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"Written by internationally eminent experts in cardiovascular imaging, this volume provides state-of-the-art information on the use of MRI and CT in the assessment of cardiac and vascular diseases. This third edition, now in four-color, reflects recent significant advances in cardiovascular MRI technology and the continuing emergence of multi-detector CT as an important diagnostic modality, particularly for ischemic heart disease. Seven new chapters have been added including chapters on anatomy, cardiovascular MR in infants/​children, assessing myocardial viability, risk assessment in ischemic heart disease and MR guidance."

"The book begins with a synopsis of the fundamentals aspects of fluid mechanics to give the reader the essential background to address the proceeding chapters. Then the fundamental elements of vortex dynamics will be discussed, explaining the conditions for their formation and the rules governing their dynamics. The main equations are accompanied by mathematical models. Cardiovascular vortex formation is first analyzed in physiological, healthy conditions in the heart chambers and in the large arterial vessels. The analysis is initially presented with an intuitive appeal grounded on the physical phenomena and a focus on its clinical significance.In the proceeding chapters, the knowledge gained from either clinical or basic science literature will be discussed. The corresponding mathematical elements will finally be presented to ensure the adequate diligence. The proceeding chapters ensue to the analysis of pathological conditions, when the reader may have developed the ability to recognize normal from abnormal vortex formation phenomenon. Pathological vortex formation represents vortices that develop at sites where normally laminar flow should exist, e.g. stenosis and aneurisms. This analysis naturally leads to the interaction of vortices due to the surgical procedures with respect to prediction of changes in vortex formation. The existing techniques, from medical imaging to numerical simulations, to explore vortex flows in the cardiovascular systems will also be described. "

"Acute effects of particulate matter on cardiovascular events --Chronic effects of air pollution on the risk of myocardial infarction --Chronic effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health --Particle characterization --Exposure assessment for ambient ultrafine particles --From exposure to dose --Translocation of inhaled nanoparticles --Role of chemical composition in determining the cardiovascular effects of particles --In vitro studies --Experimental studies in animals --Human exposure studies --Panel studies --Particulates and oxidative stress --Role of inflammation in the atherogenic effects of particulate matter --Inhaled particles, postprandial lipids and their possible contribution to atherogenesis : the Trojan horse hypothesis --Inhaled particulate matter and atherosclerosis in humans --Effects of nanoparticles on the pulmonary vasculature --Particulate matter, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome --Particles and the vascular endothelium --Particles, coagulation, and thrombosis --Particles and the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis --Particles and the autonomic nervous system --Air pollution and arrhythmia --Risk assessment --Environmental regulation of particulate matter --From ambient ultrafine particles to nanotechnology and nanotoxicology."

"Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is believed to lead to an increased susceptibility to infection, or cause impaired immunity. Infection, occurring with malnutrition, is a major cause of morbidity in all age groups and is responsible for two-thirds of all death under 5 yr of age in developing countries. Many cells of the immune system are known to depend for their function on metabolic pathways that employ various nutrients as critical factors. The most consistent changes in immune competence in PEM are in cell-mediated immunity, the bactericidal function of neutrophils, the complement system, the secretory immunoglobin A, and antibody response."

"Apoteker adalah profesi yang memberikan pelayanan farmasi klinik dengan berorientasi pada pasien, bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil terapi obat dan mengurangi risiko efek samping. Dalam praktiknya, apoteker sebagai decision maker pada konsep 10-star pharmacist, diharapkan untuk mengambil keputusan yang baik, dimana hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan pendekatan pengobatan berbasis bukti atau evidence-based medicine (EBM). Penggunaan bukti yang dapat diandalkan sangat penting dalam membuat keputusan terhadap terapi untuk pasien. Contohnya adalah pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular di Indonesia yang semakin berkembang, sedangkan tiap pasien memiliki kondisi unik yang mungkin memerlukan penanganan yang berbeda-beda. Keputusan penggunaan obat selalu mempertimbangkan kemanan dan khasiat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dengan risiko yang minimal. Dalam laporan ini, jurnal tentang efek obat kardiovaskular oleh Ma et al., (2021) ditelaah secara kritis berdasarkan EBM, dan jurnal oleh Adesuyan et al., (2022) dirangkum. Telaah kritis jurnal tentang efek obat kardiovaskular yang mengacu pada appraisal tools oleh Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Hasil dari telaah kritis jurnal oleh Ma et al., (2021) menegaskan keandalan data studi, namun diperlukan penelusuran lebih lanjut untuk memastikan keamanan penggunaan 4-5 obat kombinasi untuk mengatasi stroke iskemik dan serangan iskemik transien pada populasi Indonesia. Ringkasan tinjauan sistematis dari Adesuyan et al., (2022) menunjukkan bahwa obat antihipertensi golongan angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) dapat secara signifikan mengurangi risiko Alzheimer's disease, dengan analisis sensitivitas dan heterogenitas yang tinggi sebagai penegasnya.

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A pharmacist is a profession who provides patient-oriented clinical pharmacy services, aiming to improve the results of drug therapy and reduce the risk of side effects. In practice, pharmacists as decision-makers in the 10-star pharmacist concept, are expected to make good decisions, which can be achieved through an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach. The use of reliable evidence is essential in making therapeutic decisions for patients. For example, with the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia, each patient may have unique conditions that require individualized treatment. Decisions regarding drug use always consider safety and efficacy to enhance the patient's quality of life with minimal risk. In this report, a journal about the effects of cardiovascular drugs by Ma et al., (2021) is critically appraised based on EBM, and a journal by Adesuyan et al., (2022) is summarized. Critical appraisal of journal on the effects of cardiovascular drugs referring to appraisal tools by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). The results of a critical appraisal of the journal by Ma et al., (2021) confirm the reliability of the study data, but further investigation is needed to ensure the safety of using 4-5 combination drugs to treat ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks in Indonesian population. The systematic review journal summary from Adesuyan et al., (2022) shows that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) antihypertensive drugs can significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with high sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis as confirmation."

"Terapi kardiovaskular merupakan aspek penting dalam pengobatan penyakit kardiovaskular yang umumnya kompleks dan memerlukan perhatian khusus dalam peresepan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terapi kardiovaskular berdasarkan resep yang diterima di Apotek Roxy serta mengidentifikasi pengaruh peresepan proton pump inhibitor (PPI) terhadap terapi kardiovaskular. Analisis dilakukan untuk menilai pola peresepan obat kardiovaskular, proporsi pasien yang menerima PPI sebagai bagian dari terapi, dan hubungan antara peresepan PPI dengan jenis dan dosis obat kardiovaskular yang digunakan. Selain itu, diperhatikan pula aspek administrasi, farmasetik, dan klinis dari resep yang diambil. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data resep dari pasien yang mengambil obat kardiovaskular di Apotek Roxy selama periode tertentu. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup jenis obat kardiovaskular yang diresepkan, dosis, frekuensi, serta apakah PPI juga diresepkan bersamaan dengan obat kardiovaskular. Hasil analisis diketahui bahwa resep telah memenuhi aspek farmasetik dan aspek klinis. Namun, pada aspek administrasi terdapat data seperti berat badan pasien, nomor telepon, dan tanggal penulisan resep yang tidak tercantum di dalam resep. Kemudian, diketahui pula bahwa penggunaan obat golongan proton pump inhibitor dan antiplatelet perlu dilakukan monitoring dan perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pasien. Temuan ini dapat berguna bagi profesional kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman tentang interaksi obat dan potensi efek samping yang perlu diperhatikan saat meresepkan kombinasi obat kardiovaskular dan PPI. Untuk itu, dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi bagi Apotek Roxy dan profesional kesehatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas peresepan obat kardiovaskular dan memastikan terapi yang optimal bagi pasien dengan kondisi kardiovaskular.

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disease which is generally complex and requires special attention in drug prescribing. This study aims to analyze cardiovascular therapy based on prescriptions received at Roxy Pharmacy and to identify the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions on cardiovascular therapy. Analyzes were performed to assess patterns of cardiovascular drug prescribing, the proportion of patients receiving PPIs as part of their therapy, and the relationship between PPI prescriptions and the type and dose of cardiovascular drugs used. In addition, administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects of the prescriptions taken were also considered. This research method used a retrospective approach by collecting prescription data from patients who took cardiovascular drugs at the Roxy Pharmacy during a certain period. The data collected included the type of cardiovascular drug prescribed, dosage, frequency, and whether PPIs were also prescribed concomitantly with cardiovascular drugs. The results of the analysis revealed that the prescription met the pharmaceutical and clinical aspects. However, in the administrative aspect there are data such as the patient's weight, telephone number, and the date of writing the prescription that is not included in the prescription. Then, it is also known that the use of proton pump inhibitor and antiplatelet class drugs needs to be monitored and needs to be adjusted to the needs of the patient. These findings could be useful to healthcare professionals in increasing understanding of drug interactions and potential side effects to watch for when prescribing combinations of cardiovascular drugs and PPIs. For this reason, this research is expected to provide recommendations for Roxy Pharmacy and health professionals in improving the quality of cardiovascular drug prescribing and ensuring optimal therapy for patients with cardiovascular conditions."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan secara global, dimana diperkirakan 17,9 juta orang meninggal akibat penyakit kardiovaskular pada tahun 2019, mewakili 32% dari semua kematian global. Penyakit kronis lainnya yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di dunia adalah diabetes, dimana sekitar 1,5 juta kematian secara langsung dikaitkan dengan diabetes setiap tahunnya. Kedua penyakit tersebut dapat saling berkaitan, karena seiring berjalannya waktu, gula darah tinggi dapat merusak pembuluh darah dan saraf yang mengendalikan jantung. Penderita diabetes juga lebih cenderung memiliki kondisi lain yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, seperti tekanan darah tinggi dapat dapat merusak dinding arteri, maka diperlukan kajian terapi farmakologis yang dilakukan oleh apoteker untuk penyakit tersebut dalam peresepannya, untuk memastikan bahwa pasien mendapatkan terapi yang sesuai, tepat dosis, waktu, dan indikasinya untuk mengurangi terjadinya perburukan gejala dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Laporan praktik kerja ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terapi kardiovaskular oleh dokter berdasarkan resep yang masuk di Apotek Roxy Ciledug serta pengaruh obat – obatan kardiovaskular terhadap penyakit diabetes, mengkaji resep serta tatalaksana dan obat pilihan yang digunakan untuk pasien kardiovaskular, serta memahami pengaruh obat kardiovaskular terhadap penyakit diabetes. Pada resep yang disampling, terdapat delapan obat yang diresepkan dan terdapat resiko interaksi obat antara empagliflozin dan obat diuretik (furosemid, spironolakton, dan hidroklorotiazid), serta interaksi antar sesama obat diuretik, dan diketahui bahwa pengaruh obat diabetes dengan obat kardiovaskular dapat bersifat kardioprotektif

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally, with an estimated 17.9 million people dying from cardiovascular disease in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Another chronic disease that has a high prevalence in the world is diabetes, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths directly attributed each year. The two diseases can be linked, as over time, high blood sugar can damage the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart. People with diabetes are also more likely to have other conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure which can damage the artery walls, hence the need for pharmacological therapy review by pharmacists for these diseases in their prescribing, to ensure that patients get the appropriate therapy. This work practice report aims to analyze cardiovascular therapy by doctors based on incoming prescriptions at Roxy Ciledug Pharmacy and the effect of cardiovascular drugs on diabetes, review prescriptions and management and selected drugs used for cardiovascular patients, and understand the effect of cardiovascular drugs on diabetes. In the sampled prescriptions, eight drugs were prescribed and there was a risk of drug interactions between empagliflozin and diuretic drugs (furosemide, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide), as well as interactions between diuretic drugs, and it was found that the effect of diabetes drugs with cardiovascular drugs could be cardioprotective."

"ABSTRAKMonitor kesehatan jarak jauh adalah suatu sistem aplikasi yang dirancang untuk memusatkan data kesehatan pasien. Pemusatan data tersebut dapat mempermudah pemantauan dari kondisi pasien yang butuh pengawasan dan dapat dipantau dari lokasi seperti rumah pasien. Sistem ini memanfaatkan aplikasi berbasis web beserta database yang disediakan dan alat-alat yang dibantu oleh alat-alat penunjang seperti modul untuk sistem jaringan seperti Arduino dengan esp8266. Penelitian ini fokus pada pembuatan sebuah prototipe sistem monitor kesehatan jarak jauh pada server lokal. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 4 skenario. Hasil dari implementasi dan pengujian prototipe menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini memiliki jitter sebesar 8.38 ms, 4.76 ms, 3.09 ms, 2.22 ms, 2.07 ms, 2.01 ms, 435.25 ms, 390.79 ms, 394.42 ms, 423.07 ms, 442.4 ms, dan 329.32 ms dengan latensi terkecil sebesar 1.5 ms dan latensi terbesar 1967.32 ms. Selama melakukan pengujian sistem, ada terjadi hilangnya paket pada skenario ketiga dan keempat. Hasil pengujian prototipe menunjukkan bahwa sistem pada server lokal sudah layak pakai dengan besaran delay dan jitter yang masih berada pada kategori bagus dan sangat bagus berdasarkan standar yang ingin dicapai hanya pada skenario 1 dan 2, tetapi tidak untuk skenario 3 dan 4.

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ABSTRACTRemote Health Monitor is an application system designed to centralize patient health data. The concentration of data can facilitate monitoring of the condition of patients who need supervision and can be monitored from locations such as patients' homes. This system utilizes web-based applications along with the database provided and tools that are assisted by supporting tools such as modules for network systems such as Arduino equipped with esp8266. This experiment focuses on creating a prototype of a remote health monitor system on a local server with 4 experiment scenarios. The experiment and implementation result of the system shows that this system has a jitter value of 8.38 ms, 4.76 ms, 3.09 ms, 2.22 ms, 2.07 ms, 2.01 ms, 435.25 ms, 390.79 ms, 394.42 ms, 423.07 ms, 442.4 ms, dan 329.32 ms calculated from the latency samples with the minimum latency value of 1.5 ms and the maximum latency value of 1967.32 ms. While the experiment is being conducted, there was no loss of packet from the duration of the transmission conducted for the 1^st and 2^nd scenarios, but there were packet losses while conducting experiment for the 3^rd and 4^th scenarios. The experiment conducted on the prototype using a local server shows that this system is feasible to use based on the delay and jitter value that can be considered good in terms of quality based on the used standard for the 1^st and 2^nd scenarios, but not for the 3^rd and 4^th scenarios.

 

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