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"Dalam skripsi ini dibahas pemodelan sistem fuzzy statis dan proses penetapan konstanta parameternya. Dalam pemodelan sistem fuzzy statis ada lima hal yang harus ditetapkan, variabel input, subhimpunan fuzzy, fungsi keanggotaan himpunan fuzzy, relasi input-output dan konstanta parameter. Algoritma input-output dalam sistem fuzzy statis diaplikasikan untuk melengkapi proses pemodelan sistem fuzzy statis. Penetapan konstanta parameter, dilakukan sedemikian sehingga eror antara nilai output dari model dan data output yang sebenarnya adalah minimum. Dalam skripsi ini, metode yang akan digunakan dalam menetapkan konstanta parameter adalah metode Least-Square.

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This mini thesis discusses static fuzzy system modeling and the process of determining its constant parameter. In static fuzzy system modeling, there are five items that must be considered, they are input variables, fuzzy subset, membership function of fuzzy set, input-output relations, and constant parameter. Input-output algorithm in static fuzzy system is applied to complete the static fuzzy system modeling process. Determining constant parameters are done such that the error between output value and real output data is minimum. In this mini thesis, Least-Square method is used in determining the constant parameter."

"The Westinghouse AP1000 is a new design nuclear power plant which has implemented the concept of passive system. Even though a passive system may be more reliable than an active one, the possibility of the passive system to fail still exists. In line with this possibility, generic database have been used to study the reliability of the AP1000 passive safety system. However, since the used data are not specific to the AP1000, the results of the analysis will not show its real performance. This study proposes a fuzzy reliability approach to overcome this problem. The proposed fuzzy reliability approach utilizes the concept of failure possibility to qualitatively describe basic event likely occurences and membership functions of triangular fuzzy numbers to quantitatively represent qualitative failure possibilities. A case-based experiment on reliability study of the AP1000 passive safety system involved to mitigate a large break loss of collant accident is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach. By comparisons, probabilities of basic events generated by the proposed approach are very close to the ones which have been used by previous reliability studies. This can be observed from the small numbers of relative errors, i.e. between 0.004125 and 0.079635. These results confirm that the fuzzy reliability approach offers a more realistic technique to study the reliability of the AP1000 passive safety system without the need to engage to precise probability distributions of its components which are currently unavailable."

"Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan penyakit yang memiliki beberapa faktor resiko. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain peningkatan usia, kebiasaan merokok, tekanan darah tinggi, rendahnya kadar kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), serta peningkatan kadar trigliserida. Penanganan hiperkolesterolemia secara modern menggunakan obat-obatan sintetik sering menyebabkan beberapa resiko efek samping. Penggunaan obat tradisional yang salah satunya jamu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dari obat-obatan sintetik dengan efek samping yang minim. Oleh karena itu, diformulasikan penggunaan tanaman herbal yang bertujuan untuk menggantikan proses pengobatan salah satunya adalah tanaman keji beling. Perolehan ekstrak dari tanaman keji beling dapat menggunakan metode Microwave Ultrasound Assisted Enzymatic Extraction-Aqueous Two-Phase System sebagai teknik yang dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi kuersetin dalam ekstrak tanaman keji beling. Uji kandungan kuersetin menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 415 nm. Variasi yang dilakukan pada ATPS terhadap kuersetin yaitu jenis garam, konsentrasi garam dan konsentrasi etanol. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan penentuan kada kuersetin dalam ekstrak tanaman keji beling. Kuersetin dengan recovery tertinggi didapatkan pada jenis garam ammonium sulfat dengan konsentrasi etanol 31% dan konsentrasi garam 17%. Kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak tanaman keji beling yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan kondisi optimum ATPS sebesar 1,6157 mg/g. Aktivitas penurunan kolesterol untuk senyawa aktif tanaman keji beling didapatkan senyawa kuersetin memiliki  hasil yang baik sebagai inhibitor enzim HMG-CoA Reduktase dengan hasil afinitas sebesar -7,8 kcal/mol

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Hypercholesterolemia is a disease that has several risk factors. These factors include increased age, smoking habits, high blood pressure, low levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and increased levels of triglycerides. Modern hypercholesterolemia management using synthetic drugs often causes several risks of side effects. The use of traditional medicine, one of which is herbal medicine, can be used as an alternative to synthetic medicines with minimal side effects. Therefore, it is formulated to use herbal plants that aim to replace the treatment process, one of which is keji beling plants. Acquiring extracts from keji beling plants can use the method of Microwave Ultrasound Assisted Enzymatic Extraction-Aqueous Two-Phase System as a technique that can increase the concentration of quercetin in extracts of keji beling plants. Quercetin content test using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 415 nm. Variations made on ATPS to quercetin are salt type, salt concentration and ethanol concentration. In this study also determined the determination of quercetin in extracts of keji beling. Quercetin with the highest recovery was found in the type of ammonium sulfate salt with an ethanol concentration of 31% and a salt concentration of 17%. The total flavonoid content of the keji beling plant extract obtained using the optimum ATPS conditions was 1,6157 mg/g. Cholesterol-lowering activity for the active compound of shardy plant obtained quercetin compound has good results as an inhibitor of the HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme with a affinity score of -7,8 kcal/mol."

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari karakteristik termal dari Vertical Two Phase Closed Thermosyphon (VTPCT) yang berfungsi sebagai pendingin pasif Spent Fuel Storage Pool di reaktor nuklir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah eksperimental. Eksperimen yang dilakukan berfokus pada pencarian nilai resistansi termal dan performa terbaik dari VTPCT dengan beberapa variasi parameter uji. Parameter yang divariasikan adalah tekanan inisiasi, laju aliran air pendingin, dan beban kalor. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa tekanan inisiasi -740 mmHg dan laju aliran pendingin 4 liter/menit akan menghasilkan resistansi termal dan performa terbaik pada beban kalor maksimal.

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ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is to find the thermal characteristic of vertical two-phase closed thermosyphon as a passive cooling system in spent fuel storage pool nuclear reactor. The method that used in this research is experimental. The focus of the experiment is to investigate the influence of some parameters on VTPCT?s performance and thermal resistance. Parameters are varied in initial pressure, coolant flow rate, and heat input. Based on the experiment result, we can conclude that the performance and thermal resistance of VTPCT will reach the best value when the initial pressure and the coolant flow rate are -740 mmH and 4 liters/minutes."

"Pemanfaatan sistem photovoltaic (PV) sangat penting dalam mencapai Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) nomor 7, yang bertujuan menyediakan energi bersih dan terjangkau untuk semua. Namun, salah satu kendala utama yang dihadapi dalam implementasi PV adalah efisiensi yang masih belum optimal, terutama dalam kondisi lingkungan yang berubah-ubah. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan algoritma MPPT Incremental Conductance yang dikombinasikan dengan implementasi two-phase interleaved boost converter untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sistem PV dan mengurangi nilai ripple. Seluruh pengujian dilakukan melalui simulasi pada perangkat lunak Simulink MATLAB, serta menggunakan data aktual iradiasi dan suhu dari beberapa hari di bulan Agustus 2023. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa algoritma MPPT Incremental Conductance terbukti efektif dalam menemukan titik kerja optimal sistem PV pada kondisi Standard Test Conditions (STC). Implementasi two-phase interleaved boost converter pada sistem PV meningkatkan efisiensi daya keluaran secara signifikan, dengan penurunan persentase error dari 9.05% menjadi 5.85%, serta mengurangi ripple dari 2.31% menjadi 1.22%. Meskipun perubahan pada parameter dinamik tidak signifikan, dengan tracking speed yang hanya berubah sedikit dari 0.55 detik menjadi 0.53 detik, sistem MPPT ini mampu merespon perubahan kondisi lingkungan secara efektif, menjaga titik kerja optimal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi MPPT Incremental Conductance dan two-phase interleaved boost converter efektif meningkatkan performa sistem pada kondisi iradiasi lebih dari 684 W/m2 hingga 1000 W/m2.

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The utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial in achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 7, which aims to provide clean and affordable energy for all. However, one of the main challenges in the implementation of PV systems is the suboptimal efficiency, particularly under varying environmental conditions. In this study, the Incremental Conductance MPPT algorithm was used in combination with the implementation of a two-phase interleaved boost converter to improve the efficiency of the PV system and reduce ripple values. All testing was conducted through simulations in Simulink MATLAB software, using actual irradiation and temperature data from several days in August 2023. The simulation results showed that the Incremental Conductance MPPT algorithm effectively found the optimal operating point of the PV system under Standard Test Conditions (STC). The implementation of the two-phase interleaved boost converter in the PV system significantly increased the output power efficiency, with a reduction in error percentage from 9.05% to 5.85%, and reduced ripple from 2.31% to 1.22%. Although the changes in dynamic parameters were not significant, with tracking speed only slightly changing from 0.55 seconds to 0.53 seconds, this MPPT system was able to respond effectively to environmental condition changes, maintaining the optimal operating point. The results of this study indicate that the combination of the Incremental Conductance MPPT and two-phase interleaved boost converter is effective in improving system performance under irradiation conditions from 684 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2."

"Identifikasi retina merupakan metode identifikasi biometrik dengan tingkat kesalahan rendah melalui pola-pola unik pembuluh darah di bagian belakang retina. Pola-pola ini dapat digunakan sebagai data latih logika neuro fuzzy untuk kemudian digunakan sebagai pembanding pada saat identifikasi dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali citra retina mata manusia, baik bagian kiri maupun kanan, menggunakan teknik pengolahan citra dan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Pada proses pengenalan retina ini, citra digital yang sudah diakuisisi akan dicrop dan dibagi menjadi image block berukuran 4x4. Kemudian blok citra dikonversi dari format Red Green Blue (RGB) menjadi format Hue Saturation Value (HSV). Untuk mendapatkan parameter fitur warna HSV, setiap komponen warna HSV dihitung nilai rata-ratanya. Nilai rata-rata HSV dimasukkan ke dalam database dan dilatih dengan ANFIS yang terdiri atas 2 jenis membership function, yaitu Gaussian dan Trapesium dengan 3 input dan 1 ouput.Dari hasil uji coba, hasil identifikasi memiliki tingkat akurasi hingga 65% untuk membership function Trapesium dan 80% untuk membership function Gaussian dengan 60 kali pelatihan ANFIS.

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Retina identification is a biometric identification method which has very low error rate using a unique blood vessel pattern in the back of the retina. The identification involved an infrared scanned retina imagery which is analyzed using image processing technique to derive the color characteristics and then trained into the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).The objective of this research to identify a person?s identity from his/her retina image. The identification process is started by cropping the digital retina image then transformed into an 4x4 image block. The image block is then converted from Red Green Blue (RGB) color format to the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) format. Each color component of HSV values is then averaged, saved to a database and trained using ANFIS. The Neuro fuzzy used Gaussian and Trapezoid membership function which have 3 input and 1 ouput, respectively.The simulation results showed the identification system has an accuracy rate up to 65% and up to 80%, for Trapezoid and Gaussian membership function, respectively. This results are achieved using 60 training data in the ANFIS."

"The purpose of this book is to present a methodology for designing and tuning fuzzy expert systems in order to identify nonlinear objects; that is, to build input-output models using expert and experimental information. The results of these identifications are used for direct and inverse fuzzy evidence in forecasting and diagnosis problem solving.The book is organised as follows : Chapter 1 presents the basic knowledge about fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms and neural nets necessary for a clear understanding of the rest of this book. Chapter 2 analyzes direct fuzzy inference based on fuzzy if-then rules. Chapter 3 is devoted to the tuning of fuzzy rules for direct inference using genetic algorithms and neural nets. Chapter 4 presents models and algorithms for extracting fuzzy rules from experimental data. Chapter 5 describes a method for solving fuzzy logic equations necessary for the inverse fuzzy inference in diagnostic systems. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to inverse fuzzy inference based on fuzzy relations and fuzzy rules. Chapter 8 presents a method for extracting fuzzy relations from data. All the algorithms presented in Chapters 2-8 are validated by computer experiments and illustrated by solving medical and technical forecasting and diagnosis problems. Finally, Chapter 9 includes applications of the proposed methodology in dynamic and inventory control systems, prediction of results of football games, decision making in road accident investigations, project management and reliability analysis. "