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"Study of oxidation catechol by potato polyphenoloxidase (PFO) inhibited by kluwek fractions and bht: The enzymatic browning reaction of fruits and vegetables are catalysed by polyphenoloxidase(PFO) .Study was carried out to observe the PFO optimal activity condition and the inhibition effect of kluwek fraction (Pangium edule reinw fractions) and bht. The optimum inhibition was observed in addition of 0.05 % fraction A (neutral),0.05% fraction B(weak acid) and 0.10% fraction C(strong acid) that decreased the formation of quinon by 66.29 %.49.59% and 55.62% respectively. The inhibition activity is bht>A>c>b and it's totally different with the inhibition not only determined by the kind of inhibitor but meanly the kind of enzymaticc reaction(enzyme and substrate) "

"Inhibitionactivity of ethyl acetate of kluwek fraction on the linoleic acid oxidation catalysed by lipoxygenase: study was carried out to observe the inhibition activity of ethyl acetate kluwek (fermented pangium edule reinw) fractions on the enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid. The degree oxidation of sample was determined according to the PV and TBA methods. The most active fraction then was treated as the inhibitor for enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid catalyzed by lipoxygenase (E.C. 1.13.11.12). Data analysis shown that the antioxidant activity of kluwek fraction was: fraction B> fractionC> fraction A> control. Enzymatic assay of fraction B gave a kinetic inhibition as an uncompetitive inhibitor with Ki=1.1294% v/v.Physicochemical analysis of its effect to the enzymatic oxidation rate was significantly different according to the PV and TBA values and compared to the control"

"Hiperurisemia merupakan kelainan biokimia dalam uji klinis yang ditandai dengan kadar asam urat dalam darah yang tinggi (lebih besar dari 7,0 mg / dL), terjadi akibat dari produksi yang berlebihan atau kurangnya ekskresi dari asam urat ataupun kombinasi keduanya. Xantin oksidase merupakan metode yang telah banyak digunakan dalam pencarian obat hiperurisemia. Tujuan penelitian ini mengisolasi senyawa aktif dari fraksi etil asetat yang memiliki penghambatan aktivitas xantin oksidase. Serbuk akar di maserasi dengan metanol, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, n-butanol dan air. Fraksi etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 2,49 μg/mL, fraksi ini dilakukan pemisahan secara kromatografi kolom dengan fase diam silika gel dan fase gerak diklorometana : metanol. Isolat memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap xantin oksidase sebesar 1,21 μg/mL. Kinetika penghambatan menggunakan Lineweaver-Burk Plot menunjukkan bahwa isolat mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan yang bersifat kompetitif. Dari hasil identifikasi yang dilakukan diduga isolat yang diperoleh merupakan golongan alkaloid.

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Hyperuricemia is the biochemical abnormalities in clinical practice signed by high level of serum uric acid. It was a result of overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid or combination of both. Xanthine oxidase has been recognized as one of the promising targets for treatment of hyperuricemia.

The purpose of this research is to isolation compound from ethyl acetat fraction which have activity to inhibite xanthine oxidase. The root powder were maserated with methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetat, dan n-buthanol. Successfully, ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 values 2.49 μg/mL, this fraction was separated by column chromatography with stationary phase silica gel dan mobile phase dichloromethane : methanol. Isolate had activity to inhibite xanthine oxidase with IC50 values 1.21 μg / mL.

The kinetics of inhibition with Lineweaver-Burk Plot showed that the isolate was a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Based on identification, isolate was indicated of alkaloid groups."

"Xantin oksidase mengkatalisis oksidasi hipoxantin dan xantin menjadi asam urat. Kadar asam urat yang meningkat memiliki keterkaitan terhadap penyakit hiperurisemia, yaitu kelainan biokimiawi yang ditandai dengan kadar asam urat dalam darah yang tinggi (7 mg/dL untuk laki-laki dan 6 mg/dL untuk wanita). Salah satu tanaman obat yang telah dilaporkan mempunyai efek terhadap penyakit hiperurisemia adalah Averrhoa bilimbi L. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai penghambatan dari fraksi etil asetat daun Averrhoa bilimbi L. dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimianya. Serbuk daun dimaserasi dengan metanol 80%, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi menggunakan corong pisah dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat. Selanjutnya fraksinasi dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi kolom dari fraksi etil asetat dengan fase diam silika gel dan fase gerak heksan : etil asetat diperoleh 26 fraksi, 5 fraksi dengan bobot terbesar dilakukan uji penghambatan aktivitas xantin oksidase. Fraksi teraktif adalah fraksi Y dengan nilai IC50 21,92 μg/mL. Kinetika penghambatan menggunakan Plot Lineweaver-Burk menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Y mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan yang bersifat kompetitif. Dari hasil identifikasi yang dilakukan, fraksi Y yang diperoleh merupakan golongan fenol dan flavonoid.

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Xanthine oxidase catalyses oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. Increasing uric acid levels have related to hyperurisemia, which is a biochemical abnormalities signed by high level of serum uric acid. It was result of overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid or combination of both. The purpose of this research was to fractionated, the ability Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity and identification of chemical constituents. The powder leaves were maserated with 80% methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The next partition was separated by column chromatography from ethyl acetate fraction with stationary phase silica gel dan mobile phase n-hexane : ethyl acetate. The result is, fraction Y by fraction ethyl acetate had activity to xanthine oxidase with IC50 values 21.92 μg/mL. The kinetics of inhibition with Lineweaver-Burk Plot showed that the fraction Y was a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Based on identification, fraction Y was indicated of fenol and flavonoid groups."

"Xantin oksidase merupakan salah satu enzim kunci yang berperan penting dalam hiperurisemia, mengkatalisis oksidasi hipoxantin menjadi xantin dan xantin menjadi asam urat. Hiperurisemia adalah gangguan metabolisme dimana produksi asam urat berlebih dan merupakan faktor utama untuk risiko perkembangan gout yang ditandai dengan pengendapan kristal monosodium urat pada sendi menyebabkan peradangan yang menyakitkan. Salah satu pengobatan hiperurisemia adalah menghambat xantin oksidase sehingga produksi asam urat berkurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi inhibitor xantin oksidase dari fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol, dan metanol pada daging buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. dalam menghambat aktivitas xantin oksidase. Serbuk simplisia dimaserasi dengan metanol 80%, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol, dan metanol secara berurut-urut. Fraksi etil asetat merupakan fraksi teraktif karena mempunyai nilai persentase inhibisi enzim tertinggi dan mempunyai nilai IC50 19,23 μg/mL. Uji kinetika enzim menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan kompetitif. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa yang telah dilakukan, fraksi etil asetat mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin, polifenol, glikosida, dan saponin.

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Xanthine oxidase is one of the key enzymes playing an important role in hyperuricemia, catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. Hyperuricemia is a metabolism disorder in which excessive uric acid production and is a major factor for the risk of developing gout is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints leading to painful inflammation. One of the treatments of hyperuricemia is by inhibiting xanthine oxidase resulting in the production of uric acid is reduced. This study aimed to identify the xanthine oxidase inhibitors from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. fruits pericap to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase. Simplicia powder was macerated by 80% methanol, and then was fractionated by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol, respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction is the most active fraction because it has the highest value and the percentage of inhibition of the enzyme have IC50 values of 19,23 μg/mL. Kinetic enzyme assay showed that ethyl acetate fraction had a competitive inhibitory activity. Identification of the compound that results had been performed, ethyl acetate fraction containing of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, polyphenols, glycosides, and saponins."