Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Calpico is a drink made of fermented sour milk cultured with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus helveticus). Calpico drink contains 1010 cells of lactic acid bacteria for one cup serve, although it is not alive. The purpose of this study is to investigate a possible effect of Calpico ingestion on prevention or recovery from diarrhea. The pupils of the 4th grade of two elementary schools were subjected. Pupils were requested to answer the questionnaire about social and health conditions of their own. After measuring body weight, pupils for Calpico group were given 200 ml of one-fifth diluted Calpico every morning at 9 AM. Pupils of control group were given nothing. More over half of pupils who drunk Calpico for one month increased one to two kg of their body weight after test period. The frequency of diarrhea of Calpico group was markedly decreased. It was shown in Jakarta that Calpico ingestion had a dramatically effect on recovery from diarrhea and improvement of health condition noted by the increase of body weight of the pupils."

"Diarrheal disease remains an important public health problem in developing countries (Black, 1993) and is enormously associated with one-fourth of all deaths in children less than 5 years in developing countries (Richards et. at, 1993). Despite a remarkable declining in mortality rate, the morbidity rate of acute diarrhea of under five children is still fairly high (Murray, 1992). Alarcon et. al. (1991) reported that each year, diarrheal disease causes approximately more than 1 billion episodes of illness. Therefore, the reported attack rates range from 1 to 12 episodes per child per year with a global average of 3 episodes per child (Richards et. al, 1993) and nearly 5 millions deaths worldwide in children less than 5 years (Shamir, 1998). In Indonesia, the incidence of diarrhea is accounted for up to 200-400 per 1000 population per year; 60-80% of them are under five, mostly infants (Lubis, 1992). Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrheal disease in infants. It is the most commonly identified enter pathogens for infants who admitted to hospital in the USA and many other countries (Saavedra et. al., 1994) included Indonesia, (Soenarto, 1997). In USA accounts for up to 50% of the cases of children hospitalized with diarrhea and dehydration (Cohen, 1991) and is responsible for approximately 1 million cases of severe infantile diarrhea and up to 150 deaths annually (Guarino et.al.,1994). In Indonesia accounts for up to 16% of childhood diarrhea in urban area of North Jakarta and 19-40% of chldhood diarrhea age 0-36 months in Bandung, West Java (Yuwono, 1993).The incidence of diarrheal disease is higher and the severity of the illness is greater in infants than in older children and adults. Several major factors become predisposed to an increased frequency of diarrheal diseases in infants are increased fecal-oral contamination and infants have a relatively unchallenged immune system that has not previously been exposed to many pathogens and has not acquired protective antibodies. Immune system tolerance of life to some polysaccharide antigens in the first year may diminish the infant's ability to defend against intestinal infections (Cohen, 1991). Non-breastfed infants are at greater age of experiencing diarrhea than those who are partially breast-fed, however infants who are partially breast-fed are at greater risk than those who are exclusively breast-fed (Lubis, 1992). The global diarrheal disease control programs have concentrated almost exclusively on the prevention and treatment of dehydration by promoting appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy, such as increased of oral rehydration solution-ORS (Alarcon, et. al, 1991). ORS has been considered by World Health Organization as the cornerstone of global efforts to reduce mortality from acute diarrhea (Richards et. al, 1993; Behrens, 1993). Until recently, however, more attention has been directed to the nutritional complications of diarrhea (Alarcon, et. al, 1991)."

"Askariasis adalah infeksi cacing yang paling sering ditemukan pada anak-anak. Pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai gejala askariasis penting untuk diketahui agar masyarakat dapat mengenalinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan guru Sekolah Dasar (SD) yang banyak berinteraksi dengan anak-anak. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta dengan desain eksperimental jenis pre-post study. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 12 Oktober 2011. Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner berisi pertanyaan mengenai gejala askariasis sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Semua guru SD yang hadir dijadikan subyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah guru yang hadir adalah 21 orang laki-laki (31,3%) dan 46 orang perempuan (68,7%). Sebelum penyuluhan, 7 orang (10,4%) memiliki skor baik, 9 orang (13,4%) memiliki skor cukup, dan 51 orang (76,1%) memiliki skor kurang. Pertanyaan yang paling tidak dimengerti responden sebelum penyuluhan adalah tentang pengaruh jumlah cacing yang banyak pada usus (hanya 3% responden yang memperoleh nilai sempurna). Setelah penyuluhan, responden dengan pengetahuan baik berjumlah 19 orang (28,4%), pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 26 orang (38,8%), dan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 22 orang (32,8%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan (p < 0,01; uji marginal homogeneity). Disimpulkan penyuluhan kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan guru SD mengenai gejala askariasis.

---

Ascariasis is a popular infection found in children. Knowledge of its infection symptoms becomes important to detect this case. This research analyzes the effect of health education towards elementary school teachers’ knowledge about symptoms of ascariasis as they often interact with children. Research is conducted at Jakarta with experimental design (pre-post study) on October 12th, 2011. Data is collected by using questionnaires about symptoms of ascariasis before and after education. All elementary school teachers who attended the education is the sample of this research. From 21 male (31.3%) and 46 female (68.7%) respondents, before education 7 (10.4%) have good scores, 9 (13.4%) have average scores, and 51 (76.1%) have poor scores. Question with lowest score before education is about the effect of large amount of A. lumbricoides in intestines (only 3% respondents answer correctly). After education, there are 19 (28.4%) with good scores, 26 (38.8%) with average scores, and 22 with poor scores (32.8%). There is a significant difference in elementary school teachers’ knowledge before and after education (p < 0,01; marginal homogeneity test). It is concluded that health education is an effective media to increase elementary school teachers’ knowledge of symptoms of ascariasis."

"Handwashing behavior in Indonesia remains a problem. The cause is associated with a lack of awareness in handwashing with soap. This study aimed to determinethe effect of the school community empowerment model on handwashing implementation among elementary school students in DayeuhkolotSubdistrict, Bandung District. This study used quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test, and descriptive and inferential analyses. Samples consistedof 24 teachers, 377 students at 4th ? 6th grade and 24 school-children from the little doctors program. The approach method in this study used integratedschool health efforts (combined model of fit for school and selected school health effort) consisting of six stages. Instruments were knowledge questionnaires,observations and checklist sheets. Handwashing with soap was evaluated for three months. Results found that the score of little doctors in thegood category increased in skill of handwashing with soap from 0% to 100%, the skill among the students who were not little doctors improved in good categoryfrom 0% to 87.5%. School community empowerment affects handwashing behavior among elementary school students.Perilaku mencuci tangan dengan sabun di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah. Penyebabnya dikaitkan dengan kurangnya kesadaran dalam mencuci tanganpakai sabun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan komunitas sekolah terhadap penerapan mencuci tangan di kalangan siswasekolah dasar di Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental dengan pretest dan posttest sertamelakukan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Sampel terdiri dari 24 guru, 377 siswa di kelas 4-6, dan 24 dokter kecil. Metode pendekatan dalam penelitianini menggunakan usaha kesehatan sekolah terpadu (gabungan model fit for school dan UKS terpilih), yang terdiri dari enam tahap. Instrumen terdiri dari kuesionerpengetahuan, lembar observasi, dan lembar checklist. Cuci tangan pakai sabun dievaluasi selama tiga bulan. Hasil menemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatanskor dalam kategori baik untuk keterampilan cuci tangan pakai sabun dokter kecil dari 0% sampai 100% dan keterampilan mencuci tangan pakaisabun pada siswa meningkat dalam kategori baik dari 0% menjadi 87,5%. Pemberdayaan komunitas sekolah memengaruhi perilaku mencuci tangan di kalangansiswa SD."

"Diare masih merupakan penyakit dengan angka morbiditas tinggi di Indonesia. Hasil survei morbiditas yang dilakukan oleh Subdit Diare dan Infeksi Saluran Pencernaan, Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2000-2006 memperlihatkan angka insidens naik. Angka insidens diare pada tahun 2000 sebesar 301/1.000 penduduk, pada tahun 2003 menjadi 347/1.000 penduduk, dan pada tahun 2006 mencapai 423/1.000 penduduk. Namun, pada tahun 2010 angka insidens diare mengalami penurunan menjadi 411/1.000 penduduk. Berdasarkan kelompok umur, angka mortalitas diare memperlihatkan bahwa diare masih menjadi penyebab kematian nomor empat pada semua umur (13,2%). Penyebab kematian nomor satu pada bayi usia 29 hari-11 bulan (31,4%). Dan penyebab kematian nomor satu pada balita usia 1-4 tahun (25,2%) (Riskesdas, 2007). Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan frekuensi jajan anak SD dengan kejadian diare akut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer. Data primer berupa hasil pengujian sampel jajanan di laboratorium dengan metode Membran Saring dan wawancara mengenai diare dan kebiasaan mencuci tangan pada anak SD dengan bantuan kuesioner. Penelitian menemukan bahwa sebagian besar jajanan anak SD terkontaminasi bakteri E. coli (67,7%). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi jajan anak SD berhubungan dengan kejadian diare akut (nilai p = 0,009). Faktor risiko lain seperti umur (p = 0,512), jenis kelamin (p = 0,909), dan kebiasaan mencuci tangan (p = 0,805) tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan kejadian diare akut dengan nilai p > 0,05. Untuk SDN Sukatani 4 dan SDN Sukatani 7, hendaknya menyediakan tempat mencuci tangan khusus dan sabun agar anak sekolah dasar untuk menanamkan kebiasaan mencuci tangan. Selain itu, Sekolah dan Dinkes setempat hendaknya lebih mengawasi pedagang yang makanannya banyak di beli anak sekolah dasar dengan mengadakan penyuluhan mengenai hygiene personal agar makanan yang dijualnya tidak terkontaminasi E. coli.

---

Diarrhea is disease with high morbidity rate in Indonesia. Morbidity research about diarrhea's incident that did by Ministry of Health in 2000-2006 has shown 301/1.000 people in 2000, 347/1.000 people in 2003, 423/1.000 people in 2006. In 2010 incident rate of diarrhea has been decrease become 411/1.000 people (Ministry of Health, 2011). Research of age, morbidity rate of diarrhea has shown number four in all age (13,2%), number one in baby 29 days-11 month (31,4%), and number one in 1- 4 years (25,2%) (Riskesdas, 2007).

The aim of research is see related of frequency's snacking behavior in elementary school with diarrhea acute. This research used primary data. That was laboratory's result of snack sample that checked by Membrane Filter Method and interviewed about diarrhea and hand washing habit to students of elementary high school with questioner.

The research finds that the most of snack sample have contaminated by E. coli (67,7%). The research shows that frequency's snacking behavior of elementary school?s student related with diarrhea acute (p value = 0,009). Another risk factor such as age (0,512), sex (0,909), and hand washing habit (0,805) didn't relate with diarrhea because of p value > 0,05. For, Sukatani 4 and Sukatani 7 Elementary High School, they should prepare washbasin and soap so that the students do washing hand habit. Beside of that, School and Health Service should be control the merchants, especially the merchants that sell the most popular snack. School and Health Service should give the information about hygiene sanitation to the merchants so that their snack no to contaminate by E. coli."