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"Calamus vitiensis, previously known to occur only in Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland), the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Fiji is now also found in the mountainous area of Batudulang, West Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. This paper presents a complete report of the description, notes, and illustrations of the species."

"Penelitian mengenai pengaruh gradien ketinggian terhadap variasi morfologi rotan Calamus javensis Blume (Arecaceae) telah dilakukan di Gunung Kendeng, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS), Jawa Barat. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan mengetahui variasi morfologi, sebaran variasi morfologi populasi C. javensis terhadap ketinggian, serta mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi tertentu yang dipengaruhi ketinggian. Sebanyak 16 karakter morfologi C. javensis yang meliputi organ batang dan daun dianalisis menggunakan Cluster Analysis (CA) dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Penelitian dilakukan pada kisaran ketinggian 1000--1300 mdpl, namun populasi C. javensis di Gunung Kendeng sudah tidak dijumpai pada ketinggian 1200--1300 mdpl. Hasil CA menunjukkan adanya 3 kelompok C. javensis berdasarkan variasi morfologi di Gunung Kendeng, TNGHS. Kelompok 3 yang memiliki karakter jumlah duri jarang serta leaflet basal spreading merupakan C. javensis var. inermis. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa karakter yang berperan dalam variasi morfologi populasi C. javensis meliputi leaflet basal, jumlah duri upih, panjang petiolus, bentuk leaflet basal, diameter batang, dan panjang duri upih. Sebaran variasi morfologi berdasarkan ketinggian masih tumpang tindih. Hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan bahwa gradien ketinggian tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada ke-16 karakter morfologi populasi C. javensis pada ketinggian 1000--1200 mdpl. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakter morfologi dari C. javensis pada ketinggian 1000--1200 mdpl di gunung Kendeng belum menunjukkan clinal variation.

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Altitudinal gradient effect on morphological characters of Calamus javensis Blume (Arecaceae) has been studied in Mountain Kendeng, Mountain Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP), West Java. The goals of this study were to analyze morphological variation and variation distribution of C. javensis population, also to identify certain characters that affected by altitudinal gradient. 16 morphological characters from stem and leaf were analyzed using Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The range of altitude that used in this study was 1000--1300 mdpl, but C. javensis population was absent in 1200--1300 mdpl. CA classified C. javensis specimens into 3 groups. The third group, characterized by few spines on its leaf sheath and spreading basal leaflet, was identified as C. javensis var. inermis. Characters that were analyzed using PCA showed that basal leaflet, spine abundance of leaf sheath, petiole length, basal leaflet shape, stem diameter, and leaf sheath spine length were important characters in morphological variation of C. javensis. Morphological variation of C. javensis showed overlapped distribution. Simple linear regression analysis showed there was no character of C. javensis that significantly affected by altitudinal gradient. In conclusion, morphological characters of C. javensis population in Mountain Kendeng, MHSNP, from 1000 to 1200 m.a.s.l. had not showed the clinal variation yet."

"ABSTRACTKultur in vitro gametofit lumut berdaun masih menghadapi hambatan dalam sterilisasi eksplan sampai sekarang. Kendala ini terkait dengan struktur sederhana lumut hati yang mudah rusak setelah terpapar desinfektan dan tingkat kontaminasi kultur yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode sterilisasi yang mampu menekan kontaminasi dengan viabilitas eksplan yang tinggi dalam kultur gametofit lumut hati Lopholejeunea sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode sterilisasi yang berbeda. Metode sterilisasi I terdiri dari kontrol dan 6 kombinasi pengobatan dengan konsentrasi Bayclin (0,5%, 0,75% dan 1%) dengan waktu pemaparan (60 detik dan 90 detik) disertai dengan penambahan 2,5 mg / ml tetrasiklin. Metode sterilisasi II terdiri dari kontrol dan 2 kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi Bayclin sebesar 0,75% dengan waktu pemaparan (60 detik dan 90 detik) disertai dengan penambahan 35% alkohol, Dithane 1%, dan tetrasiklin 2,5 mg / ml. Setiap metode sterilisasi terdiri dari 10 sampel. Parameter kualitatif yang diamati, yaitu lokasi kontaminasi, jenis kontaminan, warna dari eksplan setelah sterilisasi dan hari terakhir pengamatan, juga pengamatan pertumbuhan eksplan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis pada hari ke-30. Parameter kuantitatif adalah persentase kontaminasi, persentase jenis dan lokasi kontaminasi, dan kuantifikasi pertumbuhan eksplan berdasarkan persentase pertumbuhan dan jumlah cabang. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa metode sterilisasi I adalah metode yang lebih baik karena walaupun kontaminasi serendah 80%, tetapi eksplan masih dapat tumbuh pada hari ke-14 setelah tanam. Jenis kontaminasi yang paling umum ditemukan dalam kedua metode sterilisasi adalah bakteri dan jamur yang muncul dari internal. Eksplan gametofit dari Lopholejeunea sp. juga menunjukkan pertumbuhan bahkan dalam kondisi yang terkontaminasi, kecuali kontaminasi jamur tosca.

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ABSTRACTIn vitro culture of leafy moss gametophyte still faces obstacles in explant sterilization until now. This constraint is related to the simple structure of liverworts that can be easily damaged after exposure to disinfectants and high levels of culture contamination. This study aims to determine the sterilization method that is able to reduce contamination with high explant viability in the gamutophyte culture of liverworm Lopholejeunea sp. This study uses two different sterilization methods. The sterilization method I consisted of control and 6 treatment combinations with Bayclin concentration (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) with exposure time (60 seconds and 90 seconds) accompanied by the addition of 2.5 mg / ml tetracycline. The sterilization method II consisted of control and 2 treatment combinations of Bayclin concentration of 0.75% with exposure time (60 seconds and 90 seconds) accompanied by the addition of 35% alcohol, 1% Dithane, and tetracycline 2.5 mg / ml. Each sterilization method consists of 10 samples. Qualitative parameters were observed, namely the location of contamination, type of contaminant, the color of explants after sterilization and the last day of observation, also observations of explant growth macroscopically and microscopically on the 30th day. Quantitative parameters are the percentage of contamination, the percentage of species and locations of contamination, and the quantification of explant growth based on growth percentage and number of branches. The results obtained in this study are that the sterilization method I is a better method because even though contamination is as low as 80%, explants can still grow on the 14th day after planting. The most common types of contamination found in the two methods of sterilization are bacteria and fungi that arise from the internal. Gametophyte explants from Lopholejeunea sp. also shows growth even under contaminated conditions, except tosca mushroom contamination."

"Rattan is one of natural resources of Indonesia which contains 30%-40% cellulose. its high cellulose contents makes it very potential as a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this research, manau rattan was characterized by using the chesson methods. Microcrystalline cellulose was prepared by using two methods, i.e. alkalization and acid hydrolysis. Alkalization was performed by soaking manau rattan powder into sodium hydroxide 17,5% for 8 hours. Acid hydrolysis was prepared by using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 M ; 0.3 M; and 0.5 M for 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. The crystallinity MCC of 72.42% was obtained from acid hydrolysis with 0.5 M for 10 hours. The crystallinity of the MCC product increases with concentration and hydrolysis time"