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"The philosopher, Luciano Floridi claims that these new technologies have led to a revolutionary shift in our understanding of humanity?s nature and its role in the universe. Florodi?s philosophical analysis of new technologies leads to a novel metaphysical framework in which our understanding of the ultimate nature of reality shifts from a materialist one to an informational one. In this world, all entities, be they natural or artificial, are analyzed as informational entities. This book provides critical reflection to this idea, in four different areas, information ethics and the method of levels of abstraction the information revolution and alternative categorizations of technological advancements applications, education, internet and information science epistemic and ontic aspects of the philosophy of information."

"Library and Information Science dikenal sebagai Ilmu praktis yang lebih mengedepankan filsafat terapan, namun Luciano Floridi melihat kedekatan yang kuat antara Filsafat Informasi dan Library and information of science (LIS). Filsafat Informasi dilihat memiliki potensi menjadi fondasi teoritis dari Library and Information Science (LIS) sebab menyediakan pemahaman sistematis tentang konsep dasar yang berkaitan dengan Ilmu pengetahuan, Perpustakaan, dan Informasi melalui pemahaman terhadap sifat, nilai, dan tujuan dalam praktik kepustakawanan itu sendiri. Penulis menggunakan hermeneutic method sebagai pisau analisis untuk menjembatani pemikiran Luciano Floridi dengan relevansi kondisi LIS pada masa saat ini. Melalui sumber-sumber tulisan maupun interpretasi pihak ketiga atas perspektif Luciano Floridi terhadap hubungan LIS dan Filsafat Informasi sebagai data acuan, penulis mencoba mengambil simpul atas pergeseran yang terjadi tentang esensi kelimuan LIS dengan hadirnya potensi Filsafat Informasi.

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Library and Information Science is known as a practical science that prioritizes applied philosophy, but Luciano Floridi sees a strong affinity between Information Philosophy and Library and information of science (LIS). Information philosophy is seen as having the potential to become the theoretical foundation of Library and Information Science (LIS) because it provides a systematic understanding of the basic concepts related to Science, Library and Information through an understanding of the nature, values and goals of librarianship practice itself. The author uses the hermeneutic method as an analytical tool to bridge Luciano Floridi's thoughts with the relevance of the current LIS condition. Through written sources and third party interpretations of Luciano Floridi's perspective on the relationship between LIS and Information Philosophy as reference data, the author tries to draw conclusions about the shifts that have occurred about the essence of LIS scholarship with the presence of the potential for Information Philosophy."

"Sistem etika dibangun untuk memandu manusia menemukan keselarasan hidup. Namun, ketika sebuah etika dikembangkan dengan menafikan keberadaan manusia, maka timbul pertanyaan: untuk kebutuhan siapakah etika tersebut? Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap selubung makna atas gagasan Luciano Floridi yang membangun etika informasi dengan menjadikan informasi sebagai pusat refleksinya. Informasi tidak lagi sekadar masalah epistemologis. Namun, informasi ditempatkan menjadi persoalan ontologis (reontologization), sehingga manusia beralih-pusat dari subjek (decentering subject) menjadi setara dengan entitas lainnya. Semua entitas yang ada dipahami sebagai objek informasi yang memiliki hak yang sama untuk dihargai dan dihormati (the ontological equality principle). Penilaian moral didasarkan pada prinsip moral yang bersifat formal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi proses alih-pusat yang berakibat pada distribusi peran antara manusia (responsibility) dan entitas nonmanusia (accountability). Sebagai konsekuensinya, distribusi tersebut melahirkan dualisme peranan yang memisahkan masalah moralitas (responsibility) dengan hukum (accountability) yang selama ini keduanya dicampuradukkan tanpa disadari. Namun, pandangan ini justru menyisakan kontroversi bahwa agen moral buatan dapat dikenai sangsi hukum (accountability). Sementara, agen moral manusia hanya dimintai pertanggungjawaban moral (responsibility).

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An ethical system is built to guide people to find harmony in life. However, when an ethic is developed by denying human existence, then the question arises: for whose needs is the ethic? This study aims to disclose the veil of meaning in Luciano Floridi's idea of establishing information ethics by making information as its center of reflection. Information is no longer a mere an epistemological problem; it turns, however, into an ontological issue (reontologized). Thus, humans are no longer subjects (decentered subjects), equal with other entities. All entities are understood to be objects of information, having equal rights to be appreciated and respected (the ontological equality principle). Moral judgment is based on four formal moral principles. Hermeneutics Phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur is used to disclose the veil. The results showed that there was a dehumanization process, resulted in the delegation of moral responsibility from human (responsibility) to entity artificial intelligence (accountability). Thus, it gives birth to a dualism of responsibility that precisely clarifies matters of morality (responsibility) and law (accountability) which had been both mixed up unnoticed. However, this view also leaves the controversy that an artificial moral agent can be subject to legal sanction (accountability). Meanwhile, human moral agents are only accounted for moral responsibility."

"Penggunaan dan perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi digital memunculkan perubahan signifikan di dalamstruktur masyarakat. Luciano Floridi dengan teori re-ontologisasi mengatakan informasi dapat mengubah strukturmasyarakat secara radikal. Re-ontologisasi ini dibentuk dari interaksi antara inforgs dan infosphere. Kemudianteori tersebut menjadi dasar etika yang disebut etika informasi (IE). Etika informasi menekankan idealitas, tanpa adanya entropi di dalam infosphere untuk menjelaskan apa itu `baik`. Dari pemahaman bahwa etika adalah konstruksi idealitas, Floridi menganggap manusia sebagai homo poieticus. Homo poieticus berarti manusia yang memiliki sifat pembentuk dan penjaga. Artikel ini berpendapat sebelum menjadi homo poieticus, manusia haruskembali melihat keterbatasan kapasitas kognitifnya. Terutama di dalam pesat dan masifnya perkembanganinformasi. Melalui etika behavioral, menjelaskan permasalahan kognitif manusia sebagai agen moral terbatas olehrasio dan kebiasaannya. Etika behavioral menggunakan konsep dasar seperti keterbatasan rasionalitas, etikalitasterbatas, dan heuristik di dalamnya. Dengan memahami dan menyadari keterbatasan tersebut, manusia dapatmemaksimalkan penilaian etis. Keterbatasan ini tidak memungkinkan adanya pemahaman holistik dari etikamaupun infosphere. Namun, dari keterbatasan tersebut untuk menjaga infosphere usaha yang dilakukan adalahmemaksimalkan penilaian etis. Dari usaha maksimalisasi ini, menurut penulis homo poieticus dapat menjadi lebihbijak.Usage and progress of digital information technology sparks significant shift in the structure of society. Luciano Floridi with his re-ontologization, explaining information could change the society`s structure in radical way. Reontologization is made by interactions of inforgs and infosphere. The theory become a foundation towards a system of ethics named information ethics (IE). Information ethics emphasises on infosphere state with ideality, without entropy to explain what is `good`. Ethics is a construct ons of ideality of infosphere, the role of human being in Floridi`s sense is to become homo poieticus. Homo poieticus is a demiurgic attitude of the informational and moral agent. This article argues that before becoming homo poieticus, moral agents should take a look back into our own limitations of cognitive capacities. Especially in this abundance and fast growing information condition. Through behavioral ethics, I shall explain the problem of limitations of moral agent. Behavioral ethics using concepts like bounded rationality concept, bounded ethicality, and heuristics to explain it. With understanding and realising the limitations, moral agents could maximising ethical decision making. The limitations shows the impossibilities of holisticunderstanding of ethics nor infosphere. From maximising the limitations, I think homo poieticus could becomemore virtuous or wise demiurgic agent."

"Perkembangan teknologi, secara spesifik teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, membawa banyak perubahan pada aspek kehidupan manusia. Namu laju perkembangan teknologi yang sangat cepat inilah kemudian muncul dilema moral yang baru yang sangat khas dengan kemajuan teknologi. Tulisan ini mencoba membahas salah satu permasalahan moral yang sangat khas dengan kemajuan teknologi, yaitu permasalahan pendamping buatan. Dalam tulisan ini, dengan berlandaskan gagasan etika informasi penulis mencoba memberikan justifikasi etis bahwa menjalin hubungan dengan pendamping buatan atau lebih memilih untuk berteman dengan pendamping buatan ketimbang dengan manusia tidaklah salah secara moral. Bahkan mungkin dalam terang etika informasi tindakan tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai tindakan yang benar.

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The development of technology, specifically information and communication technology, has brought many changes to aspects of human life. However, this very fast pace of technological development then emerges a new moral dilemma that is very typical of technological advances. This paper tries to discuss one of the moral problems that is very typical of technological advances, namely the problem of artificial companions (artificial encounters). In this paper, based on the idea of information ethics, the author tries to provide ethical justification that having a relationship with artificial companions or preferring to be friends with artificial companions rather than humans is not morally wrong. Maybe even in the light of information ethics these actions can be said to be the right actions."

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana sekarang problem di dalam dunia digital, menjadi relevan karena berdampak dengan realitas, saat manusia yang sekarang hidup dalam realitas berbasis informasi yang disebut dalam teori infosphere Luciano Floridi. Luciano Floridi sendiri, memang dikenal sebagai filsuf yang terfokus kepada ranah filsafat informasi, sehingga tulisannya sering sekali dipakai dalam diskursus tersebut. Tulisan ini berfokus dalam menjabarkan permasalahan umum web 2.0 di Indonesia, dalam sistem web 2.0 data pengguna menjadi hal yang penting dalam membangun ekosistem dalam internet. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun ke belakang data pengguna beralih fungsi dijadikan alat penawaran iklan berbasis persona pengguna melalui sistem algoritma. Secara subkonsius, data pengguna yang diambil malah dijadikan sarana periklanan yang efisien. Di sisi lain, masyarakat Indonesia yang terpapar iklan berbasis data pengguna malah terjebak dalam konsumerisme. Selain itu, dalam pembahasan ditemukan masalah lain yaitu creepiness atau rasa takut dan terawasi oleh masyarakat akibat data yang diambil cenderung personal, bahkan hingga menyangkut bagaimana pengguna beraktivitas sehari-hari. Tulisan ini menjabarkan pandangan ethical pluralism Floridi dalam melihat hal tersebut sebagai acuan etika terapan ranah filsafat informasi. Yang digunakan adalah sudut pandang deontologis, konsekuensialisme, dan kontraktualisme, walaupun seharusnya tiga pandangan etis tersebut tidak selaras, namun etika informasi Floridi menganggap bahwa pengguna dan seseorang yang memiliki tingkat tanggung jawab moral yang berbeda, yang berarti tiga sudut pandang teori etika tersebut berpihak pada pengguna yang diambil datanya sehingga bisa selaras. Penelitian ini menuliskan bagaimana masalah penggunaan data pengguna, yang diambil untuk keperluan periklanan dan penjualan oleh pihak tertentu merupakan masalah yang sangatlah serius dan cenderung luput dari perhatian.

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This study explains how current problems in the digital world are relevant because they have an impact on reality, where humans now live in an information-based reality which is referred to in Luciano Floridi's infosphere theory. Luciano Floridi himself is known as a philosopher who focuses on the realm of information philosophy, so his writings are often used in this discourse. This paper focuses on describing common web 2.0 problems in Indonesia, in a web 2.0 system user data is important in building an ecosystem on the internet. However, in the past few years user data has changed its function to be used as a tool for offering advertisements based on user persona through an algorithmic system. Subconciously, the user data taken is actually used as an efficient advertising tool. On the other hand, Indonesian people who are exposed to advertisements based on user data are trapped in consumerism. Apart from that, in the discussion, another problem was found, namely creepiness or fear and being monitored by the community due to the fact that the data collected tends to be personal, even involving how users carry out their daily activities. This paper describes Floridi's view of ethical pluralism in seeing this as a reference for applied ethics in the realm of information philosophy. What he uses on his ethical theory are deontological point of view, consequentialism, and contractualism., Even though these three ethical views should not be in parallel, Floridi's information ethics considers that users and people have different levels of moral responsibility, which means that the three ethical theoretical points of view are in favor of the user whose data is taken so that they can be in parallel. This research writes about how the problem of using user data, which is taken for advertising and sales purposes by certain parties, is a very serious problem and tends to be unnoticed."

"In this book, Seumas Miller develops distinctive philosophical analyses of corruption, collective responsibility and integrity systems, and applies them to cases in both the public and the private sectors. Using numerous well-known examples of institutional corruption, he explores a variety of actual and potential anti-corruption measures. The result is a wide-ranging, theoretically sophisticated and empirically informed work on institutional corruption and how to combat it. Part I defines the key concepts of corruption, power, collective responsibility, bribery, abuse of authority and nepotism; Part II discusses anti-corruption and integrity systems, corruption investigations and whistle-blowing; and Part III focuses on corruption and anti-corruption in specific institutional settings, namely policing, finance, business and government. Integrating theory with practical approaches, this book will be important for those interested in the philosophy and ethics of corruption as well as for those who work to combat it."