalami hambatan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh diri mereka sendiri maupun hal-hal di luar diri mereka. Pemaafan diperlukan oleh dewasa muda agar dapat memaafkan hal-hal tersebut demi tercapainya cita-cita mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pemaafan dan kesejahteraan psikologis pada dewasa muda. Sebanyak 175 partisipan berusia 22-44 tahun mengisi kuesioner yang mengukur pemaafan Heartland Forgiveness Scale/HFS dan kesejahteraan psikologis Ryff rsquo;s Psychological Well-Being Scale/RPWB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pemaafan dan kesejahteraan psikologis pada dewasa muda r=-0.620.

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Future cannot be reached if one cannot do forgiveness. Forgiveness is needed to keep us from holding grudge and guilt caused by past events. Young adulthood is a phase of many conflicts and life transitions that obstructed by themselves or another person. Forgiveness is necessary to young adult so that they can forgive those underexpected things for the sake of achieving their aspirations.

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between forgiveness and psychological well being among young adulthood. A total of 175 participants aged 22 44 completed questionnaires of forgiveness Heartland Forgiveness Scale HFS and psychological well being Ryff rsquo s Psychological Well being Scale RPWB . The result of this research showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between forgiveness and psychological well being among young adulthood r 0.620."

"Di Asia, di mana budaya patriarki masih kuat, peran utama perempuan adalah sebagai istri sekaligus ibu dalam hubungan pernikahan heteroseksual. Mereka yang tidak melaksanakannya mendapat stigma dan didiskriminasi. Salah satunya ialah perempuan dari kelompok minoritas seksual, yakni lesbian dan biseksual. Emosi marah, sedih, dan kecewa sering muncul sebagai respon dari perlakuan buruk yang diterima oleh perempuan dari kelompok minoritas seksual. Ada yang marah pada diri sendiri, ada pula yang menyalahkan orang yang tidak paham mengenai orientasi seksual, serta situasi yang tidak ideal. Perempuan dari kelompok minoritas seksual menjadi rentan depresi, gangguan cemas, serta kecenderungan bunuh diri. Seluruhnya merupakan indikator psychological well-being (PWB) yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu hubungan antara forgiveness dengan PWB pada perempuan dari kelompok minoritas seksual di Indonesia. Sebanyak 94 perempuan lesbian dan biseksual diminta mengisi kuesioner Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) yang terdiri dari Forgiveness of Self, Forgiveness of Others, dan Forgiveness of Situation; serta Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWB) yang terdiri dari dimensi Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Positive Relations with Others, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life, dan Self Acceptance. Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara forgiveness dan PWB pada perempuan dari kelompok minoritas seksual. Hubungan di tingkat subskala lebih kompleks, di mana terdapat subskala yang berkorelasi dan tidak berkorelasi.

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In Asia, where patriarchy is still a problem, a woman’s main role is to be a devoted wife and mother, usually within a heterosexual marriage. Those who do not follow the common ways are stigmatized and discriminated. One of them are females from sexual minority group, namely lesbians and bisexuals. Anger, sadness, and disappointment often become the natural responses of those discrimination. Some females from sexual minority group blame themselves for all the difficulties that came with their sexual orientation. Others blame people who do not understand about human sexuality. The rest blame the horrible situation which put them in an uncomfortable position. Females from sexual minority group are more prone to depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies, which are all the indicators of low psychological well-being (PWB). This research was conducted to find out the relationship between forgiveness and PWB in females from sexual minority groups in Indonesia. As much as 94 female participants from sexual minority groups have filled out the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), consisting of several subscales: Forgiveness of Self, Forgiveness of Others, and Forgiveness of Situation; as well as Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWB) consisting of six distinct dimensions, namely Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Positive Relations with Others, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life, and Self-Acceptance. Results showed that there’s a significant correlation between forgiveness and PWB on females from sexual minority groups in Indonesia. In the subscale level, however, not all measures were related to one another."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses peredaan ketegangan yang terjadi di Semenanjung Korea antara Korea Utara dengan Korea Selatan dalam kurun waktu 2000-2002. Proses peredaan ketegangan terjadi diwarnai oleh berbagai macam aktifitas kedua negara, baik yang bersifat resistensi maupun diplomatis. Kedua negara dapat dikatakan memiliki niat untuk melakukan rekonsiliasi dan berupaya menciptakan reunifikasi diantara keduanya. Terbukti dengan kemauan dua negara yang telah lama bertikai tersebut untuk memikirkan masa depan mereka melalui berbagai macam pertemuan. Dengan menempatkan pola dariperspektif konstruktivis, penelitian ini berhasil memunculkan agen, struktur, identity, interest dan behavior sebagai bagian-bagian penting dalam penerapan konstruktivis pada studi kasus konflik antara dua negara saudara yang bertikai dan terpisah oleh tirai ideologi. Pada penelitian ini juga digunakan metode case study dengan melihat konflik Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan di Semenanjung Koreasebagai obyek penelitian. Selain itu, penggunaan Historical Perspective-Research juga digunakan untuk membantu melakukan analisa dan kritik serta menyatukan urutan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this thesis is to find out the de-escalation of tension process that occured between North and South Korea in the Korean Peninsula during the period of 2000-2002. The process was marked by a variety of activities from the two countries, including resistance and diplomacy. The two countries can be said to have intention to do the reconcil and towards reunification. This is shown by the two conflicting countries willingness to consider their future through various meetings. By placing the pattern of constructivist perspective, this research successfully brought agency, structure,identity, interest and behaviour as an important parts in the implementation of constructivism on the case study of two sibling states locked in conflict and separated by ideological curtains. This research used case study methods which oversew the phenomena, situation and condition in the Korean Peninsula. This thesis also used a Historical Perspective-Research method to give some analizedthe historical background and the chronology of events in both countries."

"Conflicts and wars in several areas in Indonesia have caused a large number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). IDPs adolescents are a vulnerable group for developing psychological problems. There was a concern about the form of time perspective that these adolescents have and its relationship with the occurrence of psychological problems in thefuture. However, there is a lack of studies of internally displaced persons that assess the relationship between psychological distress and time perspective in low income countries. The study aim was to assess psychological status and time perspective of adolescents who were affected by violent conflict in Indonesia. Cross sectional community based study. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from 129 adolescents whose lives were affected by violent conflict, both displaced and non-displaced. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Displaced adolescentswere present-past oriented, while non-displaced adolescents were future oriented. Displaced adolescents had more difficulties compared to non-displaced adolescents, especially in emotional symptoms. Factors like migration status, gender and religion have partial significance toward time dominance and psychological problems. There is a significant association between time perspective and psychological problems in which present-past oriented adolescents had greater difficulties than future oriented adolescents. The most common problem was emotional symptoms, especially anxiety problems."

"ABSTRAKKajian ini menganalisis eskalasi konflik militer yang terjadi antara India dan Pakistanpada periode setelah perjanjian damai Deklarasi Lahore 1999. Setelah beberapa kaliterlibat perang besar, konflik militer di antara kedua negara ini terus berlangsung hinggahari ini. Kajian terdahulu perihal konflik India-Pakistan hanya membahas perihalpenyebab konflik ini terjadi dan upaya penyelesaian konflik yang terbagi ke dalam tigasudut pandang besar yaitu keamanan, politik domestik dan ekonomi-politik, tetapibelum ada yang menjelaskan bagaimana konflik ini nampaknya tetap bertahan. Denganmenggunakan perspektif dilema keamanan sebagai kerangka analisis dan metodepenelitian causal-process tracing, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan peningkatansistem pertahanan dan mengeluarkan kebijakan yang ofensif adalah pemicu keduanegara terus terlibat dalam konflik militer. Analisis kajian ini juga menunjukkanperjanjian damai Deklarasi Lahore 1999 tidak dapat menghentikan konflik militer danpermusuhan antara keduanya, karena India dan Pakistan saling melihat perilaku satusama lain seperti pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan dan pengembangan nuklir sebagaiancaman sehingga keduanya selalu berada dalam situasi dilema keamanan.

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ABSTRACTThis study analyses the military conflict escalation between India and Pakistan in theperiod after 1999 Lahore Declaration. After several major wars, military conflictsbetween the two countries continued to this day. Previous studies on the India-Pakistanconflict only discussed the causes of this conflict and efforts to resolve conflicts. Thestudies are divided into three major perspectives, namely; security, domestic politics,and political economy, but none has explained how this military conflict is relativelylasting. By using security dilema as an analytical framework and causal-processtracing on research method, this study shows that actions to improve the defense systemand an offensive policy are the triggers for the two countries to continue to be involvedin military conflicts. The analysis of this study also shows that the Lahore Declaration1999 cannot stop military conflict and hostility between India and Pakistan, becausethey see each other's behaviors-such as the development of military defense capabilityand nuclear weaponry development-as threats so that they are always remains in thesecurity dilema situation."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini akan menjawab pertanyaan, ldquo;potensi konflik apa yang berkembang antara pencari suaka dan pengungsi dengan masyarakat Desa Batulayang, Cisarua, Bogor? rdquo;. Sebelumnya, Desa Batulayang merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan tingkat konsentrasi dan jumlah imigran asing yang cukup tinggi ditengah derasnya arus migran yang terus terjadi sampai saat ini. Menurut penulis, keberadaan pencari suaka dan pengungsi tersebut di tengah-tengah masyarakat akan menimbulkan implikasi tertentu, salah satu nya adalah keberadaan potensi konflik. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori eskalasi konflik menurut Friedrich Glasl yang memaparkan bawa terdapat tahap-tahap tertentu dalam sebuah eskalasi konflik, dari sebuah potensi hingga menjadi konflik yang menimbulkan korban. Selain itu, dalam usaha penulis mencari data, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara pada pihak-pihak tertentu. Selanjutnya, penulis mendapatkan temuan-temuan yang menunjukkan terdapat potensi konflik dalam tingkatan tertentu yang sesuai dengan teori eskalasi konflik di Desa Batulayang.

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ABSTRACT

This research will answer the question of conflict escalation between asylum seekers and refugees with the local communities of Batulayang Village, Cisarua, Bogor. Previously, Batulayang Village was one of the areas with high levels of concentration and high number of foreign immigrant. In my assumption, the existence of asylum seekers and refugees in the midst of society will lead to certain implications, one of which is the potential existence of conflict. In this study, the author uses the theory of conflict escalation by Friedrich Glasl which describes that there are certain stages in an escalation of conflict, from a potential to a conflict that caused the victim. In addition, in the authors attempt to find data, the authors use qualitative methods with interviews on certain parties. Furthermore, the authors find findings that indicate the potential for conflict in a certain degree that is compatible with conflict escalation theory in Batulayang Village."