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"Kejadian kanker kolon mayoritas terjadi secara sporadik. Berbagai faktor non-inherited yang dipikirkan sebagai penyebab kanker kolon merupakan kombinasi antara faktor diet dan lingkungan. Kedua faktor ini menyebabkan mutasi somatik pada berbagai gen spesifik dalam pembentukan kanker kolon. Di antara berbagai faktor, butirat (dibentuk dalam proses fermentasi fiber) mungkin mempunyai peranan yang penting sebagai zat kemoprotektif terhadap kanker kolon. Sumber butirat dalam makanan sehari-hari berasal dari makanan yang mengandung kulit gandum. Pada tingkat molekuler, butirat menyebabkan asetilasi histon, meningkatkan diferensiasi berbagai sel, menginduksi terjadinya apoptosis dan meregulasi ekspresi dari berbagai onkogen. Faktor-faktor ini yang menjadi alasan butirat mempunyai efek protektif terhadap kanker kolon. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)

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The majority of colon cancers occur sporadically. They are thougth to be caused by non-inherited factors such as a combination of diet and environmental factors, which result in somatic mutations of specific genes. Among dietary factors butyrate which is derived from fermentable fibers may have important role as chemoprotector against colorectal cancer. The source of butyrate in daily diet mostly come from wheat products especially wheat bran. At molecular level, butyrate causes hystone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expressions of various oncogens. These effects suggest that butyrate may be protective against colorectal cancers. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)"

"Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko mayor penyakit jantung koroner. Modifikasi diet saat ini telah terbukti bermanfaat sebagai terapi inisial dalam penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian double blind contolled studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas "soluble fiber" (serat larut) sebagai terapi tambahan diet rendah kalori pada populasi Indonesia dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Pasien pria/wanita dengan kadar kolesterol 200-300mg% dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah 1 minggu periode adaptasi, pasien dirandomisasi untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok terapi (soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari) atau kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu dengan tetap melanjutkan terapi diet.Hasil : Kadar kolesterol total turun 5.59% pada kelompok terapi sedangkan penurunan pada kelompok kontrol hanya 0.6% (p < 0.05). Kolesterol LDL pada kelompok terapi turun sebesar 4.22% pada kelompok terapi. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol justru meningkat sebesar 2.58% (p< 0.05). Terdapat pula penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL dalam 8 minggu (16% vs 8%) (p = 0.005). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada indikator-indikator lain di antara kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan : Pemberian soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL pada pria dan wanita dengan hiperkolesterolemia primer. Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar glukosa maupun elektrolit akibat konsumsi soluble fiber.

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Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. It has been proven that nutrition management is the initial therapeutic approach in hypercholesterolemic cases. This double blind controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of "soluble fiber" as an adjunct to low energy Indonesian diet in the treatment of persons with hypercholesterolemia. Male and female with hypercholesterolemia were recruited. After run in period for one week (dietary adaptation phase), eligible subjects with serum cholesterol concentrations between 200 mg% and 300 mg% were randomly assigned to receive either 8.4 g/day ?soluble fiber? or a cellulose placebo for 8 wk while continuing diet therapy.

Results: Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased 5.59 % and 4.22 %. Serum total in the placebo group were decreased 0.60 %, and LDL-cholesterol were increased 2.58 % after eight wk (P < 0.05). Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Treatment with 8.4 g "soluble fiber" per day produces significant net reductions in serum total (5,59%) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (4,22%), but also reduced HDL Cholesterol level significantly in male and female with primary hypercholesterolemia."

"This book covers the current state-of-the art knowledge on the impact of nutrition and diet with nutrigenetics, nutritional epigenomics, nutritional transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approach in cancer prevention and therapy."

"Fiber is not digested or absorbed in the small intestine. The main site of action of fiber is in the colon. Inthe colon, fiber will increase stool output and frequency. Increase stool water, dilute the colonic content,reduce the toxins, bile acid, increase colonic fermentation and also stimulate probiotic growth.Some meta-analysis of observational epidemologic and case contro studies have faund a protectiveeffect of dietary fiber against colon cancer that increase with intake. Therefore, the high fiber diet is healthy recommendation to prevent various gastrointestinal disorders."